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Linux Analysis Report
na.elf

Overview

General Information

Sample name:	na.elf
Analysis ID:	1532426
MD5:	770b122bf160cda69dd22e238354d438
SHA1:	65850dd67ddf5ca463e7c941f76e602faa9ec36a
SHA256:	223a9199331628f87799574474064cba9ce63ea82d450c332065d71fe24db053
Tags:	elfuser-abuse_ch
Infos:

Detection

Score:	48
Range:	0 - 100
Whitelisted:	false

Signatures

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Detected TCP or UDP traffic on non-standard ports

Found strings indicative of a multi-platform dropper

Sample and/or dropped files contains symbols with suspicious names

Sample listens on a socket

Tries to connect to HTTP servers, but all servers are down (expired dropper behavior)

Uses the "uname" system call to query kernel version information (possible evasion)

Classification

General Information

Joe Sandbox version:	41.0.0 Charoite
Analysis ID:	1532426
Start date and time:	2024-10-13 07:12:56 +02:00
Joe Sandbox product:	CloudBasic
Overall analysis duration:	0h 5m 27s
Hypervisor based Inspection enabled:	false
Report type:	full
Cookbook file name:	defaultlinuxfilecookbook.jbs
Analysis system description:	Ubuntu Linux 20.04 x64 (Kernel 5.4.0-72, Firefox 91.0, Evince Document Viewer 3.36.10, LibreOffice 6.4.7.2, OpenJDK 11.0.11)
Analysis Mode:	default
Sample name:	na.elf
Detection:	MAL
Classification:	mal48.linELF@0/498@1/0

Runtime Messages

Command:	/tmp/na.elf
PID:	6256
Exit Code:	0
Exit Code Info:
Killed:	False
Standard Output:
Standard Error:

Process Tree

system is lnxubuntu20

na.elf (PID: 6256, Parent: 6178, MD5: 5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1) Arguments: /tmp/na.elf

na.elf New Fork (PID: 6261, Parent: 6256)

na.elf New Fork (PID: 6263, Parent: 6256)

na.elf New Fork (PID: 6265, Parent: 6263)

cleanup

Yara Signatures

⊘No yara matches

Suricata Signatures

⊘No Suricata rule has matched

Joe Sandbox Signatures

Click to jump to signature section

Show All Signature Results

AV Detection

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Source: na.elf	ReversingLabs: Detection: 36%
Source: na.elf	Virustotal: Detection: 20%			Perma Link

Source: na.elf

String: /lib//sbin//usr//proc//exeself/fd/fd/socket:/proc/proc//exewgetcurlftpmountabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789/proc/net/tcp/proc//exe/fd//proc//maps/lib/usr/lib

Source: global traffic	TCP traffic: 192.168.2.23:43928 -> 91.189.91.42:443
Source: global traffic	TCP traffic: 192.168.2.23:42836 -> 91.189.91.43:443
Source: global traffic	TCP traffic: 192.168.2.23:42516 -> 109.202.202.202:80

Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.43
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 109.202.202.202
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 138.124.30.253
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 138.124.30.253
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 138.124.30.253
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 138.124.30.253
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.43
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 109.202.202.202
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.43
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 138.124.30.253
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 138.124.30.253

Source: unknown	Network traffic detected: HTTP traffic on port 43928 -> 443
Source: unknown	Network traffic detected: HTTP traffic on port 42836 -> 443

Source: na.elf, 6256.1.00007ffcbba9b000.00007ffcbbabc000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: x86_64/usr/bin/qemu-arm/tmp/na.elfSUDO_USER=saturninoPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/binDISPLAY=:1.0XAUTHORITY=/run/user/1000/gdm/XauthoritySUDO_UID=1000TERM=xterm-256colorCOLORTERM=truecolorLOGNAME=rootUSER=rootLANG=en_US.UTF-8SUDO_COMMAND=/bin/bashHOME=/rootMAIL=/var/mail/rootSUDO_GID=1000SHELL=/bin/bash/tmp/na.elf
Source: na.elf, 6256.1.000055c3cff45000.000055c3d00b3000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: U!/etc/qemu-binfmt/arm
Source: na.elf, 6256.1.000055c3cff45000.000055c3d00b3000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /etc/qemu-binfmt/arm
Source: na.elf, 6256.1.00007ffcbba9b000.00007ffcbbabc000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /usr/bin/qemu-arm
Source: na.elf, 6256.1.00007ffcbba9b000.00007ffcbbabc000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /tmp/qemu-open.ELkuSe
Source: na.elf, 6256.1.00007ffcbba9b000.00007ffcbbabc000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: U/tmp/qemu-open.ELkuSe:

Reconnaissance	Resource Development	Initial Access	Execution	Persistence	Privilege Escalation	Defense Evasion	Credential Access	Discovery	Lateral Movement	Collection	Command and Control	Exfiltration	Impact
Gather Victim Identity Information	1 Scripting	Valid Accounts	Windows Management Instrumentation	1 Scripting	Path Interception	1 Masquerading	OS Credential Dumping	11 Security Software Discovery	Remote Services	Data from Local System	1 Encrypted Channel	Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium	Abuse Accessibility Features
Credentials	Domains	Default Accounts	Scheduled Task/Job	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Rootkit	LSASS Memory	Application Window Discovery	Remote Desktop Protocol	Data from Removable Media	1 Non-Standard Port	Exfiltration Over Bluetooth	Network Denial of Service
Email Addresses	DNS Server	Domain Accounts	At	Logon Script (Windows)	Logon Script (Windows)	Obfuscated Files or Information	Security Account Manager	Query Registry	SMB/Windows Admin Shares	Data from Network Shared Drive	1 Non-Application Layer Protocol	Automated Exfiltration	Data Encrypted for Impact
Employee Names	Virtual Private Server	Local Accounts	Cron	Login Hook	Login Hook	Binary Padding	NTDS	System Network Configuration Discovery	Distributed Component Object Model	Input Capture	2 Application Layer Protocol	Traffic Duplication	Data Destruction

Source	Detection	Scanner	Label	Link
na.elf	37%	ReversingLabs	Linux.Backdoor.Mirai
na.elf	20%	Virustotal		Browse

IP	Domain	Country	ASN	ASN Name	Malicious
138.124.30.253	unknown	Norway	8983	NOKIA-ASFI	false
109.202.202.202	unknown	Switzerland	13030	INIT7CH	false
91.189.91.43	unknown	United Kingdom	41231	CANONICAL-ASGB	false
91.189.91.42	unknown	United Kingdom	41231	CANONICAL-ASGB	false

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
109.202.202.202	kpLwzBouH4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	ch.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/f/firefox/firefox_92.0%2bbuild3-0ubuntu0.20.04.1_amd64.deb
91.189.91.43	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	SecuriteInfo.com.ELF.Mirai-ASX.1307.11743.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	SecuriteInfo.com.ELF.Mirai-ASX.31818.3935.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	Rj2IVGj6JJ.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	2Q585VbsPV.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	JnC2t6WhUf.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	bot.mpsl.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Gafgyt, Okiru	Browse
	bot.arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Okiru	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
91.189.91.42	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	SecuriteInfo.com.ELF.Mirai-ASX.1307.11743.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	SecuriteInfo.com.ELF.Mirai-ASX.31818.3935.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	Rj2IVGj6JJ.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	2Q585VbsPV.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	JnC2t6WhUf.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	bot.mpsl.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Gafgyt, Okiru	Browse
	bot.arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Okiru	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse

Process:	/tmp/na.elf
File Type:	ASCII text
Category:	dropped
Size (bytes):	293
Entropy (8bit):	3.369444347493054
Encrypted:	false
SSDEEP:	6:GDFgDMGz/VUH/vYDFgPY/Vp/VjmsVot/VOArB/VH:C3GCnQKl
MD5:	AD363D656F66AB1BB5F426AE6ED02737
SHA1:	00CE5AEFA1849E3422D439EF4B4CBE3E6E83D100
SHA-256:	42C80B0964FF06302CF245D308B9477231BDEC70E07CF2BD5B07E894EA8DD1E5
SHA-512:	423B7BAAA42003001E1A6F72FB0E6B0F83764A4834044874DA9576247D17E43B3B3F1839DAA18DD828676784F745425838994ED017BEEC6EDDA03A9E25BA4ECC
Malicious:	false
Reputation:	low
Preview:	8000-24000 r-xp 00000000 fd:00 531606 /tmp/na.elf.2b000-2c000 rw-p 0001b000 fd:00 531606 /tmp/na.elf.2c000-34000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 .34000-35000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 .ff7ef000-ff7f0000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 .ff7f0000-ffff0000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [stack].

File type:	ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, EABI4 version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, with debug_info, not stripped
Entropy (8bit):	5.929752770543764
TrID:	ELF Executable and Linkable format (generic) (4004/1) 100.00%
File name:	na.elf
File size:	176'095 bytes
MD5:	770b122bf160cda69dd22e238354d438
SHA1:	65850dd67ddf5ca463e7c941f76e602faa9ec36a
SHA256:	223a9199331628f87799574474064cba9ce63ea82d450c332065d71fe24db053
SHA512:	d9ddc2d63e246a74c8063861ba9bd95e7311127feb46575ad085a3760ee5afbc812202957a6f42ea81fe6a83b10836255aba6cd0204275355cc86debbd94146f
SSDEEP:	3072:LJqqmm1FeYhcWjpi+2BvchCQ7a2kbp7JtZOdnwM/9uGKtXZxvM:0ycWjpi+2V+CQ7aFttZOdwM/9uPXo
TLSH:	69041A09EA50572BC2E237BAE69B438E33338B48B7D7331589345BB53FC6B985D22115
File Content Preview:	.ELF..............(.........4...........4. ...(........p ... 1.. 1..................................8...8...............8...8...8...@....c..............<...<...<...................Q.td..................................-...L..................G.F.G.F.G.F.G.

ELF header
Class:	ELF32
Data:	2's complement, little endian
Version:	1 (current)
Machine:	ARM
Version Number:	0x1
Type:	EXEC (Executable file)
OS/ABI:	UNIX - System V
ABI Version:	0
Entry Point Address:	0x81d0
Flags:	0x4000002
ELF Header Size:	52
Program Header Offset:	52
Program Header Size:	32
Number of Program Headers:	5
Section Header Offset:	138944
Section Header Size:	40
Number of Section Headers:	29
Header String Table Index:	26

Name	Type	Address	Offset	Size	EntSize	Flags	Flags Description	Link	Info	Align
	NULL	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0		0	0	0
.init	PROGBITS	0x80d4	0xd4	0x10	0x0	0x6	AX	0	0	4
.text	PROGBITS	0x80f0	0xf0	0x199c8	0x0	0x6	AX	0	0	16
.fini	PROGBITS	0x21ab8	0x19ab8	0x10	0x0	0x6	AX	0	0	4
.rodata	PROGBITS	0x21ac8	0x19ac8	0x1640	0x0	0x2	A	0	0	8
.ARM.extab	PROGBITS	0x23108	0x1b108	0x18	0x0	0x2	A	0	0	4
.ARM.exidx	ARM_EXIDX	0x23120	0x1b120	0x118	0x0	0x82	AL	2	0	4
.eh_frame	PROGBITS	0x2b238	0x1b238	0x4	0x0	0x3	WA	0	0	4
.tbss	NOBITS	0x2b23c	0x1b23c	0x8	0x0	0x403	WAT	0	0	4
.init_array	INIT_ARRAY	0x2b23c	0x1b23c	0x4	0x0	0x3	WA	0	0	4
.fini_array	FINI_ARRAY	0x2b240	0x1b240	0x4	0x0	0x3	WA	0	0	4
.jcr	PROGBITS	0x2b244	0x1b244	0x4	0x0	0x3	WA	0	0	4
.got	PROGBITS	0x2b248	0x1b248	0xa8	0x4	0x3	WA	0	0	4
.data	PROGBITS	0x2b2f0	0x1b2f0	0x288	0x0	0x3	WA	0	0	4
.bss	NOBITS	0x2b578	0x1b578	0x6048	0x0	0x3	WA	0	0	4
.comment	PROGBITS	0x0	0x1b578	0xcbe	0x0	0x0		0	0	1
.debug_aranges	PROGBITS	0x0	0x1c238	0x140	0x0	0x0		0	0	8
.debug_pubnames	PROGBITS	0x0	0x1c378	0x213	0x0	0x0		0	0	1
.debug_info	PROGBITS	0x0	0x1c58b	0x2043	0x0	0x0		0	0	1
.debug_abbrev	PROGBITS	0x0	0x1e5ce	0x6e2	0x0	0x0		0	0	1
.debug_line	PROGBITS	0x0	0x1ecb0	0xe76	0x0	0x0		0	0	1
.debug_frame	PROGBITS	0x0	0x1fb28	0x2b8	0x0	0x0		0	0	4
.debug_str	PROGBITS	0x0	0x1fde0	0x8ca	0x1	0x30	MS	0	0	1
.debug_loc	PROGBITS	0x0	0x206aa	0x118f	0x0	0x0		0	0	1
.debug_ranges	PROGBITS	0x0	0x21839	0x558	0x0	0x0		0	0	1
.ARM.attributes	ARM_ATTRIBUTES	0x0	0x21d91	0x16	0x0	0x0		0	0	1
.shstrtab	STRTAB	0x0	0x21da7	0x117	0x0	0x0		0	0	1
.symtab	SYMTAB	0x0	0x22348	0x5e80	0x10	0x0		28	876	4
.strtab	STRTAB	0x0	0x281c8	0x2e17	0x0	0x0		0	0	1

Type	Offset	Virtual Address	Physical Address	File Size	Memory Size	Entropy	Flags	Flags Description	Align	Section Mappings
EXIDX	0x1b120	0x23120	0x23120	0x118	0x118	4.4940	0x4	R	0x4	.ARM.exidx
LOAD	0x0	0x8000	0x8000	0x1b238	0x1b238	5.9617	0x5	R E	0x8000	.init .text .fini .rodata .ARM.extab .ARM.exidx
LOAD	0x1b238	0x2b238	0x2b238	0x340	0x6388	3.8287	0x6	RW	0x8000	.eh_frame .tbss .init_array .fini_array .jcr .got .data .bss
TLS	0x1b23c	0x2b23c	0x2b23c	0x0	0x8	0.0000	0x4	R	0x4	.tbss
GNU_STACK	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0.0000	0x7	RWE	0x4

Timestamp	Source Port	Dest Port	Source IP	Dest IP
Oct 13, 2024 07:13:46.614097118 CEST	43928	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.42
Oct 13, 2024 07:13:51.989128113 CEST	42836	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.43
Oct 13, 2024 07:13:53.268920898 CEST	42516	80	192.168.2.23	109.202.202.202
Oct 13, 2024 07:13:55.416290998 CEST	57942	9583	192.168.2.23	138.124.30.253
Oct 13, 2024 07:13:55.421114922 CEST	9583	57942	138.124.30.253	192.168.2.23
Oct 13, 2024 07:13:55.421163082 CEST	57942	9583	192.168.2.23	138.124.30.253
Oct 13, 2024 07:13:57.426800966 CEST	57942	9583	192.168.2.23	138.124.30.253
Oct 13, 2024 07:13:57.431713104 CEST	9583	57942	138.124.30.253	192.168.2.23
Oct 13, 2024 07:13:57.431782961 CEST	57942	9583	192.168.2.23	138.124.30.253
Oct 13, 2024 07:13:57.436520100 CEST	9583	57942	138.124.30.253	192.168.2.23
Oct 13, 2024 07:14:07.346950054 CEST	43928	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.42
Oct 13, 2024 07:14:17.585628986 CEST	42836	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.43
Oct 13, 2024 07:14:23.728882074 CEST	42516	80	192.168.2.23	109.202.202.202
Oct 13, 2024 07:14:48.301575899 CEST	43928	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.42
Oct 13, 2024 07:15:08.778515100 CEST	42836	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.43
Oct 13, 2024 07:15:57.462929964 CEST	57942	9583	192.168.2.23	138.124.30.253
Oct 13, 2024 07:15:57.467930079 CEST	9583	57942	138.124.30.253	192.168.2.23
Oct 13, 2024 07:15:57.718183994 CEST	9583	57942	138.124.30.253	192.168.2.23
Oct 13, 2024 07:15:57.718264103 CEST	57942	9583	192.168.2.23	138.124.30.253

Timestamp	Source Port	Dest Port	Source IP	Dest IP
Oct 13, 2024 07:13:55.404089928 CEST	33987	53	192.168.2.23	8.8.8.8
Oct 13, 2024 07:13:55.414042950 CEST	53	33987	8.8.8.8	192.168.2.23

Start time (UTC):	05:13:48
Start date (UTC):	13/10/2024
Path:	/tmp/na.elf
Arguments:	/tmp/na.elf
File size:	4956856 bytes
MD5 hash:	5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1

Start time (UTC):	05:13:54
Start date (UTC):	13/10/2024
Path:	/tmp/na.elf
Arguments:	-
File size:	4956856 bytes
MD5 hash:	5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1

Description:	This technique has been deprecated. Please use Command and Scripting Interpreter where appropriate.
Tactics:	Defense Evasion, Execution
Data Sources:
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to manipulate features of their artifacts to make them appear legitimate or benign to users and/or security tools. Masquerading occurs when the name or location of an object, legitimate or malicious, is manipulated or abused for the sake of evading defenses and observation. This may include manipulating file metadata, tricking users into misidentifying the file type, and giving legitimate task or service names.
Tactics:	Defense Evasion
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, File: File Metadata, File: File Modification, Image: Image Metadata, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation, Process: Process Metadata, Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Metadata, Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Modification, Service: Service Creation, Service: Service Metadata
Platforms:	Containers, Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. This may include things such as firewall rules and anti-virus. Adversaries may use the information from Security Software Discovery during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.
Tactics:	Discovery
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, Firewall: Firewall Enumeration, Firewall: Firewall Metadata, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation
Platforms:	Azure AD, Google Workspace, IaaS, Linux, macOS, Office 365, SaaS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Behavior Section

Behavior Chronological

Disassembly

Uncategorized

Graph

Loading Joe Sandbox Report ...

Warning!

Linux Analysis Report na.elf

Overview

General Information

Detection

Signatures

Classification

General Information

Runtime Messages

Process Tree

Yara Signatures

Suricata Signatures

Joe Sandbox Signatures

AV Detection

Spreading

Networking

System Summary

Malware Analysis System Evasion

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Malware Configuration

Behavior Graph

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Dropped Files

Domains

URLs

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

World Map of Contacted IPs

Public IPs

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Domains

ASNs

JA3 Fingerprints

Dropped Files

Created / dropped Files

/tmp/qemu-open.06SNyE (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.0S6TlF (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.0Z2MWg (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.0ZqdgC (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.0iuU0C (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.0pl8mf (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.16xv0B (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.194dtD (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.1BOUpB (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.1BirQB (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.1HWUOB (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.1QHQDB (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.1XUHnC (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.1ZQQNd (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.1kOxCD (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.1vY3JE (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.1zrV3d (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.28EEMB (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.2GIckB (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.2H5zUg (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.2JFXNh (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.2MRzjE (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.2Z0VAd (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.2rOwiD (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.2vjFZC (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.2wZaJB (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.2ysT0E (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.3TZQQD (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.3cPANB (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.3jBRCE (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.3wNiEB (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.43Ow2C (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.472c4E (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.47MZ2d (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.4CyO1g (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.4E3RPB (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.4kpsbF (deleted)

Linux Analysis Report
na.elf

Description:	Adversaries may employ a known encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Despite the use of a secure algorithm, these implementations may be vulnerable to reverse engineering if secret keys are encoded and/or generated within malware samples/configuration files.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may communicate using a protocol and port pairing that are typically not associated. For example, HTTPS over port 8088or port 587as opposed to the traditional port 443. Adversaries may make changes to the standard port used by a protocol to bypass filtering or muddle analysis/parsing of network data.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may use an OSI non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2 server or among infected hosts within a network. The list of possible protocols is extensive.Specific examples include use of network layer protocols, such as the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), transport layer protocols, such as the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), session layer protocols, such as Socket Secure (SOCKS), as well as redirected/tunneled protocols, such as Serial over LAN (SOL).
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Network, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may communicate using OSI application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre