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Linux Analysis Report
na.elf

Overview

General Information

Sample name:	na.elf
Analysis ID:	1528713
MD5:	b1b2cfc6aa650c86d3fc36c5d97ffd9b
SHA1:	1cd1603f687141f8426309d91ce8d3a62e490a7e
SHA256:	018126389d78d622879924d688395499da7084b04861697c8df276b0c314748c
Tags:	elfuser-abuse_ch
Infos:

Detection

Score:	56
Range:	0 - 100
Whitelisted:	false

Signatures

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Deletes system log files

Sample tries to access files in /etc/config/ (typical for OpenWRT routers)

Creates hidden files and/or directories

Found strings indicative of a multi-platform dropper

Sample has stripped symbol table

Sample listens on a socket

Sample tries to kill a process (SIGKILL)

Sleeps for long times indicative of sandbox evasion

Uses the "uname" system call to query kernel version information (possible evasion)

Classification

General Information

Joe Sandbox version:	41.0.0 Charoite
Analysis ID:	1528713
Start date and time:	2024-10-08 09:42:10 +02:00
Joe Sandbox product:	CloudBasic
Overall analysis duration:	0h 4m 52s
Hypervisor based Inspection enabled:	false
Report type:	full
Cookbook file name:	defaultlinuxfilecookbook.jbs
Analysis system description:	Ubuntu Linux 20.04 x64 (Kernel 5.4.0-72, Firefox 91.0, Evince Document Viewer 3.36.10, LibreOffice 6.4.7.2, OpenJDK 11.0.11)
Analysis Mode:	default
Sample name:	na.elf
Detection:	MAL
Classification:	mal56.evad.linELF@0/0@0/0

Warnings

Skipping network analysis since amount of network traffic is too extensive

Runtime Messages

Command:	/tmp/na.elf
PID:	5527
Exit Code:	0
Exit Code Info:
Killed:	False
Standard Output:	thIs wEek on xLaB lEarNs nOthinG xd
Standard Error:

Process Tree

system is lnxubuntu20

na.elf (PID: 5527, Parent: 5445, MD5: 5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1) Arguments: /tmp/na.elf

na.elf New Fork (PID: 5529, Parent: 5527)

na.elf New Fork (PID: 5531, Parent: 5527)

na.elf New Fork (PID: 5533, Parent: 5527)

na.elf New Fork (PID: 5535, Parent: 5533)

na.elf New Fork (PID: 5578, Parent: 5533)

na.elf New Fork (PID: 5580, Parent: 5578)

cleanup

Joe Sandbox Signatures

Click to jump to signature section

Show All Signature Results

AV Detection

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Source: na.elf

ReversingLabs: Detection: 34%

Source: na.elf

String: /proc//exewgetinitcurltftp/fdsocketproc/usr/bin/usr/sbin/system/mnt/mtd/app/org/z/zbin/home/app/dvr/bin/duksan/userfs/mnt/app/usr/etc/dvr/main/usr/local/var/bin/tmp/sqfs/z/bin/dvr/mnt/mtd/zconf/gm/bin/home/process/var/challenge/usr/lib/lib/systemd//usr/lib/systemd/system/system/bin//mnt//home/helper/home/davinci/usr/libexec//sbin//bin/

Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5527)

Socket: 127.0.0.1:1234

Jump to behavior

Source: ELF static info symbol of initial sample

.symtab present: no

Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5578)	SIGKILL sent: pid: 5535, result: successful			Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5580)	SIGKILL sent: pid: 5578, result: successful			Jump to behavior

Source: classification engine

Classification label: mal56.evad.linELF@0/0@0/0

Data Obfuscation

Sample tries to access files in /etc/config/ (typical for OpenWRT routers)

Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5531)

File: /etc/config

Jump to behavior

Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5531)	Directory: /root/.cache	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5531)	Directory: /root/.ssh	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5531)	Directory: /root/.config	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5531)	Directory: /root/.local	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5531)	Directory: /tmp/.X11-unix	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5531)	Directory: /tmp/.Test-unix	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5531)	Directory: /tmp/.font-unix	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5531)	Directory: /tmp/.ICE-unix	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5531)	Directory: /tmp/.XIM-unix	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5531)	Directory: /etc/.java	Jump to behavior

Hooking and other Techniques for Hiding and Protection

Deletes system log files

Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5531)

Log files deleted: /var/log/kern.log

Jump to behavior

Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5580)

Sleeps longer then 60s: 60.0s

Jump to behavior

Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5527)

Queries kernel information via 'uname':

Jump to behavior

Source: na.elf, 5527.1.00007ffdea5ca000.00007ffdea5eb000.rw-.sdmp, na.elf, 5535.1.00007ffdea5ca000.00007ffdea5eb000.rw-.sdmp, na.elf, 5578.1.00007ffdea5ca000.00007ffdea5eb000.rw-.sdmp, na.elf, 5580.1.00007ffdea5ca000.00007ffdea5eb000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: x86_64/usr/bin/qemu-arm/tmp/na.elfSUDO_USER=saturninoPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/binDISPLAY=:1.0XAUTHORITY=/run/user/1000/gdm/XauthoritySUDO_UID=1000TERM=xterm-256colorCOLORTERM=truecolorLOGNAME=rootUSER=rootLANG=en_US.UTF-8SUDO_COMMAND=/bin/bashHOME=/rootMAIL=/var/mail/rootSUDO_GID=1000SHELL=/bin/bash/tmp/na.elf
Source: na.elf, 5527.1.00005630fd751000.00005630fd89f000.rw-.sdmp, na.elf, 5535.1.00005630fd751000.00005630fd89f000.rw-.sdmp, na.elf, 5578.1.00005630fd751000.00005630fd89f000.rw-.sdmp, na.elf, 5580.1.00005630fd751000.00005630fd89f000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /etc/qemu-binfmt/arm
Source: na.elf, 5527.1.00005630fd751000.00005630fd89f000.rw-.sdmp, na.elf, 5535.1.00005630fd751000.00005630fd89f000.rw-.sdmp, na.elf, 5578.1.00005630fd751000.00005630fd89f000.rw-.sdmp, na.elf, 5580.1.00005630fd751000.00005630fd89f000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: 0V!/etc/qemu-binfmt/arm
Source: na.elf, 5527.1.00007ffdea5ca000.00007ffdea5eb000.rw-.sdmp, na.elf, 5535.1.00007ffdea5ca000.00007ffdea5eb000.rw-.sdmp, na.elf, 5578.1.00007ffdea5ca000.00007ffdea5eb000.rw-.sdmp, na.elf, 5580.1.00007ffdea5ca000.00007ffdea5eb000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /usr/bin/qemu-arm

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Reconnaissance	Resource Development	Initial Access	Execution	Persistence	Privilege Escalation	Defense Evasion	Credential Access	Discovery	Lateral Movement	Collection	Command and Control	Exfiltration	Impact
Gather Victim Identity Information	1 Scripting	Valid Accounts	Windows Management Instrumentation	1 Scripting	Path Interception	1 Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion	OS Credential Dumping	11 Security Software Discovery	Remote Services	Data from Local System	Data Obfuscation	Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium	Abuse Accessibility Features
Credentials	Domains	Default Accounts	Scheduled Task/Job	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	1 Hidden Files and Directories	LSASS Memory	1 Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion	Remote Desktop Protocol	Data from Removable Media	Junk Data	Exfiltration Over Bluetooth	Network Denial of Service
Email Addresses	DNS Server	Domain Accounts	At	Logon Script (Windows)	Logon Script (Windows)	1 Indicator Removal	Security Account Manager	Query Registry	SMB/Windows Admin Shares	Data from Network Shared Drive	Steganography	Automated Exfiltration	Data Encrypted for Impact

Malware Configuration

⊘No configs have been found

Behavior Graph

Hide Legend

Legend:

Process
Signature
Created File
DNS/IP Info
Is Dropped
Number of created Files
Is malicious
Internet

Screenshots

Thumbnails

This section contains all screenshots as thumbnails, including those not shown in the slideshow.

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Source	Detection	Scanner	Label	Link
na.elf	34%	ReversingLabs	Linux.Backdoor.Mirai

Dropped Files

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains

⊘No Antivirus matches

URLs

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

⊘No contacted domains info

World Map of Contacted IPs

⊘No contacted IP infos

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

⊘No context

Domains

⊘No context

ASNs

⊘No context

JA3 Fingerprints

⊘No context

Dropped Files

⊘No context

Created / dropped Files

⊘No created / dropped files found

Static File Info

General

File type:	ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (ARM), statically linked, stripped
Entropy (8bit):	5.967433347239515
TrID:	ELF Executable and Linkable format (generic) (4004/1) 100.00%
File name:	na.elf
File size:	58'548 bytes
MD5:	b1b2cfc6aa650c86d3fc36c5d97ffd9b
SHA1:	1cd1603f687141f8426309d91ce8d3a62e490a7e
SHA256:	018126389d78d622879924d688395499da7084b04861697c8df276b0c314748c
SHA512:	fe4a8bbcfae3831a4861aa533c0a962fc1e257c349eaf2fe7fae02ea9b76228bad458cc4667880ea4460e6a0838b6a1a16b254086bf083e82456da558383c9f5
SSDEEP:	1536:h78fP4T2NVenzh5N82Dv+kWWPCBYrAOvaDhn:hYfPzNeh5NbDGE5rQn
TLSH:	664307857DC29E1ACAC513BBFA0F828D37266398E3DE3203DD255F51378A96B0D6B501
File Content Preview:	.ELF...a..........(.........4...$.......4. ...(..........................................................E..........Q.td..................................-...L."....3..........0@-.\P...0....S.0...P@...0... ....R......0...0...........0... ....R..... 0....S

Static ELF Info

ELF header
Class:	ELF32
Data:	2's complement, little endian
Version:	1 (current)
Machine:	ARM
Version Number:	0x1
Type:	EXEC (Executable file)
OS/ABI:	ARM - ABI
ABI Version:	0
Entry Point Address:	0x8190
Flags:	0x202
ELF Header Size:	52
Program Header Offset:	52
Program Header Size:	32
Number of Program Headers:	3
Section Header Offset:	58148
Section Header Size:	40
Number of Section Headers:	10
Header String Table Index:	9

Sections

Name	Type	Address	Offset	Size	EntSize	Flags	Flags Description	Align
	NULL	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0		0
.init	PROGBITS	0x8094	0x94	0x18	0x0	0x6	AX	4
.text	PROGBITS	0x80b0	0xb0	0xcfbc	0x0	0x6	AX	16
.fini	PROGBITS	0x1506c	0xd06c	0x14	0x0	0x6	AX	4
.rodata	PROGBITS	0x15080	0xd080	0xd6c	0x0	0x2	A	4
.ctors	PROGBITS	0x1e000	0xe000	0x8	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.dtors	PROGBITS	0x1e008	0xe008	0x8	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.data	PROGBITS	0x1e014	0xe014	0x2d0	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.bss	NOBITS	0x1e2e4	0xe2e4	0x42b4	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.shstrtab	STRTAB	0x0	0xe2e4	0x3e	0x0	0x0		1

Program Segments

Type	Offset	Virtual Address	Physical Address	File Size	Memory Size	Entropy	Flags	Flags Description	Align	Section Mappings
LOAD	0x0	0x8000	0x8000	0xddec	0xddec	6.0232	0x5	R E	0x8000	.init .text .fini .rodata
LOAD	0xe000	0x1e000	0x1e000	0x2e4	0x4598	3.7251	0x6	RW	0x8000	.ctors .dtors .data .bss
GNU_STACK	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0.0000	0x7	RWE	0x4

Network Behavior

⊘Skipped network analysis since the amount of network traffic is too extensive. Please download the PCAP and check manually.

System Behavior

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 5527, Parent PID: 5445

General

Start time (UTC):	07:42:55
Start date (UTC):	08/10/2024
Path:	/tmp/na.elf
Arguments:	/tmp/na.elf
File size:	4956856 bytes
MD5 hash:	5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 5529, Parent PID: 5527

General

Start time (UTC):	07:42:56
Start date (UTC):	08/10/2024
Path:	/tmp/na.elf
Arguments:	-
File size:	4956856 bytes
MD5 hash:	5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 5531, Parent PID: 5527

General

Start time (UTC):	07:42:56
Start date (UTC):	08/10/2024
Path:	/tmp/na.elf
Arguments:	-
File size:	4956856 bytes
MD5 hash:	5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 5533, Parent PID: 5527

General

Start time (UTC):	07:42:56
Start date (UTC):	08/10/2024
Path:	/tmp/na.elf
Arguments:	-
File size:	4956856 bytes
MD5 hash:	5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 5535, Parent PID: 5533

General

Start time (UTC):	07:42:56
Start date (UTC):	08/10/2024
Path:	/tmp/na.elf
Arguments:	-
File size:	4956856 bytes
MD5 hash:	5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 5578, Parent PID: 5533

General

Start time (UTC):	07:43:45
Start date (UTC):	08/10/2024
Path:	/tmp/na.elf
Arguments:	-
File size:	4956856 bytes
MD5 hash:	5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 5580, Parent PID: 5578

General

Start time (UTC):	07:43:45
Start date (UTC):	08/10/2024
Path:	/tmp/na.elf
Arguments:	-
File size:	4956856 bytes
MD5 hash:	5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1

Description:	This technique has been deprecated. Please use Command and Scripting Interpreter where appropriate.
Tactics:	Defense Evasion, Execution
Data Sources:
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may employ various means to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include changing behaviors based on the results of checks for the presence of artifacts indicative of a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox. If the adversary detects a VME, they may alter their malware to disengage from the victim or conceal the core functions of the implant. They may also search for VME artifacts before dropping secondary or additional payloads. Adversaries may use the information learned from [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors.
Tactics:	Defense Evasion, Discovery
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may set files and directories to be hidden to evade detection mechanisms. To prevent normal users from accidentally changing special files on a system, most operating systems have the concept of a ‘hidden’ file. These files don’t show up when a user browses the file system with a GUI or when using normal commands on the command line. Users must explicitly ask to show the hidden files either via a series of Graphical User Interface (GUI) prompts or with command line switches ( `dir /a` for Windows and `ls –a` for Linux and macOS).
Tactics:	Defense Evasion
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, File: File Creation, File: File Metadata, Process: Process Creation
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may delete or modify artifacts generated within systems to remove evidence of their presence or hinder defenses. Various artifacts may be created by an adversary or something that can be attributed to an adversary’s actions. Typically these artifacts are used as defensive indicators related to monitored events, such as strings from downloaded files, logs that are generated from user actions, and other data analyzed by defenders. Location, format, and type of artifact (such as command or login history) are often specific to each platform.
Tactics:	Defense Evasion
Data Sources:	Application Log: Application Log Content, Command: Command Execution, File: File Deletion, File: File Metadata, File: File Modification, Firewall: Firewall Rule Modification, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation, Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Modification, User Account: User Account Authentication, User Account: User Account Deletion, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Deletion, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification
Platforms:	Containers, Google Workspace, Linux, macOS, Network, Office 365, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. This may include things such as firewall rules and anti-virus. Adversaries may use the information from Security Software Discovery during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.
Tactics:	Discovery
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, Firewall: Firewall Enumeration, Firewall: Firewall Metadata, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation
Platforms:	Azure AD, Google Workspace, IaaS, Linux, macOS, Office 365, SaaS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Behavior Section

Behavior Chronological

Disassembly

Uncategorized

Graph

Loading Joe Sandbox Report ...

Warning!

Linux Analysis Report na.elf

Overview

General Information

Detection

Signatures

Classification

General Information

Warnings

Runtime Messages

Process Tree

Yara Signatures

Suricata Signatures

Joe Sandbox Signatures

AV Detection

Spreading

Networking

System Summary

Data Obfuscation

Persistence and Installation Behavior

Hooking and other Techniques for Hiding and Protection

Malware Analysis System Evasion

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Malware Configuration

Behavior Graph

Screenshots

Thumbnails

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Dropped Files

Domains

URLs

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

World Map of Contacted IPs

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Domains

ASNs

JA3 Fingerprints

Dropped Files

Created / dropped Files

Static File Info

General

Static ELF Info

ELF header

Sections

Program Segments

Network Behavior

System Behavior

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 5527, Parent PID: 5445

General

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 5529, Parent PID: 5527

General

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 5531, Parent PID: 5527

General

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 5533, Parent PID: 5527

General

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 5535, Parent PID: 5533

General

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 5578, Parent PID: 5533

General

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 5580, Parent PID: 5578

General

Chronological Activities

Linux Analysis Report
na.elf