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Linux Analysis Report
na.elf

Overview

General Information

Sample name:	na.elf
Analysis ID:	1527282
MD5:	9426bb39167da62b60d404358c60703a
SHA1:	381ef6fd0d306d06210fad1c3cb363a3af519364
SHA256:	1dbe89b574dc948b010028fc9948ac9d58c10b1295eb51d5d31dfd26e7f80de8
Tags:	elfMiraiuser-abuse_ch
Infos:

Detection

Mirai, Okiru

Score:	72
Range:	0 - 100
Whitelisted:	false

Signatures

Antivirus / Scanner detection for submitted sample

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Yara detected Mirai

Yara detected Okiru

Found strings indicative of a multi-platform dropper

Sample contains strings indicative of BusyBox which embeds multiple Unix commands in a single executable

Sample has stripped symbol table

Uses the "uname" system call to query kernel version information (possible evasion)

Classification

General Information

Joe Sandbox version:	41.0.0 Charoite
Analysis ID:	1527282
Start date and time:	2024-10-06 22:19:29 +02:00
Joe Sandbox product:	CloudBasic
Overall analysis duration:	0h 4m 20s
Hypervisor based Inspection enabled:	false
Report type:	full
Cookbook file name:	defaultlinuxfilecookbook.jbs
Analysis system description:	Ubuntu Linux 20.04 x64 (Kernel 5.4.0-72, Firefox 91.0, Evince Document Viewer 3.36.10, LibreOffice 6.4.7.2, OpenJDK 11.0.11)
Analysis Mode:	default
Sample name:	na.elf
Detection:	MAL
Classification:	mal72.troj.linELF@0/0@2/0

Runtime Messages

Command:	/tmp/na.elf
PID:	5528
Exit Code:	139
Exit Code Info:	SIGSEGV (11) Segmentation fault invalid memory reference
Killed:	False
Standard Output:
Standard Error:	qemu: uncaught target signal 11 (Segmentation fault) - core dumped

Process Tree

system is lnxubuntu20

na.elf (PID: 5528, Parent: 5450, MD5: 5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1) Arguments: /tmp/na.elf

cleanup

Malware Threat Intel

Provided by

Name	Description	Attribution	Blogpost URLs	Link
Mirai	Mirai is one of the first significant botnets targeting exposed networking devices running Linux. Found in August 2016 by MalwareMustDie, its name means "future" in Japanese. Nowadays it targets a wide range of networked embedded devices such as IP cameras, home routers (many vendors involved), and other IoT devices. Since the source code was published on "Hack Forums" many variants of the Mirai family appeared, infecting mostly home networks all around the world.	No Attribution	http://osint.bambenekconsulting.com/feeds/ http://www.simonroses.com/2016/10/mirai-ddos-botnet-source-code-binary-analysis/ https://blog.malwaremustdie.org/2020/02/mmd-0065-2021-linuxmirai-fbot-re.html https://blog.netlab.360.com/another-lilin-dvr-0-day-being-used-to-spread-mirai-en/ https://blog.netlab.360.com/mirai_ptea-botnet-is-exploiting-undisclosed-kguard-dvr-vulnerability-en/	https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/elf.mirai

Yara Signatures

Initial Sample

Source	Rule	Description	Author	Strings
na.elf	JoeSecurity_Okiru	Yara detected Okiru	Joe Security
na.elf	JoeSecurity_Mirai_3	Yara detected Mirai	Joe Security

Memory Dumps

Source	Rule	Description	Author
5528.1.00007fefb0017000.00007fefb002a000.r-x.sdmp	JoeSecurity_Okiru	Yara detected Okiru	Joe Security
5528.1.00007fefb0017000.00007fefb002a000.r-x.sdmp	JoeSecurity_Mirai_3	Yara detected Mirai	Joe Security
Process Memory Space: na.elf PID: 5528	JoeSecurity_Okiru	Yara detected Okiru	Joe Security
Process Memory Space: na.elf PID: 5528	JoeSecurity_Mirai_3	Yara detected Mirai	Joe Security

Joe Sandbox Signatures

Click to jump to signature section

Show All Signature Results

AV Detection

Antivirus / Scanner detection for submitted sample

Source: na.elf

Avira: detected

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Source: na.elf

ReversingLabs: Detection: 60%

Source: na.elf

String: byte/proc//proc/%s/exe/proc/self/exe/proc/proc/%d/cmdlinenetstatwgettftpftpcurlbusybox/bin/busyboxvar/Challengeapp/hi3511gmDVRiboxusr/dvr_main _8182T_1108mnt/mtd/app/guivar/Kylinl0 c/udevdanko-app/ankosample _8182T_1104var/tmp/soniahicorestm_hi3511_dvr/usr/lib/systemd/systemd/usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-serverusr/shellmnt/sys/bin/boot/media/srv/var/run/sbin/lib/etc/dev/home/Davincitelnetsshwatchdog/var/spool/var/Sofiasshd/usr/compress/bin//compress/bin/compress/usr/bashhttpdtelnetddropbearropbearencodersystem/root/dvr_gui//root/dvr_app//anko-app//opt/soraarmx86dbgmipsmpslbot/var/run/mnt/root/var/tmp/boot/bin/sbin/../(deleted)/homemipselarm4arm5arm6arm7sh4m68kx586x86_64i586i686ppcspcbyte-mirai.kro.kr68.183.18.151

Source: unknown	UDP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 1.1.1.1
Source: unknown	UDP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 1.1.1.1

Source: global traffic

DNS traffic detected: DNS query: daisy.ubuntu.com

Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: busybox
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: byte/proc//proc/%s/exe/proc/self/exe/proc/proc/%d/cmdlinenetstatwgettftpftpcurlbusybox/bin/busyboxvar/Challengeapp/hi3511gmDVRiboxusr/dvr_main _8182T_1108mnt/mtd/app/guivar/Kylinl0 c/udevdanko-app/ankosample _8182T_1104var/tmp/soniahicorestm_hi3511_dvr/usr/lib/systemd/systemd/usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-serverusr/shellmnt/sys/bin/boot/media/srv/var/run/sbin/lib/etc/dev/home/Davincitelnetsshwatchdog/var/spool/var/Sofiasshd/usr/compress/bin//compress/bin/compress/usr/bashhttpdtelnetddropbearropbearencodersystem/root/dvr_gui//root/dvr_app//anko-app//opt/soraarmx86dbgmipsmpslbot/var/run/mnt/root/var/tmp/boot/bin/sbin/../(deleted)/homemipselarm4arm5arm6arm7sh4m68kx586x86_64i586i686ppcspcbyte-mirai.kro.kr68.183.18.151

Source: ELF static info symbol of initial sample

.symtab present: no

Source: classification engine

Classification label: mal72.troj.linELF@0/0@2/0

Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 5528)

Queries kernel information via 'uname':

Jump to behavior

Source: na.elf, 5528.1.00007ffcfc36d000.00007ffcfc38e000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: 6x86_64/usr/bin/qemu-arm/tmp/na.elfSUDO_USER=saturninoPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/binDISPLAY=:1.0XAUTHORITY=/run/user/1000/gdm/XauthoritySUDO_UID=1000TERM=xterm-256colorCOLORTERM=truecolorLOGNAME=rootUSER=rootLANG=en_US.UTF-8SUDO_COMMAND=/bin/bashHOME=/rootMAIL=/var/mail/rootSUDO_GID=1000SHELL=/bin/bash/tmp/na.elf
Source: na.elf, 5528.1.000055f780594000.000055f7806c2000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: U!/etc/qemu-binfmt/arm
Source: na.elf, 5528.1.000055f780594000.000055f7806c2000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /etc/qemu-binfmt/arm
Source: na.elf, 5528.1.00007ffcfc36d000.00007ffcfc38e000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /usr/bin/qemu-arm
Source: na.elf, 5528.1.00007ffcfc36d000.00007ffcfc38e000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: qemu: uncaught target signal 11 (Segmentation fault) - core dumped

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Yara detected Mirai

Source: Yara match	File source: na.elf, type: SAMPLE
Source: Yara match	File source: 5528.1.00007fefb0017000.00007fefb002a000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY
Source: Yara match	File source: Process Memory Space: na.elf PID: 5528, type: MEMORYSTR

Yara detected Okiru

Source: Yara match	File source: na.elf, type: SAMPLE
Source: Yara match	File source: 5528.1.00007fefb0017000.00007fefb002a000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY
Source: Yara match	File source: Process Memory Space: na.elf PID: 5528, type: MEMORYSTR

Remote Access Functionality

Yara detected Mirai

Source: Yara match	File source: na.elf, type: SAMPLE
Source: Yara match	File source: 5528.1.00007fefb0017000.00007fefb002a000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY
Source: Yara match	File source: Process Memory Space: na.elf PID: 5528, type: MEMORYSTR

Yara detected Okiru

Source: Yara match	File source: na.elf, type: SAMPLE
Source: Yara match	File source: 5528.1.00007fefb0017000.00007fefb002a000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY
Source: Yara match	File source: Process Memory Space: na.elf PID: 5528, type: MEMORYSTR

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Reconnaissance	Resource Development	Initial Access	Execution	Persistence	Privilege Escalation	Defense Evasion	Credential Access	Discovery	Lateral Movement	Collection	Command and Control	Exfiltration	Impact
Gather Victim Identity Information	1 Scripting	Valid Accounts	Windows Management Instrumentation	1 Scripting	Path Interception	Direct Volume Access	OS Credential Dumping	11 Security Software Discovery	Remote Services	Data from Local System	1 Non-Application Layer Protocol	Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium	Abuse Accessibility Features
Credentials	Domains	Default Accounts	Scheduled Task/Job	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Rootkit	LSASS Memory	Application Window Discovery	Remote Desktop Protocol	Data from Removable Media	1 Application Layer Protocol	Exfiltration Over Bluetooth	Network Denial of Service

Malware Configuration

⊘No configs have been found

Behavior Graph

Hide Legend

Legend:

Process
Signature
Created File
DNS/IP Info
Is Dropped
Number of created Files
Is malicious
Internet

Source	Detection	Scanner	Label	Link
na.elf	61%	ReversingLabs	Linux.Backdoor.Mirai
na.elf	100%	Avira	EXP/ELF.Mirai.Bootnet.o

Name	IP	Active	Malicious	Antivirus Detection	Reputation
daisy.ubuntu.com	162.213.35.24	true	false		unknown

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
daisy.ubuntu.com	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.24
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	162.213.35.24
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.24
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	162.213.35.25
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Sliver	Browse	162.213.35.25
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.24
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	162.213.35.25
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.24
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25

File type:	ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, EABI4 version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, stripped
Entropy (8bit):	6.113463345539117
TrID:	ELF Executable and Linkable format (generic) (4004/1) 100.00%
File name:	na.elf
File size:	75'524 bytes
MD5:	9426bb39167da62b60d404358c60703a
SHA1:	381ef6fd0d306d06210fad1c3cb363a3af519364
SHA256:	1dbe89b574dc948b010028fc9948ac9d58c10b1295eb51d5d31dfd26e7f80de8
SHA512:	4fff3fb81115bc7002436e89397fc9a12c81cc1669f6fe8034d1a48ebdcad041b74a40a3e2ba0197be5c3a73999ca409a4293e1fd06141b77cc674875ee9f9bd
SSDEEP:	1536:1GnGLmmKOVLMieS9aEPIao1u2TeanPZDG3GM4i+g/s2Q5tYrEx:BxKSNeOXjx2TeanTg/s2QLwI
TLSH:	B0731956B8C14B12C5D512BAFE2E018D3313676CE3DF72129D20AF247BCA96B0E7B915
File Content Preview:	.ELF..............(.....T...4...$%......4. ...(.....................8!..8!..............<!..<!..8!..x...............Q.td..................................-...L..................@-.,@...0....S..... 0....S.........../..0...0...@..../..$......8!....-.@0....S

Static ELF Info

ELF header
Class:	ELF32
Data:	2's complement, little endian
Version:	1 (current)
Machine:	ARM
Version Number:	0x1
Type:	EXEC (Executable file)
OS/ABI:	UNIX - System V
ABI Version:	0
Entry Point Address:	0x8154
Flags:	0x4000002
ELF Header Size:	52
Program Header Offset:	52
Program Header Size:	32
Number of Program Headers:	3
Section Header Offset:	75044
Section Header Size:	40
Number of Section Headers:	12
Header String Table Index:	11

Sections

Name	Type	Address	Offset	Size	EntSize	Flags	Flags Description	Align
	NULL	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0		0
.init	PROGBITS	0x8094	0x94	0x10	0x0	0x6	AX	4
.text	PROGBITS	0x80b0	0xb0	0x10a6c	0x0	0x6	AX	16
.fini	PROGBITS	0x18b1c	0x10b1c	0x10	0x0	0x6	AX	4
.rodata	PROGBITS	0x18b30	0x10b30	0x1608	0x0	0x2	A	8
.init_array	INIT_ARRAY	0x2213c	0x12140	0x4	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.fini_array	FINI_ARRAY	0x22140	0x12144	0x4	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.got	PROGBITS	0x22148	0x1214c	0x74	0x4	0x3	WA	4
.data	PROGBITS	0x221bc	0x121c0	0x2f4	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.bss	NOBITS	0x224b0	0x124b4	0x25a4	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.ARM.attributes	ARM_ATTRIBUTES	0x0	0x124b4	0x10	0x0	0x0		1
.shstrtab	STRTAB	0x0	0x124c4	0x5d	0x0	0x0		1

Program Segments

Type	Offset	Virtual Address	Physical Address	File Size	Memory Size	Entropy	Flags	Flags Description	Align	Section Mappings
LOAD	0x0	0x8000	0x8000	0x12138	0x12138	6.1393	0x5	R E	0x8000	.init .text .fini .rodata
LOAD	0x1213c	0x2213c	0x22138	0x378	0xa918	3.2927	0x6	RW	0x8000	.init_array .fini_array .got .data .bss
GNU_STACK	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0.0000	0x7	RWE	0x4

Timestamp	Source Port	Dest Port	Source IP	Dest IP
Oct 6, 2024 22:20:17.749830008 CEST	59681	53	192.168.2.15	1.1.1.1
Oct 6, 2024 22:20:17.749830008 CEST	34323	53	192.168.2.15	1.1.1.1
Oct 6, 2024 22:20:17.756639957 CEST	53	34323	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.15
Oct 6, 2024 22:20:17.757680893 CEST	53	59681	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.15

DNS Queries

Timestamp	Source IP	Dest IP	Trans ID	OP Code	Name	Type	Class	DNS over HTTPS
Oct 6, 2024 22:20:17.749830008 CEST	192.168.2.15	1.1.1.1	0xe027	Standard query (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false
Oct 6, 2024 22:20:17.749830008 CEST	192.168.2.15	1.1.1.1	0x9287	Standard query (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com	28	IN (0x0001)	false

DNS Answers

Timestamp	Source IP	Dest IP	Trans ID	Reply Code	Name	CName	Address	Type	Class	DNS over HTTPS
Oct 6, 2024 22:20:17.757680893 CEST	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.15	0xe027	No error (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com		162.213.35.24	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false
Oct 6, 2024 22:20:17.757680893 CEST	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.15	0xe027	No error (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com		162.213.35.25	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false

System Behavior

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 5528, Parent PID: 5450

General

Start time (UTC):	20:20:15
Start date (UTC):	06/10/2024
Path:	/tmp/na.elf
Arguments:	/tmp/na.elf
File size:	4956856 bytes
MD5 hash:	5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1

Description:	This technique has been deprecated. Please use Command and Scripting Interpreter where appropriate.
Tactics:	Defense Evasion, Execution
Data Sources:
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. This may include things such as firewall rules and anti-virus. Adversaries may use the information from Security Software Discovery during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.
Tactics:	Discovery
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, Firewall: Firewall Enumeration, Firewall: Firewall Metadata, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation
Platforms:	Azure AD, Google Workspace, IaaS, Linux, macOS, Office 365, SaaS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may use an OSI non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2 server or among infected hosts within a network. The list of possible protocols is extensive.Specific examples include use of network layer protocols, such as the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), transport layer protocols, such as the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), session layer protocols, such as Socket Secure (SOCKS), as well as redirected/tunneled protocols, such as Serial over LAN (SOL).
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Network, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may communicate using OSI application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Behavior Section

Behavior Chronological

Disassembly

Uncategorized

Graph

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Warning!

Linux Analysis Report na.elf

Overview

General Information

Detection

Signatures

Classification

General Information

Warnings

Runtime Messages

Process Tree

Malware Threat Intel

Yara Signatures

Initial Sample

Memory Dumps

Suricata Signatures

Joe Sandbox Signatures

AV Detection

Spreading

Networking

System Summary

Malware Analysis System Evasion

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Remote Access Functionality

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Malware Configuration

Behavior Graph

Screenshots

Thumbnails

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Dropped Files

Domains

URLs

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

World Map of Contacted IPs

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Domains

ASNs

JA3 Fingerprints

Dropped Files

Created / dropped Files

Static File Info

General

Static ELF Info

ELF header

Sections

Program Segments

Network Behavior

Network Port Distribution

UDP Packets

DNS Queries

DNS Answers

System Behavior

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 5528, Parent PID: 5450

General

Chronological Activities

Linux Analysis Report
na.elf