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Linux Analysis Report
na.elf

Overview

General Information

Sample name:	na.elf
Analysis ID:	1527224
MD5:	691d3b14d7494cb1c9a00a7a7156342f
SHA1:	913c0e5bc7d08fea78c1b7cd6612c24bcc610653
SHA256:	01ba1777c81897ef112cbc0e7841463dc3a2aee2079c90f2a08f01bf41e42e77
Tags:	elfMiraiuser-abuse_ch
Infos:

Detection

Mirai

Score:	76
Range:	0 - 100
Whitelisted:	false

Signatures

Malicious sample detected (through community Yara rule)

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Yara detected Mirai

Sample is packed with UPX

ELF contains segments with high entropy indicating compressed/encrypted content

Sample contains only a LOAD segment without any section mappings

Tries to connect to HTTP servers, but all servers are down (expired dropper behavior)

Uses the "uname" system call to query kernel version information (possible evasion)

Yara signature match

Classification

General Information

Joe Sandbox version:	41.0.0 Charoite
Analysis ID:	1527224
Start date and time:	2024-10-06 22:03:03 +02:00
Joe Sandbox product:	CloudBasic
Overall analysis duration:	0h 4m 30s
Hypervisor based Inspection enabled:	false
Report type:	full
Cookbook file name:	defaultlinuxfilecookbook.jbs
Analysis system description:	Ubuntu Linux 20.04 x64 (Kernel 5.4.0-72, Firefox 91.0, Evince Document Viewer 3.36.10, LibreOffice 6.4.7.2, OpenJDK 11.0.11)
Analysis Mode:	default
Sample name:	na.elf
Detection:	MAL
Classification:	mal76.troj.evad.linELF@0/0@0/0

Warnings

VT rate limit hit for: na.elf

Runtime Messages

Command:	/tmp/na.elf
PID:	6235
Exit Code:	127
Exit Code Info:
Killed:	False
Standard Output:
Standard Error:

Process Tree

system is lnxubuntu20

na.elf (PID: 6235, Parent: 6160, MD5: 5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1) Arguments: /tmp/na.elf

cleanup

Malware Threat Intel

Provided by

Name	Description	Attribution	Blogpost URLs	Link
Mirai	Mirai is one of the first significant botnets targeting exposed networking devices running Linux. Found in August 2016 by MalwareMustDie, its name means "future" in Japanese. Nowadays it targets a wide range of networked embedded devices such as IP cameras, home routers (many vendors involved), and other IoT devices. Since the source code was published on "Hack Forums" many variants of the Mirai family appeared, infecting mostly home networks all around the world.	No Attribution	http://osint.bambenekconsulting.com/feeds/ http://www.simonroses.com/2016/10/mirai-ddos-botnet-source-code-binary-analysis/ https://blog.malwaremustdie.org/2020/02/mmd-0065-2021-linuxmirai-fbot-re.html https://blog.netlab.360.com/another-lilin-dvr-0-day-being-used-to-spread-mirai-en/ https://blog.netlab.360.com/mirai_ptea-botnet-is-exploiting-undisclosed-kguard-dvr-vulnerability-en/	https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/elf.mirai

Yara Signatures

Memory Dumps

Source	Rule	Description	Author	Strings
6235.1.00007ff1a8017000.00007ff1a8026000.r-x.sdmp	JoeSecurity_Mirai_9	Yara detected Mirai	Joe Security
6235.1.00007ff1a8017000.00007ff1a8026000.r-x.sdmp	JoeSecurity_Mirai_5	Yara detected Mirai	Joe Security
6235.1.00007ff1a8017000.00007ff1a8026000.r-x.sdmp	Mirai_Botnet_Malware	Detects Mirai Botnet Malware	Florian Roth	0xd91c:$x1: POST /cdn-cgi/ 0xdde0:$s1: LCOGQGPTGP
6235.1.00007ff1a8017000.00007ff1a8026000.r-x.sdmp	MAL_ELF_LNX_Mirai_Oct10_2	Detects ELF malware Mirai related	Florian Roth	0xd91c:$c01: 50 4F 53 54 20 2F 63 64 6E 2D 63 67 69 2F 00 00 20 48 54 54 50 2F 31 2E 31 0D 0A 55 73 65 72 2D 41 67 65 6E 74 3A 20 00 0D 0A 48 6F 73 74 3A
Process Memory Space: na.elf PID: 6235	JoeSecurity_Mirai_9	Yara detected Mirai	Joe Security

Suricata Signatures

⊘No Suricata rule has matched

Joe Sandbox Signatures

Click to jump to signature section

Show All Signature Results

AV Detection

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Source: na.elf

ReversingLabs: Detection: 55%

Source: global traffic	TCP traffic: 192.168.2.23:43928 -> 91.189.91.42:443
Source: global traffic	TCP traffic: 192.168.2.23:42836 -> 91.189.91.43:443
Source: global traffic	TCP traffic: 192.168.2.23:42516 -> 109.202.202.202:80

Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.43
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 109.202.202.202
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.43
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 109.202.202.202
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42

Source: na.elf

String found in binary or memory: http://upx.sf.net

Source: unknown	Network traffic detected: HTTP traffic on port 43928 -> 443
Source: unknown	Network traffic detected: HTTP traffic on port 42836 -> 443

System Summary

Malicious sample detected (through community Yara rule)

Source: 6235.1.00007ff1a8017000.00007ff1a8026000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY	Matched rule: Detects Mirai Botnet Malware Author: Florian Roth
Source: 6235.1.00007ff1a8017000.00007ff1a8026000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY	Matched rule: Detects ELF malware Mirai related Author: Florian Roth

Source: LOAD without section mappings

Program segment: 0x8000

Source: 6235.1.00007ff1a8017000.00007ff1a8026000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY	Matched rule: Mirai_Botnet_Malware date = 2016-10-04, hash5 = 420bf9215dfb04e5008c5e522eee9946599e2b323b17f17919cd802ebb012175, hash4 = 2efa09c124f277be2199bee58f49fc0ce6c64c0bef30079dfb3d94a6de492a69, hash3 = 20683ff7a5fec1237fc09224af40be029b9548c62c693844624089af568c89d4, hash2 = 05c78c3052b390435e53a87e3d31e9fb17f7c76bb4df2814313bca24735ce81c, hash1 = 05c78c3052b390435e53a87e3d31e9fb17f7c76bb4df2814313bca24735ce81c, author = Florian Roth, description = Detects Mirai Botnet Malware, hash10 = c61bf95146c68bfbbe01d7695337ed0e93ea759f59f651799f07eecdb339f83f, hash11 = d9573c3850e2ae35f371dff977fc3e5282a5e67db8e3274fd7818e8273fd5c89, hash12 = f1100c84abff05e0501e77781160d9815628e7fd2de9e53f5454dbcac7c84ca5, hash9 = bf0471b37dba7939524a30d7d5afc8fcfb8d4a7c9954343196737e72ea4e2dc4, hash8 = 89570ae59462e6472b6769545a999bde8457e47ae0d385caaa3499ab735b8147, hash7 = 70bb0ec35dd9afcfd52ec4e1d920e7045dc51dca0573cd4c753987c9d79405c0, hash6 = 62cdc8b7fffbaf5683a466f6503c03e68a15413a90f6afd5a13ba027631460c6, reference = Internal Research, license = https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/, hash13 = fb713ccf839362bf0fbe01aedd6796f4d74521b133011b408e42c1fd9ab8246b
Source: 6235.1.00007ff1a8017000.00007ff1a8026000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY	Matched rule: MAL_ELF_LNX_Mirai_Oct10_2 date = 2018-10-27, hash1 = fa0018e75f503f9748a5de0d14d4358db234f65e28c31c8d5878cc58807081c9, author = Florian Roth, description = Detects ELF malware Mirai related, reference = Internal Research

Source: classification engine

Classification label: mal76.troj.evad.linELF@0/0@0/0

Data Obfuscation

Sample is packed with UPX

Source: initial sample	String containing UPX found: $Info: This file is packed with the UPX executable packer http://upx.sf.net $
Source: initial sample	String containing UPX found: $Info: This file is packed with the UPX executable packer http://upx.sf.net $
Source: initial sample	String containing UPX found: $Id: UPX 3.94 Copyright (C) 1996-2017 the UPX Team. All Rights Reserved. $

Source: na.elf

Submission file: segment LOAD with 7.9371 entropy (max. 8.0)

Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 6235)

Queries kernel information via 'uname':

Jump to behavior

Source: na.elf, 6235.1.00007ffdb9661000.00007ffdb9682000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: kkx86_64/usr/bin/qemu-arm/tmp/na.elfSUDO_USER=saturninoPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/binDISPLAY=:1.0XAUTHORITY=/run/user/1000/gdm/XauthoritySUDO_UID=1000TERM=xterm-256colorCOLORTERM=truecolorLOGNAME=rootUSER=rootLANG=en_US.UTF-8SUDO_COMMAND=/bin/bashHOME=/rootMAIL=/var/mail/rootSUDO_GID=1000SHELL=/bin/bash/tmp/na.elf
Source: na.elf, 6235.1.000055e498441000.000055e4985af000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: U!/etc/qemu-binfmt/arm
Source: na.elf, 6235.1.000055e498441000.000055e4985af000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /etc/qemu-binfmt/arm
Source: na.elf, 6235.1.00007ffdb9661000.00007ffdb9682000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /usr/bin/qemu-arm

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Yara detected Mirai

Source: Yara match	File source: 6235.1.00007ff1a8017000.00007ff1a8026000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY
Source: Yara match	File source: Process Memory Space: na.elf PID: 6235, type: MEMORYSTR

Remote Access Functionality

Yara detected Mirai

Source: Yara match	File source: 6235.1.00007ff1a8017000.00007ff1a8026000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY
Source: Yara match	File source: Process Memory Space: na.elf PID: 6235, type: MEMORYSTR

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Reconnaissance	Resource Development	Initial Access	Execution	Persistence	Privilege Escalation	Defense Evasion	Credential Access	Discovery	Lateral Movement	Collection	Command and Control	Exfiltration	Impact
Gather Victim Identity Information	Acquire Infrastructure	Valid Accounts	Windows Management Instrumentation	Path Interception	Path Interception	11 Obfuscated Files or Information	OS Credential Dumping	11 Security Software Discovery	Remote Services	Data from Local System	1 Encrypted Channel	Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium	Abuse Accessibility Features
Credentials	Domains	Default Accounts	Scheduled Task/Job	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Rootkit	LSASS Memory	Application Window Discovery	Remote Desktop Protocol	Data from Removable Media	1 Application Layer Protocol	Exfiltration Over Bluetooth	Network Denial of Service

Malware Configuration

⊘No configs have been found

Behavior Graph

Hide Legend

Legend:

Process
Signature
Created File
DNS/IP Info
Is Dropped
Number of created Files
Is malicious
Internet

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Source	Detection	Scanner	Label	Link
na.elf	55%	ReversingLabs	Linux.Trojan.Mirai

Dropped Files

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains

⊘No Antivirus matches

URLs

Source	Detection	Scanner	Label	Link
http://upx.sf.net	0%	URL Reputation	safe

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

⊘No contacted domains info

URLs from Memory and Binaries

Name	Source	Malicious	Antivirus Detection	Reputation
http://upx.sf.net	na.elf	true	URL Reputation: safe	unknown

World Map of Contacted IPs

No. of IPs < 25%
25% < No. of IPs < 50%
50% < No. of IPs < 75%
75% < No. of IPs

Public IPs

IP	Domain	Country	ASN	ASN Name	Malicious
109.202.202.202	unknown	Switzerland	13030	INIT7CH	false
91.189.91.43	unknown	United Kingdom	41231	CANONICAL-ASGB	false
91.189.91.42	unknown	United Kingdom	41231	CANONICAL-ASGB	false

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
109.202.202.202	kpLwzBouH4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	ch.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/f/firefox/firefox_92.0%2bbuild3-0ubuntu0.20.04.1_amd64.deb
91.189.91.43	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
91.189.91.42	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse

Domains

⊘No context

ASNs

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
CANONICAL-ASGB	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	185.125.190.26
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	185.125.190.26
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse	185.125.190.26
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse	91.189.91.42
CANONICAL-ASGB	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	185.125.190.26
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	185.125.190.26
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse	185.125.190.26
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse	91.189.91.42
INIT7CH	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse	109.202.202.202
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse	109.202.202.202
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse	109.202.202.202
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse	109.202.202.202
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202

JA3 Fingerprints

⊘No context

Dropped Files

⊘No context

Created / dropped Files

⊘No created / dropped files found

Static File Info

General

File type:	ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (ARM), statically linked, no section header
Entropy (8bit):	7.9343769441355025
TrID:	ELF Executable and Linkable format (generic) (4004/1) 100.00%
File name:	na.elf
File size:	26'296 bytes
MD5:	691d3b14d7494cb1c9a00a7a7156342f
SHA1:	913c0e5bc7d08fea78c1b7cd6612c24bcc610653
SHA256:	01ba1777c81897ef112cbc0e7841463dc3a2aee2079c90f2a08f01bf41e42e77
SHA512:	c9ad3f6fc74f8315dd9fd6ac424236f19ba75604bf8a35e7c88955f31e0f1d339b1354ec1f8c5f401369993b122c866c38e405e10e0ae43ad2006250b9dfc30a
SSDEEP:	384:qda751FK5G+8qsM9poBAYYKN3gB6OzKRHMAyEZjvX4qw2HAE0v7++hymdGUop5h4:qc75KMu5z6sOj4qPys3Uoznu
TLSH:	50C2D021670B6435D6F04078C990C29971AE576CE2DBF22638440E3CBA5A95E71FDE8E
File Content Preview:	.ELF...a..........(.........4...........4. ...(.....................Ge..Ge...............k..........................Q.td..............................CvUPX!........X...X.......p..........?.E.h;.}...^......>...g...p..-.(A..i.7....?}...B...........:~;......

Static ELF Info

ELF header
Class:	ELF32
Data:	2's complement, little endian
Version:	1 (current)
Machine:	ARM
Version Number:	0x1
Type:	EXEC (Executable file)
OS/ABI:	ARM - ABI
ABI Version:	0
Entry Point Address:	0xd398
Flags:	0x2
ELF Header Size:	52
Program Header Offset:	52
Program Header Size:	32
Number of Program Headers:	3
Section Header Offset:	0
Section Header Size:	40
Number of Section Headers:	0
Header String Table Index:	0

Program Segments

Type	Offset	Virtual Address	Physical Address	File Size	Memory Size	Entropy	Flags	Flags Description	Align
LOAD	0x0	0x8000	0x8000	0x6547	0x6547	7.9371	0x5	R E	0x8000
LOAD	0x6b08	0x1eb08	0x1eb08	0x0	0x0	0.0000	0x6	RW	0x8000
GNU_STACK	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0.0000	0x7	RWE	0x4

Network Behavior

Network Port Distribution

TCP Packets

Timestamp	Source Port	Dest Port	Source IP	Dest IP
Oct 6, 2024 22:03:49.147526026 CEST	43928	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.42
Oct 6, 2024 22:03:54.518357992 CEST	42836	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.43
Oct 6, 2024 22:03:56.054086924 CEST	42516	80	192.168.2.23	109.202.202.202
Oct 6, 2024 22:04:09.108361959 CEST	43928	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.42
Oct 6, 2024 22:04:21.394689083 CEST	42836	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.43
Oct 6, 2024 22:04:25.490127087 CEST	42516	80	192.168.2.23	109.202.202.202
Oct 6, 2024 22:04:50.062937021 CEST	43928	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.42

System Behavior

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 6235, Parent PID: 6160

General

Start time (UTC):	20:03:47
Start date (UTC):	06/10/2024
Path:	/tmp/na.elf
Arguments:	/tmp/na.elf
File size:	4956856 bytes
MD5 hash:	5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to make an executable or file difficult to discover or analyze by encrypting, encoding, or otherwise obfuscating its contents on the system or in transit. This is common behavior that can be used across different platforms and the network to evade defenses.
Tactics:	Defense Evasion
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, File: File Creation, File: File Metadata, Module: Module Load, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation, Script: Script Execution, WMI: WMI Creation, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. This may include things such as firewall rules and anti-virus. Adversaries may use the information from Security Software Discovery during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.
Tactics:	Discovery
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, Firewall: Firewall Enumeration, Firewall: Firewall Metadata, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation
Platforms:	Azure AD, Google Workspace, IaaS, Linux, macOS, Office 365, SaaS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may employ a known encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Despite the use of a secure algorithm, these implementations may be vulnerable to reverse engineering if secret keys are encoded and/or generated within malware samples/configuration files.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may communicate using OSI application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Behavior Section

Behavior Chronological

Disassembly

Uncategorized

Graph

Loading Joe Sandbox Report ...

Warning!

Linux Analysis Report na.elf

Overview

General Information

Detection

Signatures

Classification

General Information

Warnings

Runtime Messages

Process Tree

Malware Threat Intel

Yara Signatures

Memory Dumps

Suricata Signatures

Joe Sandbox Signatures

AV Detection

Networking

System Summary

Data Obfuscation

Hooking and other Techniques for Hiding and Protection

Malware Analysis System Evasion

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Remote Access Functionality

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Malware Configuration

Behavior Graph

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Dropped Files

Domains

URLs

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

URLs from Memory and Binaries

World Map of Contacted IPs

Public IPs

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Domains

ASNs

JA3 Fingerprints

Dropped Files

Created / dropped Files

Static File Info

General

Static ELF Info

ELF header

Program Segments

Network Behavior

Network Port Distribution

TCP Packets

System Behavior

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 6235, Parent PID: 6160

General

Chronological Activities

Linux Analysis Report
na.elf