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Linux Analysis Report
firmware.mips.elf

Overview

General Information

Sample name:	firmware.mips.elf
Analysis ID:	1502460
MD5:	bcae0ad478a4924fab82304db8203eed
SHA1:	2e4c52e260bfdaab1f317860ce9455d7a80519e6
SHA256:	7e9239395e7fa0547d8782ecf1b6213ebdab113095406702fb076741f9e51907
Tags:	elffirmware
Infos:

Detection

Score:	64
Range:	0 - 100
Whitelisted:	false

Signatures

Antivirus / Scanner detection for submitted sample

Malicious sample detected (through community Yara rule)

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Sample has stripped symbol table

Uses the "uname" system call to query kernel version information (possible evasion)

Yara signature match

Classification

General Information

Joe Sandbox version:	40.0.0 Tourmaline
Analysis ID:	1502460
Start date and time:	2024-09-01 17:34:40 +02:00
Joe Sandbox product:	CloudBasic
Overall analysis duration:	0h 8m 48s
Hypervisor based Inspection enabled:	false
Report type:	full
Cookbook file name:	defaultlinuxfilecookbook.jbs
Analysis system description:	Ubuntu Linux 20.04 x64 (Kernel 5.4.0-72, Firefox 91.0, Evince Document Viewer 3.36.10, LibreOffice 6.4.7.2, OpenJDK 11.0.11)
Analysis Mode:	default
Sample name:	firmware.mips.elf
Detection:	MAL
Classification:	mal64.linELF@0/1@2/0

Runtime Messages

Command:	/tmp/firmware.mips.elf
PID:	5825
Exit Code:
Exit Code Info:
Killed:	True
Standard Output:	Firmware Upgraded
Standard Error:

Process Tree

system is lnxubuntu20

firmware.mips.elf (PID: 5825, Parent: 5632, MD5: 0083f1f0e77be34ad27f849842bbb00c) Arguments: /tmp/firmware.mips.elf

cleanup

Yara Signatures

Initial Sample

Source	Rule	Description	Author	Strings
firmware.mips.elf	Mirai_Botnet_Malware	Detects Mirai Botnet Malware	Florian Roth	0x221c6:$x5: .mdebug.abi32 0x1f548:$s1: LCOGQGPTGP 0x1ef30:$s3: CFOKLKQVPCVMP 0x1f16c:$s4: QWRGPTKQMP 0x1f0dc:$s5: HWCLVGAJ

Memory Dumps

Source	Rule	Description	Author	Strings
5825.1.00007efc44400000.00007efc44422000.r-x.sdmp	Mirai_Botnet_Malware	Detects Mirai Botnet Malware	Florian Roth	0x1f548:$s1: LCOGQGPTGP 0x1ef30:$s3: CFOKLKQVPCVMP 0x1f16c:$s4: QWRGPTKQMP 0x1f0dc:$s5: HWCLVGAJ

Suricata Signatures

⊘No Suricata rule has matched

Joe Sandbox Signatures

Click to jump to signature section

Show All Signature Results

AV Detection

Antivirus / Scanner detection for submitted sample

Source: firmware.mips.elf

Avira: detected

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Source: firmware.mips.elf	ReversingLabs: Detection: 52%
Source: firmware.mips.elf	Virustotal: Detection: 53%			Perma Link

Source: unknown	UDP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 1.1.1.1
Source: unknown	UDP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 1.1.1.1

Source: global traffic

DNS traffic detected: DNS query: daisy.ubuntu.com

System Summary

Malicious sample detected (through community Yara rule)

Source: firmware.mips.elf, type: SAMPLE	Matched rule: Detects Mirai Botnet Malware Author: Florian Roth
Source: 5825.1.00007efc44400000.00007efc44422000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY	Matched rule: Detects Mirai Botnet Malware Author: Florian Roth

Source: ELF static info symbol of initial sample

.symtab present: no

Source: firmware.mips.elf, type: SAMPLE	Matched rule: Mirai_Botnet_Malware date = 2016-10-04, hash5 = 420bf9215dfb04e5008c5e522eee9946599e2b323b17f17919cd802ebb012175, hash4 = 2efa09c124f277be2199bee58f49fc0ce6c64c0bef30079dfb3d94a6de492a69, hash3 = 20683ff7a5fec1237fc09224af40be029b9548c62c693844624089af568c89d4, hash2 = 05c78c3052b390435e53a87e3d31e9fb17f7c76bb4df2814313bca24735ce81c, hash1 = 05c78c3052b390435e53a87e3d31e9fb17f7c76bb4df2814313bca24735ce81c, author = Florian Roth, description = Detects Mirai Botnet Malware, hash10 = c61bf95146c68bfbbe01d7695337ed0e93ea759f59f651799f07eecdb339f83f, hash11 = d9573c3850e2ae35f371dff977fc3e5282a5e67db8e3274fd7818e8273fd5c89, hash12 = f1100c84abff05e0501e77781160d9815628e7fd2de9e53f5454dbcac7c84ca5, hash9 = bf0471b37dba7939524a30d7d5afc8fcfb8d4a7c9954343196737e72ea4e2dc4, hash8 = 89570ae59462e6472b6769545a999bde8457e47ae0d385caaa3499ab735b8147, hash7 = 70bb0ec35dd9afcfd52ec4e1d920e7045dc51dca0573cd4c753987c9d79405c0, hash6 = 62cdc8b7fffbaf5683a466f6503c03e68a15413a90f6afd5a13ba027631460c6, reference = Internal Research, license = https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/, hash13 = fb713ccf839362bf0fbe01aedd6796f4d74521b133011b408e42c1fd9ab8246b
Source: 5825.1.00007efc44400000.00007efc44422000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY	Matched rule: Mirai_Botnet_Malware date = 2016-10-04, hash5 = 420bf9215dfb04e5008c5e522eee9946599e2b323b17f17919cd802ebb012175, hash4 = 2efa09c124f277be2199bee58f49fc0ce6c64c0bef30079dfb3d94a6de492a69, hash3 = 20683ff7a5fec1237fc09224af40be029b9548c62c693844624089af568c89d4, hash2 = 05c78c3052b390435e53a87e3d31e9fb17f7c76bb4df2814313bca24735ce81c, hash1 = 05c78c3052b390435e53a87e3d31e9fb17f7c76bb4df2814313bca24735ce81c, author = Florian Roth, description = Detects Mirai Botnet Malware, hash10 = c61bf95146c68bfbbe01d7695337ed0e93ea759f59f651799f07eecdb339f83f, hash11 = d9573c3850e2ae35f371dff977fc3e5282a5e67db8e3274fd7818e8273fd5c89, hash12 = f1100c84abff05e0501e77781160d9815628e7fd2de9e53f5454dbcac7c84ca5, hash9 = bf0471b37dba7939524a30d7d5afc8fcfb8d4a7c9954343196737e72ea4e2dc4, hash8 = 89570ae59462e6472b6769545a999bde8457e47ae0d385caaa3499ab735b8147, hash7 = 70bb0ec35dd9afcfd52ec4e1d920e7045dc51dca0573cd4c753987c9d79405c0, hash6 = 62cdc8b7fffbaf5683a466f6503c03e68a15413a90f6afd5a13ba027631460c6, reference = Internal Research, license = https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/, hash13 = fb713ccf839362bf0fbe01aedd6796f4d74521b133011b408e42c1fd9ab8246b

Source: classification engine

Classification label: mal64.linELF@0/1@2/0

Source: /tmp/firmware.mips.elf (PID: 5825)

Queries kernel information via 'uname':

Jump to behavior

Source: firmware.mips.elf, 5825.1.00007ffe2fed3000.00007ffe2fef4000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: x86_64/usr/bin/qemu-mips/tmp/firmware.mips.elfSUDO_USER=saturninoPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/binDISPLAY=:1.0XAUTHORITY=/run/user/1000/gdm/XauthoritySUDO_UID=1000TERM=xterm-256colorCOLORTERM=truecolorLOGNAME=rootUSER=rootLANG=en_US.UTF-8SUDO_COMMAND=/bin/bashHOME=/rootMAIL=/var/mail/rootSUDO_GID=1000SHELL=/bin/bash/tmp/firmware.mips.elf
Source: firmware.mips.elf, 5825.1.000055d8c514f000.000055d8c51d6000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: U!/etc/qemu-binfmt/mips
Source: firmware.mips.elf, 5825.1.000055d8c514f000.000055d8c51d6000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /etc/qemu-binfmt/mips
Source: firmware.mips.elf, 5825.1.00007ffe2fed3000.00007ffe2fef4000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /usr/bin/qemu-mips

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Reconnaissance	Resource Development	Initial Access	Execution	Persistence	Privilege Escalation	Defense Evasion	Credential Access	Discovery	Lateral Movement	Collection	Command and Control	Exfiltration	Impact
Gather Victim Identity Information	Acquire Infrastructure	Valid Accounts	Windows Management Instrumentation	Path Interception	Path Interception	Direct Volume Access	OS Credential Dumping	11 Security Software Discovery	Remote Services	Data from Local System	1 Non-Application Layer Protocol	Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium	Abuse Accessibility Features
Credentials	Domains	Default Accounts	Scheduled Task/Job	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Rootkit	LSASS Memory	Application Window Discovery	Remote Desktop Protocol	Data from Removable Media	1 Application Layer Protocol	Exfiltration Over Bluetooth	Network Denial of Service

Malware Configuration

⊘No configs have been found

Behavior Graph

Hide Legend

Legend:

Process
Signature
Created File
DNS/IP Info
Is Dropped
Number of created Files
Is malicious
Internet

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Source	Detection	Scanner	Label	Link
firmware.mips.elf	53%	ReversingLabs	Linux.Trojan.Mirai
firmware.mips.elf	53%	Virustotal		Browse
firmware.mips.elf	100%	Avira	LINUX/Mirai.bonb

Dropped Files

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains

Source	Detection	Scanner	Label	Link
daisy.ubuntu.com	0%	Virustotal		Browse

URLs

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

Name	IP	Active	Malicious	Antivirus Detection	Reputation
daisy.ubuntu.com	162.213.35.25	true	false	0%, Virustotal, Browse	unknown

World Map of Contacted IPs

⊘No contacted IP infos

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

⊘No context

Domains

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
daisy.ubuntu.com	firmware.mipsel.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	162.213.35.25
	firmware.powerpc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	162.213.35.24
	firmware.arm-linux-gnueabihf.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	162.213.35.25
	firmware.sparc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	162.213.35.24
	SecuriteInfo.com.Linux.Siggen.9999.5622.5080.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25
	SecuriteInfo.com.Linux.Siggen.9999.12346.8960.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25
	SecuriteInfo.com.Linux.Siggen.9999.18582.17843.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25
	SecuriteInfo.com.Linux.Siggen.9999.127.12108.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25
	SecuriteInfo.com.Linux.Siggen.9999.9304.22091.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25
	bot.arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Okiru	Browse	162.213.35.25

ASNs

⊘No context

JA3 Fingerprints

⊘No context

Dropped Files

⊘No context

Created / dropped Files

/etc/d

Download File

Process:	/tmp/firmware.mips.elf
File Type:	ASCII text
Category:	dropped
Size (bytes):	10
Entropy (8bit):	2.6464393446710157
Encrypted:	false
SSDEEP:	3:glD:glD
MD5:	7A009A98A42C6BC243383D82DAB2EAB6
SHA1:	877F4AB10CB96C4120F24D4244F17B4879D8256D
SHA-256:	90D8B08B22B8DCC4115DDBA4C712D8BBED5D235C931C2E97B514B414364FFBF3
SHA-512:	F86E44C6DF185FD4C6E6F947BFFDCDDCE4A8605C371E7278B8B5384D83E652051AF39AE6EAF691F639417B54B348E25ABB9FAD5E4A59EBCF5679CC368C0B3CF6
Malicious:	false
Reputation:	low
Preview:	947397910.

Static File Info

General

File type:	ELF 32-bit MSB executable, MIPS, MIPS-I version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, stripped
Entropy (8bit):	5.605964363539695
TrID:	ELF Executable and Linkable format (generic) (4004/1) 100.00%
File name:	firmware.mips.elf
File size:	140'292 bytes
MD5:	bcae0ad478a4924fab82304db8203eed
SHA1:	2e4c52e260bfdaab1f317860ce9455d7a80519e6
SHA256:	7e9239395e7fa0547d8782ecf1b6213ebdab113095406702fb076741f9e51907
SHA512:	73b3a42b595ee8a298ff5dd2ee466628d99ad58625cd3791e671bf91b61acb534dcdae0e87ed279f63b07af0460440b5dec263b3aa8a3bfc47db2925c86d3cc6
SSDEEP:	3072:Hi6pT/VLzbGVfaxyrlsa8CCKMZgQGqOz3UAZchJFDM2Sf:lT/VfbGhCFWCKMZgQGqazehJm2Sf
TLSH:	50D3C70E7F319F7DFBA9873447B74A20925833D627E1D585E1ACE6101E6024E281FFA9
File Content Preview:	.ELF.....................@.`...4..!......4. ...(.............@...@...........................F...F.....l..0.........dt.Q............................<...'..\|...!'.......................<...'..X...!... ....'9... ......................<...'..(...!........'9.

Static ELF Info

ELF header
Class:	ELF32
Data:	2's complement, big endian
Version:	1 (current)
Machine:	MIPS R3000
Version Number:	0x1
Type:	EXEC (Executable file)
OS/ABI:	UNIX - System V
ABI Version:	0
Entry Point Address:	0x400260
Flags:	0x1007
ELF Header Size:	52
Program Header Offset:	52
Program Header Size:	32
Number of Program Headers:	3
Section Header Offset:	139732
Section Header Size:	40
Number of Section Headers:	14
Header String Table Index:	13

Sections

Name	Type	Address	Offset	Size	EntSize	Flags	Flags Description	Align
	NULL	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0		0
.init	PROGBITS	0x400094	0x94	0x8c	0x0	0x6	AX	4
.text	PROGBITS	0x400120	0x120	0x1eab0	0x0	0x6	AX	16
.fini	PROGBITS	0x41ebd0	0x1ebd0	0x5c	0x0	0x6	AX	4
.rodata	PROGBITS	0x41ec30	0x1ec30	0x2ad0	0x0	0x2	A	16
.ctors	PROGBITS	0x461704	0x21704	0x8	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.dtors	PROGBITS	0x46170c	0x2170c	0x8	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.data.rel.ro	PROGBITS	0x461718	0x21718	0x20	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.data	PROGBITS	0x461740	0x21740	0x3e0	0x0	0x3	WA	16
.got	PROGBITS	0x461b20	0x21b20	0x650	0x4	0x10000003	WAp	16
.sbss	NOBITS	0x462170	0x22170	0x3c	0x0	0x10000003	WAp	4
.bss	NOBITS	0x4621b0	0x22170	0x2628	0x0	0x3	WA	16
.mdebug.abi32	PROGBITS	0xd92	0x22170	0x0	0x0	0x0		1
.shstrtab	STRTAB	0x0	0x22170	0x64	0x0	0x0		1

Program Segments

Type	Offset	Virtual Address	Physical Address	File Size	Memory Size	Entropy	Flags	Flags Description	Align	Section Mappings
LOAD	0x0	0x400000	0x400000	0x21700	0x21700	5.6178	0x5	R E	0x10000	.init .text .fini .rodata
LOAD	0x21704	0x461704	0x461704	0xa6c	0x30d4	4.1691	0x6	RW	0x10000	.ctors .dtors .data.rel.ro .data .got .sbss .bss
GNU_STACK	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0.0000	0x7	RWE	0x4

Network Behavior

Network Port Distribution

UDP Packets

Timestamp	Source Port	Dest Port	Source IP	Dest IP
Sep 1, 2024 17:37:37.468103886 CEST	43796	53	192.168.2.14	8.8.8.8
Sep 1, 2024 17:37:42.472567081 CEST	55790	53	192.168.2.14	8.8.8.8
Sep 1, 2024 17:37:47.477650881 CEST	57301	53	192.168.2.14	8.8.8.8
Sep 1, 2024 17:37:52.482592106 CEST	40353	53	192.168.2.14	8.8.8.8
Sep 1, 2024 17:37:57.487638950 CEST	58954	53	192.168.2.14	8.8.8.8
Sep 1, 2024 17:38:02.492671013 CEST	46845	53	192.168.2.14	8.8.8.8
Sep 1, 2024 17:38:07.497577906 CEST	42932	53	192.168.2.14	8.8.8.8
Sep 1, 2024 17:38:12.502542019 CEST	42849	53	192.168.2.14	8.8.8.8
Sep 1, 2024 17:38:17.507487059 CEST	42354	53	192.168.2.14	8.8.8.8
Sep 1, 2024 17:40:23.340053082 CEST	55943	53	192.168.2.14	1.1.1.1
Sep 1, 2024 17:40:23.340138912 CEST	41108	53	192.168.2.14	1.1.1.1
Sep 1, 2024 17:40:23.347924948 CEST	53	41108	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.14
Sep 1, 2024 17:40:23.348732948 CEST	53	55943	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.14

DNS Queries

Timestamp	Source IP	Dest IP	Trans ID	OP Code	Name	Type	Class	DNS over HTTPS
Sep 1, 2024 17:40:23.340053082 CEST	192.168.2.14	1.1.1.1	0x254d	Standard query (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false
Sep 1, 2024 17:40:23.340138912 CEST	192.168.2.14	1.1.1.1	0xfe4b	Standard query (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com	28	IN (0x0001)	false

DNS Answers

Timestamp	Source IP	Dest IP	Trans ID	Reply Code	Name	CName	Address	Type	Class	DNS over HTTPS
Sep 1, 2024 17:40:23.348732948 CEST	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.14	0x254d	No error (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com		162.213.35.25	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false
Sep 1, 2024 17:40:23.348732948 CEST	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.14	0x254d	No error (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com		162.213.35.24	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false

System Behavior

Analysis Process: firmware.mips.elf PID: 5825, Parent PID: 5632

General

Start time (UTC):	15:37:36
Start date (UTC):	01/09/2024
Path:	/tmp/firmware.mips.elf
Arguments:	/tmp/firmware.mips.elf
File size:	5777432 bytes
MD5 hash:	0083f1f0e77be34ad27f849842bbb00c

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. This may include things such as firewall rules and anti-virus. Adversaries may use the information from Security Software Discovery during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.
Tactics:	Discovery
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, Firewall: Firewall Enumeration, Firewall: Firewall Metadata, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation
Platforms:	Azure AD, Google Workspace, IaaS, Linux, macOS, Office 365, SaaS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may use an OSI non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2 server or among infected hosts within a network. The list of possible protocols is extensive.Specific examples include use of network layer protocols, such as the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), transport layer protocols, such as the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), session layer protocols, such as Socket Secure (SOCKS), as well as redirected/tunneled protocols, such as Serial over LAN (SOL).
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Network, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may communicate using OSI application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Behavior Section

Behavior Chronological

Disassembly

Uncategorized

Graph

Loading Joe Sandbox Report ...

Warning!

Linux Analysis Report firmware.mips.elf

Overview

General Information

Detection

Signatures

Classification

General Information

Runtime Messages

Process Tree

Yara Signatures

Initial Sample

Memory Dumps

Suricata Signatures

Joe Sandbox Signatures

AV Detection

Networking

System Summary

Malware Analysis System Evasion

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Malware Configuration

Behavior Graph

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Dropped Files

Domains

URLs

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

World Map of Contacted IPs

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Domains

ASNs

JA3 Fingerprints

Dropped Files

Created / dropped Files

/etc/d

Static File Info

General

Static ELF Info

ELF header

Sections

Program Segments

Network Behavior

Network Port Distribution

UDP Packets

DNS Queries

DNS Answers

System Behavior

Analysis Process: firmware.mips.elf PID: 5825, Parent PID: 5632

General

Chronological Activities

Linux Analysis Report
firmware.mips.elf