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Linux Analysis Report
xd.arm6.elf

Overview

General Information

Sample name:	xd.arm6.elf
Analysis ID:	1655084
MD5:	9326fcfafb5901c3858ff63f2bed221c
SHA1:	208dce22fc3da536199711c50daece774cb71077
SHA256:	9a408f61e15a2b462eb0231ad0af6acbd0dd430dfe8ba1e703b786a2dcb55da4
Tags:	elfuser-abuse_ch
Infos:

Detection

Mirai

Score:	76
Range:	0 - 100

Signatures

Malicious sample detected (through community Yara rule)

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Yara detected Mirai

Sample is packed with UPX

ELF contains segments with high entropy indicating compressed/encrypted content

Sample contains only a LOAD segment without any section mappings

Uses the "uname" system call to query kernel version information (possible evasion)

Yara signature match

Classification

General Information

Joe Sandbox version:	42.0.0 Malachite
Analysis ID:	1655084
Start date and time:	2025-04-02 22:51:07 +02:00
Joe Sandbox product:	CloudBasic
Overall analysis duration:	0h 4m 34s
Hypervisor based Inspection enabled:	false
Report type:	full
Cookbook file name:	defaultlinuxfilecookbook.jbs
Analysis system description:	Ubuntu Linux 20.04 x64 (Kernel 5.4.0-72, Firefox 91.0, Evince Document Viewer 3.36.10, LibreOffice 6.4.7.2, OpenJDK 11.0.11)
Analysis Mode:	default
Sample name:	xd.arm6.elf
Detection:	MAL
Classification:	mal76.troj.evad.linELF@0/0@2/0

Runtime Messages

Command:	/tmp/xd.arm6.elf
PID:	5542
Exit Code:	139
Exit Code Info:	SIGSEGV (11) Segmentation fault invalid memory reference
Killed:	False
Standard Output:
Standard Error:	qemu: uncaught target signal 11 (Segmentation fault) - core dumped

Process Tree

system is lnxubuntu20

xd.arm6.elf (PID: 5542, Parent: 5462, MD5: 5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1) Arguments: /tmp/xd.arm6.elf

cleanup

Malware Threat Intel

Provided by

Name	Description	Attribution	Blogpost URLs	Link
Mirai	Mirai is one of the first significant botnets targeting exposed networking devices running Linux. Found in August 2016 by MalwareMustDie, its name means "future" in Japanese. Nowadays it targets a wide range of networked embedded devices such as IP cameras, home routers (many vendors involved), and other IoT devices. Since the source code was published on "Hack Forums" many variants of the Mirai family appeared, infecting mostly home networks all around the world.	No Attribution	http://osint.bambenekconsulting.com/feeds/ http://www.simonroses.com/2016/10/mirai-ddos-botnet-source-code-binary-analysis/ https://blog.malwaremustdie.org/2020/02/mmd-0065-2021-linuxmirai-fbot-re.html https://blog.netlab.360.com/another-lilin-dvr-0-day-being-used-to-spread-mirai-en/ https://blog.netlab.360.com/mirai_ptea-botnet-is-exploiting-undisclosed-kguard-dvr-vulnerability-en/	https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/elf.mirai

Yara Signatures

Memory Dumps

Source	Rule	Description	Author	Strings
5542.1.00007f1150017000.00007f115002b000.r-x.sdmp	JoeSecurity_Mirai_9	Yara detected Mirai	Joe Security
5542.1.00007f1150017000.00007f115002b000.r-x.sdmp	JoeSecurity_Mirai_5	Yara detected Mirai	Joe Security
5542.1.00007f1150017000.00007f115002b000.r-x.sdmp	Mirai_Botnet_Malware	Detects Mirai Botnet Malware	Florian Roth	0x1228c:$x1: POST /cdn-cgi/ 0x12754:$s1: LCOGQGPTGP
5542.1.00007f1150017000.00007f115002b000.r-x.sdmp	MAL_ELF_LNX_Mirai_Oct10_2	Detects ELF malware Mirai related	Florian Roth	0x1228c:$c01: 50 4F 53 54 20 2F 63 64 6E 2D 63 67 69 2F 00 00 20 48 54 54 50 2F 31 2E 31 0D 0A 55 73 65 72 2D 41 67 65 6E 74 3A 20 00 0D 0A 48 6F 73 74 3A
Process Memory Space: xd.arm6.elf PID: 5542	JoeSecurity_Mirai_9	Yara detected Mirai	Joe Security

Suricata Signatures

⊘No Suricata rule has matched

Joe Sandbox Signatures

• AV Detection
• Networking
• System Summary
• Data Obfuscation
• Hooking and other Techniques for Hiding and Protection
• Malware Analysis System Evasion
• Stealing of Sensitive Information
• Remote Access Functionality

Click to jump to signature section

Show All Signature Results

AV Detection

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Source: xd.arm6.elf

ReversingLabs: Detection: 58%

Source: global traffic

DNS traffic detected: DNS query: daisy.ubuntu.com

Source: xd.arm6.elf

String found in binary or memory: http://upx.sf.net

System Summary

Malicious sample detected (through community Yara rule)

Source: 5542.1.00007f1150017000.00007f115002b000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY	Matched rule: Detects Mirai Botnet Malware Author: Florian Roth
Source: 5542.1.00007f1150017000.00007f115002b000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY	Matched rule: Detects ELF malware Mirai related Author: Florian Roth

Source: LOAD without section mappings

Program segment: 0x8000

Source: 5542.1.00007f1150017000.00007f115002b000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY	Matched rule: Mirai_Botnet_Malware date = 2016-10-04, hash5 = 420bf9215dfb04e5008c5e522eee9946599e2b323b17f17919cd802ebb012175, hash4 = 2efa09c124f277be2199bee58f49fc0ce6c64c0bef30079dfb3d94a6de492a69, hash3 = 20683ff7a5fec1237fc09224af40be029b9548c62c693844624089af568c89d4, hash2 = 05c78c3052b390435e53a87e3d31e9fb17f7c76bb4df2814313bca24735ce81c, hash1 = 05c78c3052b390435e53a87e3d31e9fb17f7c76bb4df2814313bca24735ce81c, author = Florian Roth, description = Detects Mirai Botnet Malware, hash10 = c61bf95146c68bfbbe01d7695337ed0e93ea759f59f651799f07eecdb339f83f, hash11 = d9573c3850e2ae35f371dff977fc3e5282a5e67db8e3274fd7818e8273fd5c89, hash12 = f1100c84abff05e0501e77781160d9815628e7fd2de9e53f5454dbcac7c84ca5, hash9 = bf0471b37dba7939524a30d7d5afc8fcfb8d4a7c9954343196737e72ea4e2dc4, hash8 = 89570ae59462e6472b6769545a999bde8457e47ae0d385caaa3499ab735b8147, hash7 = 70bb0ec35dd9afcfd52ec4e1d920e7045dc51dca0573cd4c753987c9d79405c0, hash6 = 62cdc8b7fffbaf5683a466f6503c03e68a15413a90f6afd5a13ba027631460c6, reference = Internal Research, license = https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/, hash13 = fb713ccf839362bf0fbe01aedd6796f4d74521b133011b408e42c1fd9ab8246b
Source: 5542.1.00007f1150017000.00007f115002b000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY	Matched rule: MAL_ELF_LNX_Mirai_Oct10_2 date = 2018-10-27, hash1 = fa0018e75f503f9748a5de0d14d4358db234f65e28c31c8d5878cc58807081c9, author = Florian Roth, description = Detects ELF malware Mirai related, reference = Internal Research

Source: classification engine

Classification label: mal76.troj.evad.linELF@0/0@2/0

Data Obfuscation

Sample is packed with UPX

Source: initial sample	String containing UPX found: $Info: This file is packed with the UPX executable packer http://upx.sf.net $
Source: initial sample	String containing UPX found: $Info: This file is packed with the UPX executable packer http://upx.sf.net $
Source: initial sample	String containing UPX found: $Id: UPX 3.94 Copyright (C) 1996-2017 the UPX Team. All Rights Reserved. $

Source: xd.arm6.elf

Submission file: segment LOAD with 7.9609 entropy (max. 8.0)

Source: /tmp/xd.arm6.elf (PID: 5542)

Queries kernel information via 'uname':

Jump to behavior

Source: xd.arm6.elf, 5542.1.000055962f281000.000055962f3ef000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: U!/etc/qemu-binfmt/arm
Source: xd.arm6.elf, 5542.1.00007ffd0dc8f000.00007ffd0dcb0000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: x86_64/usr/bin/qemu-arm/tmp/xd.arm6.elfSUDO_USER=saturninoPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/binDISPLAY=:1.0XAUTHORITY=/run/user/1000/gdm/XauthoritySUDO_UID=1000TERM=xterm-256colorCOLORTERM=truecolorLOGNAME=rootUSER=rootLANG=en_US.UTF-8SUDO_COMMAND=/bin/bashHOME=/rootMAIL=/var/mail/rootSUDO_GID=1000SHELL=/bin/bash/tmp/xd.arm6.elf
Source: xd.arm6.elf, 5542.1.000055962f281000.000055962f3ef000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /etc/qemu-binfmt/arm
Source: xd.arm6.elf, 5542.1.00007ffd0dc8f000.00007ffd0dcb0000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /usr/bin/qemu-arm
Source: xd.arm6.elf, 5542.1.00007ffd0dc8f000.00007ffd0dcb0000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: qemu: uncaught target signal 11 (Segmentation fault) - core dumped

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Yara detected Mirai

Source: Yara match	File source: 5542.1.00007f1150017000.00007f115002b000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY
Source: Yara match	File source: Process Memory Space: xd.arm6.elf PID: 5542, type: MEMORYSTR

Remote Access Functionality

Yara detected Mirai

Source: Yara match	File source: 5542.1.00007f1150017000.00007f115002b000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY
Source: Yara match	File source: Process Memory Space: xd.arm6.elf PID: 5542, type: MEMORYSTR

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Reconnaissance	Resource Development	Initial Access	Execution	Persistence	Privilege Escalation	Defense Evasion	Credential Access	Discovery	Lateral Movement	Collection	Command and Control	Exfiltration	Impact
Gather Victim Identity Information	Acquire Infrastructure	Valid Accounts	Windows Management Instrumentation	Path Interception	Path Interception	11 Obfuscated Files or Information	OS Credential Dumping	11 Security Software Discovery	Remote Services	Data from Local System	1 Non-Application Layer Protocol	Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium	Abuse Accessibility Features
Credentials	Domains	Default Accounts	Scheduled Task/Job	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Rootkit	LSASS Memory	Application Window Discovery	Remote Desktop Protocol	Data from Removable Media	1 Application Layer Protocol	Exfiltration Over Bluetooth	Network Denial of Service

Malware Configuration

⊘No configs have been found

Behavior Graph

Hide Legend

Legend:

Process
Signature
Created File
DNS/IP Info
Is Dropped
Number of created Files
Is malicious
Internet

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Source	Detection	Scanner	Label	Link
xd.arm6.elf	58%	ReversingLabs	Linux.Backdoor.Mirai

Dropped Files

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains

⊘No Antivirus matches

URLs

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains and IPs

Download Network PCAP: filtered – full

Contacted Domains

Name	IP	Active	Malicious	Antivirus Detection	Reputation
daisy.ubuntu.com	162.213.35.24	true	false		high

URLs from Memory and Binaries

Name	Source	Malicious	Antivirus Detection	Reputation
http://upx.sf.net	xd.arm6.elf	false		high

World Map of Contacted IPs

⊘No contacted IP infos

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

⊘No context

Domains

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
daisy.ubuntu.com	.i.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	162.213.35.25
	xd.x86_64.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.24
	xd.arm.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25
	xd.m68k.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25
	xd.mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.24
	xd.arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.24
	xd.arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25
	xd.x86.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25
	xd.x86_64.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25
	boatnet.x86.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25

ASNs

⊘No context

JA3 Fingerprints

⊘No context

Dropped Files

⊘No context

Created / dropped Files

⊘No created / dropped files found

Static File Info

General

File type:	ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, EABI4 version 1 (GNU/Linux), statically linked, no section header
Entropy (8bit):	7.9582325168647
TrID:	ELF Executable and Linkable format (generic) (4004/1) 100.00%
File name:	xd.arm6.elf
File size:	34'484 bytes
MD5:	9326fcfafb5901c3858ff63f2bed221c
SHA1:	208dce22fc3da536199711c50daece774cb71077
SHA256:	9a408f61e15a2b462eb0231ad0af6acbd0dd430dfe8ba1e703b786a2dcb55da4
SHA512:	b30001066ba20ce9eba71fad21d5eb49d7ef28f9dec298ce50d104c840c6646d5bd97bf89041f1ac62aeb2b45a086c5d6c9d0fe2284dab0a1ecb4b254ae703ed
SSDEEP:	768:VYVgAxkU1RHz5poClGL1aMnXha7WBNoWhSxHjWjWzDik9q3UELCy:VYyAxdRH9zILLBBrodjWSDMLd
TLSH:	C3F2E0214327E531CEA5DABB993182E8196B87F4B5BF30686794C68D9CC2F06C5FE046
File Content Preview:	.ELF..............(.........4...........4. ...(.........................................H\..H...H...................Q.td............................>. NUPX!.........6...6......S..........?.E.h;....#..$..1).....,..3z'`......q.o.{.{Q]...q...'16O..%."G..G.'.

Static ELF Info

ELF header
Class:	ELF32
Data:	2's complement, little endian
Version:	1 (current)
Machine:	ARM
Version Number:	0x1
Type:	EXEC (Executable file)
OS/ABI:	UNIX - Linux
ABI Version:	0
Entry Point Address:	0xf3a0
Flags:	0x4000002
ELF Header Size:	52
Program Header Offset:	52
Program Header Size:	32
Number of Program Headers:	3
Section Header Offset:	0
Section Header Size:	40
Number of Section Headers:	0
Header String Table Index:	0

Program Segments

Type	Offset	Virtual Address	Physical Address	File Size	Memory Size	Entropy	Flags	Flags Description	Align
LOAD	0x0	0x8000	0x8000	0x858d	0x858d	7.9609	0x5	R E	0x8000
LOAD	0x5c48	0x2dc48	0x2dc48	0x0	0x0	0.0000	0x6	RW	0x8000
GNU_STACK	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0.0000	0x7	RWE	0x4

Network Behavior

Download Network PCAP: filtered – full

UDP Packets

Timestamp	Source Port	Dest Port	Source IP	Dest IP
Apr 2, 2025 22:52:02.991548061 CEST	43272	53	192.168.2.15	8.8.8.8
Apr 2, 2025 22:52:02.991631985 CEST	54246	53	192.168.2.15	8.8.8.8
Apr 2, 2025 22:52:03.082384109 CEST	53	54246	8.8.8.8	192.168.2.15
Apr 2, 2025 22:52:03.158798933 CEST	53	43272	8.8.8.8	192.168.2.15

DNS Queries

Timestamp	Source IP	Dest IP	Trans ID	OP Code	Name	Type	Class	DNS over HTTPS
Apr 2, 2025 22:52:02.991548061 CEST	192.168.2.15	8.8.8.8	0xa7ea	Standard query (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false
Apr 2, 2025 22:52:02.991631985 CEST	192.168.2.15	8.8.8.8	0xa7c0	Standard query (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com	28	IN (0x0001)	false

DNS Answers

Timestamp	Source IP	Dest IP	Trans ID	Reply Code	Name	CName	Address	Type	Class	DNS over HTTPS
Apr 2, 2025 22:52:03.158798933 CEST	8.8.8.8	192.168.2.15	0xa7ea	No error (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com		162.213.35.24	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false
Apr 2, 2025 22:52:03.158798933 CEST	8.8.8.8	192.168.2.15	0xa7ea	No error (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com		162.213.35.25	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false

System Behavior

Analysis Process: xd.arm6.elf PID: 5542, Parent PID: 5462

General

Start time (UTC):	20:52:00
Start date (UTC):	02/04/2025
Path:	/tmp/xd.arm6.elf
Arguments:	/tmp/xd.arm6.elf
File size:	4956856 bytes
MD5 hash:	5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to make an executable or file difficult to discover or analyze by encrypting, encoding, or otherwise obfuscating its contents on the system or in transit. This is common behavior that can be used across different platforms and the network to evade defenses.
Tactics:	Defense Evasion
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, File: File Creation, File: File Metadata, Module: Module Load, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation, Script: Script Execution, WMI: WMI Creation, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. This may include things such as firewall rules and anti-virus. Adversaries may use the information from Security Software Discovery during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.
Tactics:	Discovery
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, Firewall: Firewall Enumeration, Firewall: Firewall Metadata, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation
Platforms:	Azure AD, Google Workspace, IaaS, Linux, macOS, Office 365, SaaS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may use an OSI non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2 server or among infected hosts within a network. The list of possible protocols is extensive.Specific examples include use of network layer protocols, such as the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), transport layer protocols, such as the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), session layer protocols, such as Socket Secure (SOCKS), as well as redirected/tunneled protocols, such as Serial over LAN (SOL).
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Network, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may communicate using OSI application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Behavior Section

Behavior Chronological

Disassembly

Uncategorized

Graph

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Linux Analysis Report xd.arm6.elf

Overview

General Information

Detection

Signatures

Classification

General Information

Runtime Messages

Process Tree

Malware Threat Intel

Yara Signatures

Memory Dumps

Suricata Signatures

Joe Sandbox Signatures

AV Detection

Networking

System Summary

Data Obfuscation

Hooking and other Techniques for Hiding and Protection

Malware Analysis System Evasion

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Remote Access Functionality

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Malware Configuration

Behavior Graph

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Dropped Files

Domains

URLs

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

URLs from Memory and Binaries

World Map of Contacted IPs

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Domains

ASNs

JA3 Fingerprints

Dropped Files

Created / dropped Files

Static File Info

General

Static ELF Info

ELF header

Program Segments

Network Behavior

UDP Packets

DNS Queries

DNS Answers

System Behavior

Analysis Process: xd.arm6.elf PID: 5542, Parent PID: 5462

General

File Activities

File Opened

File Read

Process Activities

Signal Sent

Thread Sleep

System Activities

Query System Information (uname)

Chronological Activities

Linux Analysis Report
xd.arm6.elf