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Linux Analysis Report
arc.elf

Overview

General Information

Sample name:	arc.elf
Analysis ID:	1647656
MD5:	5ba51400c0dadfb8bf32efcea50fa540
SHA1:	95bc80949b78a8ce89941c4bc5a611cbc3593c0e
SHA256:	a4d25deb8192cb5f57fda1831afcb14bd4f56b41d817fefb030b3f063781a840
Tags:	elfuser-abuse_ch
Infos:

Detection

Mirai

Score:	56
Range:	0 - 100

Signatures

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Yara detected Mirai

Executes the "rm" command used to delete files or directories

Sample has stripped symbol table

Classification

General Information

Joe Sandbox version:	42.0.0 Malachite
Analysis ID:	1647656
Start date and time:	2025-03-25 04:47:11 +01:00
Joe Sandbox product:	CloudBasic
Overall analysis duration:	0h 4m 24s
Hypervisor based Inspection enabled:	false
Report type:	full
Cookbook file name:	defaultlinuxfilecookbook.jbs
Analysis system description:	Ubuntu Linux 20.04 x64 (Kernel 5.4.0-72, Firefox 91.0, Evince Document Viewer 3.36.10, LibreOffice 6.4.7.2, OpenJDK 11.0.11)
Analysis Mode:	default
Sample name:	arc.elf
Detection:	MAL
Classification:	mal56.troj.linELF@0/0@0/0

Runtime Messages

Command:	/tmp/arc.elf
PID:	6238
Exit Code:	255
Exit Code Info:
Killed:	False
Standard Output:
Standard Error:

Process Tree

system is lnxubuntu20

dash New Fork (PID: 6294, Parent: 4332)

rm (PID: 6294, Parent: 4332, MD5: aa2b5496fdbfd88e38791ab81f90b95b) Arguments: rm -f /tmp/tmp.ewxooweCWr /tmp/tmp.wv7CzC5hpR /tmp/tmp.LLsrCpxiaE

dash New Fork (PID: 6295, Parent: 4332)

rm (PID: 6295, Parent: 4332, MD5: aa2b5496fdbfd88e38791ab81f90b95b) Arguments: rm -f /tmp/tmp.ewxooweCWr /tmp/tmp.wv7CzC5hpR /tmp/tmp.LLsrCpxiaE

cleanup

Malware Threat Intel

Provided by

Name	Description	Attribution	Blogpost URLs	Link
Mirai	Mirai is one of the first significant botnets targeting exposed networking devices running Linux. Found in August 2016 by MalwareMustDie, its name means "future" in Japanese. Nowadays it targets a wide range of networked embedded devices such as IP cameras, home routers (many vendors involved), and other IoT devices. Since the source code was published on "Hack Forums" many variants of the Mirai family appeared, infecting mostly home networks all around the world.	No Attribution	http://osint.bambenekconsulting.com/feeds/ http://www.simonroses.com/2016/10/mirai-ddos-botnet-source-code-binary-analysis/ https://blog.malwaremustdie.org/2020/02/mmd-0065-2021-linuxmirai-fbot-re.html https://blog.netlab.360.com/another-lilin-dvr-0-day-being-used-to-spread-mirai-en/ https://blog.netlab.360.com/mirai_ptea-botnet-is-exploiting-undisclosed-kguard-dvr-vulnerability-en/	https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/elf.mirai

Yara Signatures

Initial Sample

Source	Rule	Description	Author	Strings
arc.elf	JoeSecurity_Mirai_8	Yara detected Mirai	Joe Security

Suricata Signatures

⊘No Suricata rule has matched

Joe Sandbox Signatures

• AV Detection
• Networking
• System Summary
• Persistence and Installation Behavior
• Stealing of Sensitive Information
• Remote Access Functionality

Click to jump to signature section

Show All Signature Results

AV Detection

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Source: arc.elf

ReversingLabs: Detection: 22%

Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.43
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 109.202.202.202
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 34.249.145.219
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 34.249.145.219
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 34.249.145.219
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.43
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 109.202.202.202
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 34.249.145.219

Source: unknown	Network traffic detected: HTTP traffic on port 43928 -> 443
Source: unknown	Network traffic detected: HTTP traffic on port 39248 -> 443
Source: unknown	Network traffic detected: HTTP traffic on port 443 -> 39248
Source: unknown	Network traffic detected: HTTP traffic on port 42836 -> 443

Source: ELF static info symbol of initial sample

.symtab present: no

Source: classification engine

Classification label: mal56.troj.linELF@0/0@0/0

Source: /usr/bin/dash (PID: 6294)	Rm executable: /usr/bin/rm -> rm -f /tmp/tmp.ewxooweCWr /tmp/tmp.wv7CzC5hpR /tmp/tmp.LLsrCpxiaE			Jump to behavior
Source: /usr/bin/dash (PID: 6295)	Rm executable: /usr/bin/rm -> rm -f /tmp/tmp.ewxooweCWr /tmp/tmp.wv7CzC5hpR /tmp/tmp.LLsrCpxiaE			Jump to behavior

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Yara detected Mirai

Source: Yara match

File source: arc.elf, type: SAMPLE

Remote Access Functionality

Yara detected Mirai

Source: Yara match

File source: arc.elf, type: SAMPLE

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Reconnaissance	Resource Development	Initial Access	Execution	Persistence	Privilege Escalation	Defense Evasion	Credential Access	Discovery	Lateral Movement	Collection	Command and Control	Exfiltration	Impact
Gather Victim Identity Information	Acquire Infrastructure	Valid Accounts	Windows Management Instrumentation	Path Interception	Path Interception	1 File Deletion	OS Credential Dumping	System Service Discovery	Remote Services	Data from Local System	1 Encrypted Channel	Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium	Abuse Accessibility Features
Credentials	Domains	Default Accounts	Scheduled Task/Job	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Rootkit	LSASS Memory	Application Window Discovery	Remote Desktop Protocol	Data from Removable Media	1 Application Layer Protocol	Exfiltration Over Bluetooth	Network Denial of Service

Malware Configuration

⊘No configs have been found

Behavior Graph

Hide Legend

Legend:

Process
Signature
Created File
DNS/IP Info
Is Dropped
Number of created Files
Is malicious
Internet

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Source	Detection	Scanner	Label	Link
arc.elf	22%	ReversingLabs	Linux.Backdoor.Mirai

Dropped Files

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains

⊘No Antivirus matches

URLs

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains and IPs

Download Network PCAP: filtered – full

Contacted Domains

⊘No contacted domains info

World Map of Contacted IPs

No. of IPs < 25%
25% < No. of IPs < 50%
50% < No. of IPs < 75%
75% < No. of IPs

Public IPs

IP	Domain	Country	ASN	ASN Name	Malicious
34.249.145.219	unknown	United States	16509	AMAZON-02US	false
109.202.202.202	unknown	Switzerland	13030	INIT7CH	false
91.189.91.43	unknown	United Kingdom	41231	CANONICAL-ASGB	false
91.189.91.42	unknown	United Kingdom	41231	CANONICAL-ASGB	false

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
34.249.145.219	mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	sh4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse
	i.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse
109.202.202.202	kpLwzBouH4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	ch.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/f/firefox/firefox_92.0%2bbuild3-0ubuntu0.20.04.1_amd64.deb
91.189.91.43	main_arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	main_arm.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	main_ppc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	arm.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse
91.189.91.42	main_arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	sh4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	main_arm.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	main_ppc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	arm.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse

Domains

⊘No context

ASNs

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
CANONICAL-ASGB	main_arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	sh4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	main_arm.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	main_ppc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	main_x86.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	185.125.190.26
	arm.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	91.189.91.42
CANONICAL-ASGB	main_arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	sh4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	main_arm.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	main_ppc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	main_x86.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	185.125.190.26
	arm.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	91.189.91.42
INIT7CH	main_arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202
	mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202
	sh4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202
	main_arm.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202
	main_ppc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202
	arm.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	109.202.202.202
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	109.202.202.202
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	109.202.202.202
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	109.202.202.202
AMAZON-02US	mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	34.249.145.219
	sh4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	34.249.145.219
	arm.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	54.171.230.55
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	52.212.150.54
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	52.212.150.54
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	34.249.145.219
	rShippingDocumentsCopies.exe	Get hash	malicious	FormBook	Browse	13.248.169.48
	SWIFT MT103.Pdf.exe	Get hash	malicious	FormBook	Browse	13.248.169.48
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	52.212.150.54
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	34.243.160.129

JA3 Fingerprints

⊘No context

Dropped Files

⊘No context

Created / dropped Files

⊘No created / dropped files found

Static File Info

General

File type:	ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Synopsys ARCompact ARC700 cores, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, stripped
Entropy (8bit):	6.429278518823154
TrID:	ELF Executable and Linkable format (generic) (4004/1) 98.45% Lumena CEL bitmap (63/63) 1.55%
File name:	arc.elf
File size:	116'116 bytes
MD5:	5ba51400c0dadfb8bf32efcea50fa540
SHA1:	95bc80949b78a8ce89941c4bc5a611cbc3593c0e
SHA256:	a4d25deb8192cb5f57fda1831afcb14bd4f56b41d817fefb030b3f063781a840
SHA512:	0ca0a434a29c66dad56d2e78425e028e0aa2751aac960fc1fac413ab8b5dde175370ef932fab0ffcc561e8e0a48279c5dc59bcce1fcae9f433a4a24e712ed2d4
SSDEEP:	3072:HKj8UQFkbMptju8YsQyIvDNv/ThDUgInjq:HKj8Rj9kNlGq
TLSH:	16B39EDBB68B5550C8224BF50BD38BDE3F6322419E27C8E76C1E557E34B91DB090A782
File Content Preview:	.ELF..............].....4...4...d.......4. ...(.................................. .......................~....... .............................................................................................................................................

Static ELF Info

ELF header
Class:	ELF32
Data:	2's complement, little endian
Version:	1 (current)
Machine:	<unknown>
Version Number:	0x1
Type:	EXEC (Executable file)
OS/ABI:	UNIX - System V
ABI Version:	0
Entry Point Address:	0x10a34
Flags:	0x403
ELF Header Size:	52
Program Header Offset:	52
Program Header Size:	32
Number of Program Headers:	5
Section Header Offset:	115556
Section Header Size:	40
Number of Section Headers:	14
Header String Table Index:	13

Sections

Name	Type	Address	Offset	Size	EntSize	Flags	Flags Description	Align
	NULL	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0		0
.init	PROGBITS	0x10114	0x114	0x22	0x0	0x6	AX	1
.text	PROGBITS	0x10138	0x138	0x12380	0x0	0x6	AX	4
.fini	PROGBITS	0x224b8	0x124b8	0x16	0x0	0x6	AX	1
.rodata	PROGBITS	0x224d0	0x124d0	0x87e8	0x0	0x2	A	4
.tbss	NOBITS	0x2dfe0	0x1bfe0	0x8	0x0	0x403	WAT	4
.fini_array	FINI_ARRAY	0x2dfe0	0x1bfe0	0x4	0x4	0x3	WA	4
.ctors	PROGBITS	0x2dfe4	0x1bfe4	0x8	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.dtors	PROGBITS	0x2dfec	0x1bfec	0x8	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.got	PROGBITS	0x2dff4	0x1bff4	0x8	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.data	PROGBITS	0x2e008	0x1c008	0x2c4	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.bss	NOBITS	0x2e2cc	0x1c2cc	0x7bf0	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.ARC.attributes	<unknown>	0x0	0x1c2cc	0x32	0x0	0x0		1
.shstrtab	STRTAB	0x0	0x1c2fe	0x65	0x0	0x0		1

Program Segments

Type	Offset	Virtual Address	Physical Address	File Size	Memory Size	Entropy	Flags	Flags Description	Align	Section Mappings
LOAD	0x0	0x10000	0x10000	0x1acb8	0x1acb8	6.6323	0x5	R E	0x2000	.init .text .fini .rodata
LOAD	0x1bfe0	0x2dfe0	0x2dfe0	0x2ec	0x7edc	4.0732	0x6	RW	0x2000	.tbss .fini_array .ctors .dtors .got .data .bss
DYNAMIC	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0.0000	0x4	R	0x4
DYNAMIC	0x1bfe0	0x2dfe0	0x2dfe0	0x0	0x8	0.0000	0x4	R	0x4
DYNAMIC	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0.0000	0x6	RW	0x4

Network Behavior

Download Network PCAP: filtered – full

Network Port Distribution

Total Packets: 11
• 443 (HTTPS)
• 80 (HTTP)

TCP Packets

Timestamp	Source Port	Dest Port	Source IP	Dest IP
Mar 25, 2025 04:47:57.091485023 CET	43928	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.42
Mar 25, 2025 04:48:02.722887039 CET	42836	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.43
Mar 25, 2025 04:48:03.746702909 CET	42516	80	192.168.2.23	109.202.202.202
Mar 25, 2025 04:48:18.111756086 CET	39248	443	192.168.2.23	34.249.145.219
Mar 25, 2025 04:48:18.111793995 CET	443	39248	34.249.145.219	192.168.2.23
Mar 25, 2025 04:48:18.111938953 CET	39248	443	192.168.2.23	34.249.145.219
Mar 25, 2025 04:48:18.112612963 CET	39248	443	192.168.2.23	34.249.145.219
Mar 25, 2025 04:48:18.112627029 CET	443	39248	34.249.145.219	192.168.2.23
Mar 25, 2025 04:48:18.848572016 CET	43928	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.42
Mar 25, 2025 04:48:29.087136984 CET	42836	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.43
Mar 25, 2025 04:48:33.182466984 CET	42516	80	192.168.2.23	109.202.202.202
Mar 25, 2025 04:48:59.802901983 CET	43928	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.42
Mar 25, 2025 04:49:18.104006052 CET	39248	443	192.168.2.23	34.249.145.219
Mar 25, 2025 04:49:18.144357920 CET	443	39248	34.249.145.219	192.168.2.23
Mar 25, 2025 04:49:59.896553993 CET	443	39248	34.249.145.219	192.168.2.23

System Behavior

Analysis Process: dash PID: 6294, Parent PID: 4332

General

Start time (UTC):	03:49:17
Start date (UTC):	25/03/2025
Path:	/usr/bin/dash
Arguments:	-
File size:	129816 bytes
MD5 hash:	1e6b1c887c59a315edb7eb9a315fc84c

Process Activities

Process Overlayed (Exec)

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: rm PID: 6294, Parent PID: 4332

General

Start time (UTC):	03:49:17
Start date (UTC):	25/03/2025
Path:	/usr/bin/rm
Arguments:	rm -f /tmp/tmp.ewxooweCWr /tmp/tmp.wv7CzC5hpR /tmp/tmp.LLsrCpxiaE
File size:	72056 bytes
MD5 hash:	aa2b5496fdbfd88e38791ab81f90b95b

File Activities

File Opened

File Deleted

File Read

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: dash PID: 6295, Parent PID: 4332

General

Start time (UTC):	03:49:17
Start date (UTC):	25/03/2025
Path:	/usr/bin/dash
Arguments:	-
File size:	129816 bytes
MD5 hash:	1e6b1c887c59a315edb7eb9a315fc84c

Process Activities

Process Overlayed (Exec)

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: rm PID: 6295, Parent PID: 4332

General

Start time (UTC):	03:49:17
Start date (UTC):	25/03/2025
Path:	/usr/bin/rm
Arguments:	rm -f /tmp/tmp.ewxooweCWr /tmp/tmp.wv7CzC5hpR /tmp/tmp.LLsrCpxiaE
File size:	72056 bytes
MD5 hash:	aa2b5496fdbfd88e38791ab81f90b95b

Description:	Adversaries may delete files left behind by the actions of their intrusion activity. Malware, tools, or other non-native files dropped or created on a system by an adversary (ex: Ingress Tool Transfer ) may leave traces to indicate to what was done within a network and how. Removal of these files can occur during an intrusion, or as part of a post-intrusion process to minimize the adversary's footprint.
Tactics:	Defense Evasion
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, File: File Deletion
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may employ a known encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Despite the use of a secure algorithm, these implementations may be vulnerable to reverse engineering if secret keys are encoded and/or generated within malware samples/configuration files.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may communicate using OSI application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Behavior Section

Behavior Chronological

Disassembly

Uncategorized

Graph

Loading Joe Sandbox Report ...

Warning!

Linux Analysis Report arc.elf

Overview

General Information

Detection

Signatures

Classification

General Information

Runtime Messages

Process Tree

Malware Threat Intel

Yara Signatures

Initial Sample

Suricata Signatures

Joe Sandbox Signatures

AV Detection

Networking

System Summary

Persistence and Installation Behavior

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Remote Access Functionality

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Malware Configuration

Behavior Graph

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Dropped Files

Domains

URLs

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

World Map of Contacted IPs

Public IPs

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Domains

ASNs

JA3 Fingerprints

Dropped Files

Created / dropped Files

Static File Info

General

Static ELF Info

ELF header

Sections

Program Segments

Network Behavior

Network Port Distribution

TCP Packets

System Behavior

Analysis Process: dash PID: 6294, Parent PID: 4332

General

Process Activities

Process Overlayed (Exec)

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: rm PID: 6294, Parent PID: 4332

General

File Activities

File Opened

File Deleted

File Read

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: dash PID: 6295, Parent PID: 4332

General

Process Activities

Process Overlayed (Exec)

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: rm PID: 6295, Parent PID: 4332

General

File Activities

File Opened

File Deleted

File Read

Chronological Activities

Linux Analysis Report
arc.elf