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Linux Analysis Report
mips.elf

Overview

General Information

Sample name:	mips.elf
Analysis ID:	1647484
MD5:	13674ec749b66c5d45618d311d595d89
SHA1:	6c92a9d93c7237527d68c4b31ce255d2240124e9
SHA256:	c512425ca2fc84c50c8b417b47f665f5b1e080537dda9771c71817f3894fc609
Tags:	elfuser-abuse_ch
Infos:

Detection

Mirai

Score:	48
Range:	0 - 100

Signatures

Yara detected Mirai

Found strings indicative of a multi-platform dropper

Sample has stripped symbol table

Uses the "uname" system call to query kernel version information (possible evasion)

Classification

General Information

Joe Sandbox version:	42.0.0 Malachite
Analysis ID:	1647484
Start date and time:	2025-03-24 22:04:25 +01:00
Joe Sandbox product:	CloudBasic
Overall analysis duration:	0h 4m 26s
Hypervisor based Inspection enabled:	false
Report type:	full
Cookbook file name:	defaultlinuxfilecookbook.jbs
Analysis system description:	Ubuntu Linux 20.04 x64 (Kernel 5.4.0-72, Firefox 91.0, Evince Document Viewer 3.36.10, LibreOffice 6.4.7.2, OpenJDK 11.0.11)
Analysis Mode:	default
Sample name:	mips.elf
Detection:	MAL
Classification:	mal48.troj.linELF@0/0@2/0

Runtime Messages

Command:	/tmp/mips.elf
PID:	5472
Exit Code:	139
Exit Code Info:	SIGSEGV (11) Segmentation fault invalid memory reference
Killed:	False
Standard Output:
Standard Error:	qemu: uncaught target signal 11 (Segmentation fault) - core dumped

Process Tree

system is lnxubuntu20

mips.elf (PID: 5472, Parent: 5397, MD5: 0083f1f0e77be34ad27f849842bbb00c) Arguments: /tmp/mips.elf

cleanup

Malware Threat Intel

Provided by

Name	Description	Attribution	Blogpost URLs	Link
Mirai	Mirai is one of the first significant botnets targeting exposed networking devices running Linux. Found in August 2016 by MalwareMustDie, its name means "future" in Japanese. Nowadays it targets a wide range of networked embedded devices such as IP cameras, home routers (many vendors involved), and other IoT devices. Since the source code was published on "Hack Forums" many variants of the Mirai family appeared, infecting mostly home networks all around the world.	No Attribution	http://osint.bambenekconsulting.com/feeds/ http://www.simonroses.com/2016/10/mirai-ddos-botnet-source-code-binary-analysis/ https://blog.malwaremustdie.org/2020/02/mmd-0065-2021-linuxmirai-fbot-re.html https://blog.netlab.360.com/another-lilin-dvr-0-day-being-used-to-spread-mirai-en/ https://blog.netlab.360.com/mirai_ptea-botnet-is-exploiting-undisclosed-kguard-dvr-vulnerability-en/	https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/elf.mirai

Yara Signatures

Initial Sample

Source	Rule	Description	Author	Strings
mips.elf	JoeSecurity_Mirai_8	Yara detected Mirai	Joe Security

Memory Dumps

Source	Rule	Description	Author	Strings
5472.1.00007f35dc400000.00007f35dc41c000.r-x.sdmp	JoeSecurity_Mirai_8	Yara detected Mirai	Joe Security

Suricata Signatures

⊘No Suricata rule has matched

Joe Sandbox Signatures

• Spreading
• Networking
• System Summary
• Malware Analysis System Evasion
• Stealing of Sensitive Information
• Remote Access Functionality

Click to jump to signature section

Show All Signature Results

Source: mips.elf

String: wgettftpcurlftp

Source: unknown	UDP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 1.1.1.1
Source: unknown	UDP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 1.1.1.1

Source: global traffic

DNS traffic detected: DNS query: daisy.ubuntu.com

Source: ELF static info symbol of initial sample

.symtab present: no

Source: classification engine

Classification label: mal48.troj.linELF@0/0@2/0

Source: /tmp/mips.elf (PID: 5472)

Queries kernel information via 'uname':

Jump to behavior

Source: mips.elf, 5472.1.0000555597f63000.0000555597fea000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: UU!/etc/qemu-binfmt/mips
Source: mips.elf, 5472.1.0000555597f63000.0000555597fea000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /etc/qemu-binfmt/mips
Source: mips.elf, 5472.1.00007ffe9146d000.00007ffe9148e000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: x86_64/usr/bin/qemu-mips/tmp/mips.elfSUDO_USER=saturninoPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/binDISPLAY=:1.0XAUTHORITY=/run/user/1000/gdm/XauthoritySUDO_UID=1000TERM=xterm-256colorCOLORTERM=truecolorLOGNAME=rootUSER=rootLANG=en_US.UTF-8SUDO_COMMAND=/bin/bashHOME=/rootMAIL=/var/mail/rootSUDO_GID=1000SHELL=/bin/bash/tmp/mips.elf
Source: mips.elf, 5472.1.00007ffe9146d000.00007ffe9148e000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /usr/bin/qemu-mips
Source: mips.elf, 5472.1.00007ffe9146d000.00007ffe9148e000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: qemu: uncaught target signal 11 (Segmentation fault) - core dumped

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Yara detected Mirai

Source: Yara match	File source: mips.elf, type: SAMPLE
Source: Yara match	File source: 5472.1.00007f35dc400000.00007f35dc41c000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY

Remote Access Functionality

Yara detected Mirai

Source: Yara match	File source: mips.elf, type: SAMPLE
Source: Yara match	File source: 5472.1.00007f35dc400000.00007f35dc41c000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Reconnaissance	Resource Development	Initial Access	Execution	Persistence	Privilege Escalation	Defense Evasion	Credential Access	Discovery	Lateral Movement	Collection	Command and Control	Exfiltration	Impact
Gather Victim Identity Information	1 Scripting	Valid Accounts	Windows Management Instrumentation	1 Scripting	Path Interception	Direct Volume Access	OS Credential Dumping	11 Security Software Discovery	Remote Services	Data from Local System	1 Non-Application Layer Protocol	Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium	Abuse Accessibility Features
Credentials	Domains	Default Accounts	Scheduled Task/Job	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Rootkit	LSASS Memory	Application Window Discovery	Remote Desktop Protocol	Data from Removable Media	1 Application Layer Protocol	Exfiltration Over Bluetooth	Network Denial of Service

Malware Configuration

⊘No configs have been found

Behavior Graph

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Legend:

Process
Signature
Created File
DNS/IP Info
Is Dropped
Number of created Files
Is malicious
Internet

Screenshots

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Thumbnails

This section contains all screenshots as thumbnails, including those not shown in the slideshow.

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Source	Detection	Scanner	Label	Link
mips.elf	6%	ReversingLabs	Linux.Trojan.Mirai

Dropped Files

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains

⊘No Antivirus matches

URLs

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains and IPs

Download Network PCAP: filtered – full

Contacted Domains

Name	IP	Active	Malicious	Antivirus Detection	Reputation
daisy.ubuntu.com	162.213.35.25	true	false		high

World Map of Contacted IPs

⊘No contacted IP infos

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

⊘No context

Domains

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
daisy.ubuntu.com	mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	162.213.35.24
	arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	162.213.35.25
	i.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	162.213.35.24
	bot.arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Okiru	Browse	162.213.35.24
	i.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	162.213.35.25
	sshd.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	162.213.35.24
	sh4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	162.213.35.25
	arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	162.213.35.25
	arm.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	162.213.35.25
	arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	162.213.35.25

ASNs

⊘No context

JA3 Fingerprints

⊘No context

Dropped Files

⊘No context

Created / dropped Files

⊘No created / dropped files found

Static File Info

General

File type:	ELF 32-bit MSB executable, MIPS, MIPS-I version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, stripped
Entropy (8bit):	5.10357837960134
TrID:	ELF Executable and Linkable format (generic) (4004/1) 100.00%
File name:	mips.elf
File size:	118'228 bytes
MD5:	13674ec749b66c5d45618d311d595d89
SHA1:	6c92a9d93c7237527d68c4b31ce255d2240124e9
SHA256:	c512425ca2fc84c50c8b417b47f665f5b1e080537dda9771c71817f3894fc609
SHA512:	54c83312acbea9b75e510539d0a89c87f8e1f42b2b9b153c1e28599ba6af20f0d2d2b8da7a37b7fa53c38eda7b8793a350a4223737178b08f5abbb35d4752312
SSDEEP:	1536:oczHRCt3M5cpJJM0MyYG278hQT7YCYKQj5mtkDqZvD4BBcUhiOUb:ocLRCSOpJJM0MyYTT7YC+5vqZvc3ih
TLSH:	A3C3730F9D218F2FF23DC33643F7C564B26522D223D6E64AD25CE5211E6838E641BBA4
File Content Preview:	.ELF.....................@.`...4.........4. ...(.............@...@...........................E...E.....t..n.............................................'.D....!'.......................<...'.D....!... ....'9... ......................<...'.D....!........'9.

Static ELF Info

ELF header
Class:	ELF32
Data:	2's complement, big endian
Version:	1 (current)
Machine:	MIPS R3000
Version Number:	0x1
Type:	EXEC (Executable file)
OS/ABI:	UNIX - System V
ABI Version:	0
Entry Point Address:	0x400260
Flags:	0x1007
ELF Header Size:	52
Program Header Offset:	52
Program Header Size:	32
Number of Program Headers:	3
Section Header Offset:	117708
Section Header Size:	40
Number of Section Headers:	13
Header String Table Index:	12

Sections

Name	Type	Address	Offset	Size	EntSize	Flags	Flags Description	Link	Align
	NULL	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x2	A	0	0
	PROGBITS	0x400094	0x94	0x8c	0x0	0x6	AX	0	2
.text	PROGBITS	0x400120	0x120	0x195d0	0x0	0x6	AX	2	16
.fini	PROGBITS	0x4196f0	0x2	0x5c	0x0	0x6	AX	0	4
.ro	PROGBITS	0x419750	0x19750	0x2030	0x0	0x2	A	0	16
	PROGBITS	0x45c000	0x1c000	0x8	0x0	0x3	WA	0	2
.dtors	PROGBITS	0x45c008	0x1c008	0x8	0x0	0x3	WA	2	4
.data.rel.ro	PROGBITS	0x45c014	0x2	0x11c	0x0	0x3	WA	0	4
	PROGBITS	0x45c130	0x1c130	0x454	0x0	0x2	A	0	16
	PROGBITS	0x45c590	0x1c590	0x5e4	0x4	0x10000003	WAp	0	2
.sbss	NOBITS	0x45cb74	0x1cb74	0x1c	0x0	0x10000003	WAp	2	4
.bss	NOBITS	0x45cb90	0x2	0x6344	0x0	0x3	WA	0	16
	STRTAB	0x0	0x1cb74	0x56	0x0	0x2	A	0	1

Program Segments

Type	Offset	Virtual Address	Physical Address	File Size	Memory Size	Entropy	Flags	Flags Description	Align	Section Mappings
LOAD	0x0	0x400000	0x400000	0x1b780	0x1b780	5.1830	0x5	R E	0x10000	.text .fini .ro
LOAD	0x1c000	0x45c000	0x45c000	0xb74	0x6ed4	3.9219	0x6	RW	0x10000	.dtors .sbss .bss
DYNAMIC	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0.0000	0x7	RWE	0x4

Network Behavior

Download Network PCAP: filtered – full

UDP Packets

Timestamp	Source Port	Dest Port	Source IP	Dest IP
Mar 24, 2025 22:05:12.887161016 CET	56413	53	192.168.2.14	1.1.1.1
Mar 24, 2025 22:05:12.887218952 CET	36027	53	192.168.2.14	1.1.1.1
Mar 24, 2025 22:05:12.997071981 CET	53	36027	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.14
Mar 24, 2025 22:05:13.024104118 CET	53	56413	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.14

DNS Queries

Timestamp	Source IP	Dest IP	Trans ID	OP Code	Name	Type	Class	DNS over HTTPS
Mar 24, 2025 22:05:12.887161016 CET	192.168.2.14	1.1.1.1	0x35d4	Standard query (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false
Mar 24, 2025 22:05:12.887218952 CET	192.168.2.14	1.1.1.1	0xf4ab	Standard query (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com	28	IN (0x0001)	false

DNS Answers

Timestamp	Source IP	Dest IP	Trans ID	Reply Code	Name	CName	Address	Type	Class	DNS over HTTPS
Mar 24, 2025 22:05:13.024104118 CET	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.14	0x35d4	No error (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com		162.213.35.25	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false
Mar 24, 2025 22:05:13.024104118 CET	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.14	0x35d4	No error (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com		162.213.35.24	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false

System Behavior

Analysis Process: mips.elf PID: 5472, Parent PID: 5397

General

Start time (UTC):	21:05:11
Start date (UTC):	24/03/2025
Path:	/tmp/mips.elf
Arguments:	/tmp/mips.elf
File size:	5777432 bytes
MD5 hash:	0083f1f0e77be34ad27f849842bbb00c

Description:	This technique has been deprecated. Please use Command and Scripting Interpreter where appropriate.
Tactics:	Defense Evasion, Execution
Data Sources:
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. This may include things such as firewall rules and anti-virus. Adversaries may use the information from Security Software Discovery during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.
Tactics:	Discovery
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, Firewall: Firewall Enumeration, Firewall: Firewall Metadata, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation
Platforms:	Azure AD, Google Workspace, IaaS, Linux, macOS, Office 365, SaaS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may use an OSI non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2 server or among infected hosts within a network. The list of possible protocols is extensive.Specific examples include use of network layer protocols, such as the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), transport layer protocols, such as the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), session layer protocols, such as Socket Secure (SOCKS), as well as redirected/tunneled protocols, such as Serial over LAN (SOL).
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Network, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may communicate using OSI application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Behavior Section

Behavior Chronological

Disassembly

Uncategorized

Graph

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Warning!

Linux Analysis Report mips.elf

Overview

General Information

Detection

Signatures

Classification

General Information

Runtime Messages

Process Tree

Malware Threat Intel

Yara Signatures

Initial Sample

Memory Dumps

Suricata Signatures

Joe Sandbox Signatures

Spreading

Networking

System Summary

Malware Analysis System Evasion

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Remote Access Functionality

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Malware Configuration

Behavior Graph

Screenshots

Thumbnails

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Dropped Files

Domains

URLs

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

World Map of Contacted IPs

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Domains

ASNs

JA3 Fingerprints

Dropped Files

Created / dropped Files

Static File Info

General

Static ELF Info

ELF header

Sections

Program Segments

Network Behavior

UDP Packets

DNS Queries

DNS Answers

System Behavior

Analysis Process: mips.elf PID: 5472, Parent PID: 5397

General

File Activities

File Opened

File Read

Process Activities

Signal Sent

Thread Sleep

System Activities

Query System Information (uname)

Chronological Activities

Linux Analysis Report
mips.elf