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Linux Analysis Report
rtk.elf

Overview

General Information

Sample name:	rtk.elf
Analysis ID:	1644226
MD5:	e6110269a45f219eeecb50be4931e7af
SHA1:	0055450547dc86833965e51f3f8483cc61e7860a
SHA256:	154ce74452cf38763e3ef8dbe0808ea9a7c87e7e8640ed829166c5b1242a27ce
Tags:	elfMiraiuser-abuse_ch
Infos:

Detection

Score:	48
Range:	0 - 100

Signatures

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

ELF contains segments with high entropy indicating compressed/encrypted content

Sample contains only a LOAD segment without any section mappings

Uses the "uname" system call to query kernel version information (possible evasion)

Classification

General Information

Joe Sandbox version:	42.0.0 Malachite
Analysis ID:	1644226
Start date and time:	2025-03-20 13:17:02 +01:00
Joe Sandbox product:	CloudBasic
Overall analysis duration:	0h 4m 17s
Hypervisor based Inspection enabled:	false
Report type:	full
Cookbook file name:	defaultlinuxfilecookbook.jbs
Analysis system description:	Ubuntu Linux 20.04 x64 (Kernel 5.4.0-72, Firefox 91.0, Evince Document Viewer 3.36.10, LibreOffice 6.4.7.2, OpenJDK 11.0.11)
Analysis Mode:	default
Sample name:	rtk.elf
Detection:	MAL
Classification:	mal48.linELF@0/0@2/0

Runtime Messages

Command:	/tmp/rtk.elf
PID:	5429
Exit Code:	133
Exit Code Info:
Killed:	False
Standard Output:
Standard Error:	qemu: uncaught target signal 5 (Trace/breakpoint trap) - core dumped

Process Tree

system is lnxubuntu20

rtk.elf (PID: 5429, Parent: 5352, MD5: 0083f1f0e77be34ad27f849842bbb00c) Arguments: /tmp/rtk.elf

cleanup

Yara Signatures

⊘No yara matches

Suricata Signatures

⊘No Suricata rule has matched

Joe Sandbox Signatures

• AV Detection
• Networking
• System Summary
• Hooking and other Techniques for Hiding and Protection
• Malware Analysis System Evasion

Click to jump to signature section

Show All Signature Results

AV Detection

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Source: rtk.elf	Virustotal: Detection: 34%			Perma Link
Source: rtk.elf	ReversingLabs: Detection: 27%

Source: unknown	UDP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 1.1.1.1
Source: unknown	UDP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 1.1.1.1

Source: global traffic

DNS traffic detected: DNS query: daisy.ubuntu.com

Source: LOAD without section mappings

Program segment: 0x400000

Source: classification engine

Classification label: mal48.linELF@0/0@2/0

Source: rtk.elf

Submission file: segment LOAD with 7.931 entropy (max. 8.0)

Source: /tmp/rtk.elf (PID: 5429)

Queries kernel information via 'uname':

Jump to behavior

Source: rtk.elf, 5429.1.000055cdeb27e000.000055cdeb305000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: U!/etc/qemu-binfmt/mips
Source: rtk.elf, 5429.1.000055cdeb27e000.000055cdeb305000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /etc/qemu-binfmt/mips
Source: rtk.elf, 5429.1.00007ffc67d84000.00007ffc67da5000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: x86_64/usr/bin/qemu-mips/tmp/rtk.elfSUDO_USER=saturninoPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/binDISPLAY=:1.0XAUTHORITY=/run/user/1000/gdm/XauthoritySUDO_UID=1000TERM=xterm-256colorCOLORTERM=truecolorLOGNAME=rootUSER=rootLANG=en_US.UTF-8SUDO_COMMAND=/bin/bashHOME=/rootMAIL=/var/mail/rootSUDO_GID=1000SHELL=/bin/bash/tmp/rtk.elf
Source: rtk.elf, 5429.1.00007ffc67d84000.00007ffc67da5000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /usr/bin/qemu-mips
Source: rtk.elf, 5429.1.00007ffc67d84000.00007ffc67da5000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: qemu: uncaught target signal 5 (Trace/breakpoint trap) - core dumped

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Reconnaissance	Resource Development	Initial Access	Execution	Persistence	Privilege Escalation	Defense Evasion	Credential Access	Discovery	Lateral Movement	Collection	Command and Control	Exfiltration	Impact
Gather Victim Identity Information	Acquire Infrastructure	Valid Accounts	Windows Management Instrumentation	Path Interception	Path Interception	1 Obfuscated Files or Information	OS Credential Dumping	11 Security Software Discovery	Remote Services	Data from Local System	1 Non-Application Layer Protocol	Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium	Abuse Accessibility Features
Credentials	Domains	Default Accounts	Scheduled Task/Job	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Rootkit	LSASS Memory	Application Window Discovery	Remote Desktop Protocol	Data from Removable Media	1 Application Layer Protocol	Exfiltration Over Bluetooth	Network Denial of Service

Malware Configuration

⊘No configs have been found

Behavior Graph

Hide Legend

Legend:

Process
Signature
Created File
DNS/IP Info
Is Dropped
Number of created Files
Is malicious
Internet

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Source	Detection	Scanner	Label	Link
rtk.elf	35%	Virustotal		Browse
rtk.elf	28%	ReversingLabs	Linux.Trojan.Multiverze

Dropped Files

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains

⊘No Antivirus matches

URLs

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains and IPs

Download Network PCAP: filtered – full

Contacted Domains

Name	IP	Active	Malicious	Antivirus Detection	Reputation
daisy.ubuntu.com	162.213.35.24	true	false		high

World Map of Contacted IPs

⊘No contacted IP infos

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

⊘No context

Domains

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
daisy.ubuntu.com	zte.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	162.213.35.25
	root.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	162.213.35.25
	.5r3fqt67ew531has4231.sh4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai, Moobot, Okiru	Browse	162.213.35.24
	yakuza.ppc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25
	yakuza.arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.24
	yakuza.arm4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.24
	yakuza.m68k.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.24
	yakuza.mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25
	yakuza.i586.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25
	yakuza.x32.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25

ASNs

⊘No context

JA3 Fingerprints

⊘No context

Dropped Files

⊘No context

Created / dropped Files

⊘No created / dropped files found

Static File Info

General

File type:	ELF 32-bit MSB executable, MIPS, MIPS-I version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, no section header
Entropy (8bit):	7.928082859396534
TrID:	ELF Executable and Linkable format (Linux) (4029/14) 50.16% ELF Executable and Linkable format (generic) (4004/1) 49.84%
File name:	rtk.elf
File size:	39'160 bytes
MD5:	e6110269a45f219eeecb50be4931e7af
SHA1:	0055450547dc86833965e51f3f8483cc61e7860a
SHA256:	154ce74452cf38763e3ef8dbe0808ea9a7c87e7e8640ed829166c5b1242a27ce
SHA512:	0741bdb80863394ee23b7225e590e86a7ad0e826f649704b46e2973712e197dd2eceb907f35a40e1f7b11464a75f3c662203b4dc51d1462438bc3b1e459b4b8e
SSDEEP:	768:4Q03I10HbsFFnQ4/og8pS11bCzfoj9Rl8TTfZf8SKE4E4gNiHw3BW7OJgGlzDpxg:710H4rQ4dsY9R2TLZUS7bV3BJVrYP
TLSH:	5E03E1190B0820D5FC39A3764A9A6B801F7E0FF6D543C547B500E4E6EC964BC787BE98
File Content Preview:	.ELF.....................@.H...4.........4. ...(.............@...@...........................A...A.........l.........t.LYTS...........{...{........U.......?.E.h4...@b..) ..]....E..CCe.......e..`..jj.. q.....e~vj2...DA..p..T...:..w.$...?...i....K..........

Static ELF Info

ELF header
Class:	ELF32
Data:	2's complement, big endian
Version:	1 (current)
Machine:	MIPS R3000
Version Number:	0x1
Type:	EXEC (Executable file)
OS/ABI:	UNIX - System V
ABI Version:	0
Entry Point Address:	0x408448
Flags:	0x1007
ELF Header Size:	52
Program Header Offset:	52
Program Header Size:	32
Number of Program Headers:	2
Section Header Offset:	0
Section Header Size:	40
Number of Section Headers:	0
Header String Table Index:	0

Program Segments

Type	Offset	Virtual Address	Physical Address	File Size	Memory Size	Entropy	Flags	Flags Description	Align	Prog Interpreter	Section Mappings
LOAD	0x0	0x400000	0x400000	0x97c6	0x97c6	7.9310	0x5	R E	0x10000
LOAD	0x0	0x410000	0x410000	0x0	0x4de6c	0.0000	0x6	RW	0x10000

Network Behavior

Download Network PCAP: filtered – full

UDP Packets

Timestamp	Source Port	Dest Port	Source IP	Dest IP
Mar 20, 2025 13:17:44.384483099 CET	51515	53	192.168.2.13	1.1.1.1
Mar 20, 2025 13:17:44.384542942 CET	34781	53	192.168.2.13	1.1.1.1
Mar 20, 2025 13:17:44.484294891 CET	53	34781	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.13
Mar 20, 2025 13:17:44.485148907 CET	53	51515	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.13

DNS Queries

Timestamp	Source IP	Dest IP	Trans ID	OP Code	Name	Type	Class	DNS over HTTPS
Mar 20, 2025 13:17:44.384483099 CET	192.168.2.13	1.1.1.1	0x352f	Standard query (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false
Mar 20, 2025 13:17:44.384542942 CET	192.168.2.13	1.1.1.1	0x1943	Standard query (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com	28	IN (0x0001)	false

DNS Answers

Timestamp	Source IP	Dest IP	Trans ID	Reply Code	Name	CName	Address	Type	Class	DNS over HTTPS
Mar 20, 2025 13:17:44.485148907 CET	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.13	0x352f	No error (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com		162.213.35.24	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false
Mar 20, 2025 13:17:44.485148907 CET	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.13	0x352f	No error (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com		162.213.35.25	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false

System Behavior

Analysis Process: rtk.elf PID: 5429, Parent PID: 5352

General

Start time (UTC):	12:17:43
Start date (UTC):	20/03/2025
Path:	/tmp/rtk.elf
Arguments:	/tmp/rtk.elf
File size:	5777432 bytes
MD5 hash:	0083f1f0e77be34ad27f849842bbb00c

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to make an executable or file difficult to discover or analyze by encrypting, encoding, or otherwise obfuscating its contents on the system or in transit. This is common behavior that can be used across different platforms and the network to evade defenses.
Tactics:	Defense Evasion
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, File: File Creation, File: File Metadata, Module: Module Load, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation, Script: Script Execution, WMI: WMI Creation, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. This may include things such as firewall rules and anti-virus. Adversaries may use the information from Security Software Discovery during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.
Tactics:	Discovery
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, Firewall: Firewall Enumeration, Firewall: Firewall Metadata, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation
Platforms:	Azure AD, Google Workspace, IaaS, Linux, macOS, Office 365, SaaS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may use an OSI non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2 server or among infected hosts within a network. The list of possible protocols is extensive.Specific examples include use of network layer protocols, such as the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), transport layer protocols, such as the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), session layer protocols, such as Socket Secure (SOCKS), as well as redirected/tunneled protocols, such as Serial over LAN (SOL).
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Network, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may communicate using OSI application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Behavior Section

Behavior Chronological

Disassembly

Uncategorized

Graph

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Linux Analysis Report rtk.elf

Overview

General Information

Detection

Signatures

Classification

General Information

Runtime Messages

Process Tree

Yara Signatures

Suricata Signatures

Joe Sandbox Signatures

AV Detection

Networking

System Summary

Hooking and other Techniques for Hiding and Protection

Malware Analysis System Evasion

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Malware Configuration

Behavior Graph

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Dropped Files

Domains

URLs

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

World Map of Contacted IPs

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Domains

ASNs

JA3 Fingerprints

Dropped Files

Created / dropped Files

Static File Info

General

Static ELF Info

ELF header

Program Segments

Network Behavior

UDP Packets

DNS Queries

DNS Answers

System Behavior

Analysis Process: rtk.elf PID: 5429, Parent PID: 5352

General

File Activities

File Opened

File Read

Process Activities

Signal Sent

Thread Sleep

System Activities

Query System Information (uname)

Chronological Activities

Linux Analysis Report
rtk.elf