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Linux Analysis Report
arc.elf

Overview

General Information

Sample name:	arc.elf
Analysis ID:	1590727
MD5:	eee79efac73410ac2f68296a4f38b4e7
SHA1:	63366e71f5cbb33935dabc663e303e81f1d82aa8
SHA256:	0f9dc97c52b61a589fa360a6f7f6182311624375a4597b34a79dafacded8b962
Tags:	elfuser-abuse_ch
Infos:
Errors No process behavior to analyse as no analysis process or sample was found

Detection

Mirai

Score:	56
Range:	0 - 100
Whitelisted:	false

Signatures

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Yara detected Mirai

Sample has stripped symbol table

Classification

General Information

Joe Sandbox version:	42.0.0 Malachite
Analysis ID:	1590727
Start date and time:	2025-01-14 14:27:15 +01:00
Joe Sandbox product:	CloudBasic
Overall analysis duration:	0h 10m 11s
Hypervisor based Inspection enabled:	false
Report type:	full
Cookbook file name:	defaultlinuxfilecookbook.jbs
Analysis system description:	Ubuntu Linux 20.04 x64 (Kernel 5.4.0-72, Firefox 91.0, Evince Document Viewer 3.36.10, LibreOffice 6.4.7.2, OpenJDK 11.0.11)
Analysis Mode:	default
Sample name:	arc.elf
Detection:	MAL
Classification:	mal56.troj.linELF@0/0@2/0
Cookbook Comments:	Analysis time extended to 480s due to sleep detection in submitted sample

Errors

No process behavior to analyse as no analysis process or sample was found

Runtime Messages

Command:	/tmp/arc.elf
PID:	5478
Exit Code:	255
Exit Code Info:
Killed:	False
Standard Output:
Standard Error:

Malware Threat Intel

Provided by

Name	Description	Attribution	Blogpost URLs	Link
Mirai	Mirai is one of the first significant botnets targeting exposed networking devices running Linux. Found in August 2016 by MalwareMustDie, its name means "future" in Japanese. Nowadays it targets a wide range of networked embedded devices such as IP cameras, home routers (many vendors involved), and other IoT devices. Since the source code was published on "Hack Forums" many variants of the Mirai family appeared, infecting mostly home networks all around the world.	No Attribution	http://osint.bambenekconsulting.com/feeds/ http://www.simonroses.com/2016/10/mirai-ddos-botnet-source-code-binary-analysis/ https://blog.malwaremustdie.org/2020/02/mmd-0065-2021-linuxmirai-fbot-re.html https://blog.netlab.360.com/another-lilin-dvr-0-day-being-used-to-spread-mirai-en/ https://blog.netlab.360.com/mirai_ptea-botnet-is-exploiting-undisclosed-kguard-dvr-vulnerability-en/	https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/elf.mirai

Yara Signatures

Initial Sample

Source	Rule	Description	Author	Strings
arc.elf	JoeSecurity_Mirai_3	Yara detected Mirai	Joe Security

Suricata Signatures

⊘No Suricata rule has matched

Joe Sandbox Signatures

Click to jump to signature section

Show All Signature Results

AV Detection

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Source: arc.elf	Virustotal: Detection: 25%			Perma Link
Source: arc.elf	ReversingLabs: Detection: 21%

Source: unknown	UDP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 1.1.1.1
Source: unknown	UDP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 1.1.1.1

Source: global traffic

DNS traffic detected: DNS query: daisy.ubuntu.com

Source: ELF static info symbol of initial sample

.symtab present: no

Source: classification engine

Classification label: mal56.troj.linELF@0/0@2/0

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Yara detected Mirai

Source: Yara match

File source: arc.elf, type: SAMPLE

Remote Access Functionality

Yara detected Mirai

Source: Yara match

File source: arc.elf, type: SAMPLE

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Reconnaissance	Resource Development	Initial Access	Execution	Persistence	Privilege Escalation	Defense Evasion	Credential Access	Discovery	Lateral Movement	Collection	Command and Control	Exfiltration	Impact
Gather Victim Identity Information	Acquire Infrastructure	Valid Accounts	Windows Management Instrumentation	Path Interception	Path Interception	Direct Volume Access	OS Credential Dumping	System Service Discovery	Remote Services	Data from Local System	1 Non-Application Layer Protocol	Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium	Abuse Accessibility Features
Credentials	Domains	Default Accounts	Scheduled Task/Job	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Rootkit	LSASS Memory	Application Window Discovery	Remote Desktop Protocol	Data from Removable Media	1 Application Layer Protocol	Exfiltration Over Bluetooth	Network Denial of Service

Malware Configuration

⊘No configs have been found

Behavior Graph

Hide Legend

Legend:

Process
Signature
Created File
DNS/IP Info
Is Dropped
Number of created Files
Is malicious
Internet

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Source	Detection	Scanner	Label	Link
arc.elf	25%	Virustotal		Browse
arc.elf	21%	ReversingLabs	Linux.Trojan.Mirai

Dropped Files

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains

⊘No Antivirus matches

URLs

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

Name	IP	Active	Malicious	Antivirus Detection	Reputation
daisy.ubuntu.com	162.213.35.24	true	false		high

World Map of Contacted IPs

⊘No contacted IP infos

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

⊘No context

Domains

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
daisy.ubuntu.com	rebirth.mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse	162.213.35.25
	rebirth.m68.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse	162.213.35.25
	a-r.m-7.Sakura.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.24
	rebirth.x86.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse	162.213.35.24
	rebirth.arm4t.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse	162.213.35.24
	m-6.8-k.Sakura.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25
	armhf.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	162.213.35.25
	camp.arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.24
	bin.sh.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25
	boatnet.ppc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.24

ASNs

⊘No context

JA3 Fingerprints

⊘No context

Dropped Files

⊘No context

Created / dropped Files

⊘No created / dropped files found

Static File Info

General

File type:	ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Synopsys ARCompact ARC700 cores, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib/ld-uClibc.so.0, for GNU/Linux 4.8.0, stripped
Entropy (8bit):	6.073328012739705
TrID:	ELF Executable and Linkable format (generic) (4004/1) 100.00%
File name:	arc.elf
File size:	66'936 bytes
MD5:	eee79efac73410ac2f68296a4f38b4e7
SHA1:	63366e71f5cbb33935dabc663e303e81f1d82aa8
SHA256:	0f9dc97c52b61a589fa360a6f7f6182311624375a4597b34a79dafacded8b962
SHA512:	c1d488fa40958497c53206bb5808be4193075ea3276c7280d3fc9727aa5e49ff2f9b4bf20dcbae256fdfa08c29b924069ea254c24e96eaf08ce9c140bb1742dc
SSDEEP:	768:HeojgoQXLJCX0rR4hT3XR8gwYbUgzaf4Yu2vBrgIpN05anHHHHHHHQd4+2:+qQX1CEYlwCUg4WO05annnnwd4+2
TLSH:	3863E7783555F6ECEAE18038F40324E52D9506383ACCD2C360835476ED78F8EB66AD6B
File Content Preview:	.ELF..............].........4...........4. ...(.........4...4...4.......................4...4...4................................................ ......D...D...D................ ......T...T...T.......................H...H...H... ... ...........Q.td.......

Static ELF Info

ELF header
Class:	ELF32
Data:	2's complement, little endian
Version:	1 (current)
Machine:	<unknown>
Version Number:	0x1
Type:	EXEC (Executable file)
OS/ABI:	UNIX - System V
ABI Version:	0
Entry Point Address:	0x10cf8
Flags:	0x403
ELF Header Size:	52
Program Header Offset:	52
Program Header Size:	32
Number of Program Headers:	8
Section Header Offset:	66056
Section Header Size:	40
Number of Section Headers:	22
Header String Table Index:	21

Sections

Name	Type	Address	Offset	Size	EntSize	Flags	Flags Description	Link	Info	Align
	NULL	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0		0	0	0
.interp	PROGBITS	0x10134	0x134	0x14	0x0	0x2	A	0	0	1
.note.ABI-tag	NOTE	0x10148	0x148	0x20	0x0	0x2	A	0	0	4
.hash	HASH	0x10168	0x168	0x178	0x4	0x2	A	4	0	4
.dynsym	DYNSYM	0x102e0	0x2e0	0x370	0x10	0x2	A	5	1	4
.dynstr	STRTAB	0x10650	0x650	0x1a1	0x0	0x2	A	0	0	1
.rela.plt	RELA	0x107f4	0x7f4	0x264	0xc	0x42	AI	4	16	4
.init	PROGBITS	0x10a58	0xa58	0x22	0x0	0x6	AX	0	0	1
.plt	PROGBITS	0x10a7c	0xa7c	0x27c	0x0	0x6	AX	0	0	4
.text	PROGBITS	0x10cf8	0xcf8	0xc804	0x0	0x6	AX	0	0	4
.fini	PROGBITS	0x1d4fc	0xd4fc	0x16	0x0	0x6	AX	0	0	1
.rodata	PROGBITS	0x1d514	0xd514	0x14a0	0x0	0x2	A	0	0	4
.eh_frame	PROGBITS	0x1e9b4	0xe9b4	0x4	0x0	0x2	A	0	0	4
.ctors	PROGBITS	0x21f44	0xff44	0x8	0x0	0x3	WA	0	0	4
.dtors	PROGBITS	0x21f4c	0xff4c	0x8	0x0	0x3	WA	0	0	4
.dynamic	DYNAMIC	0x21f54	0xff54	0xa8	0x8	0x3	WA	5	0	4
.got.plt	PROGBITS	0x21ffc	0xfffc	0xd8	0x0	0x3	WA	0	0	4
.data	PROGBITS	0x220d4	0x100d4	0x18	0x0	0x3	WA	0	0	4
.bss	NOBITS	0x220ec	0x100ec	0x270	0x0	0x3	WA	0	0	4
.comment	PROGBITS	0x0	0x100ec	0x43	0x1	0x30	MS	0	0	1
.ARC.attributes	<unknown>	0x0	0x1012f	0x30	0x0	0x0		0	0	1
.shstrtab	STRTAB	0x0	0x1015f	0xa9	0x0	0x0		0	0	1

Program Segments

Type	Offset	Virtual Address	Physical Address	File Size	Memory Size	Entropy	Flags	Flags Description	Align	Prog Interpreter	Section Mappings
PHDR	0x34	0x10034	0x10034	0x100	0x100	2.4777	0x5	R E	0x4
INTERP	0x134	0x10134	0x10134	0x14	0x14	3.6842	0x4	R	0x1	/lib/ld-uClibc.so.0	.interp
LOAD	0x0	0x10000	0x10000	0xe9b8	0xe9b8	6.4172	0x5	R E	0x2000		.interp .note.ABI-tag .hash .dynsym .dynstr .rela.plt .init .plt .text .fini .rodata .eh_frame
LOAD	0xff44	0x21f44	0x21f44	0x1a8	0x418	2.5891	0x6	RW	0x2000		.ctors .dtors .dynamic .got.plt .data .bss
DYNAMIC	0xff54	0x21f54	0x21f54	0xa8	0xa8	1.9754	0x6	RW	0x4		.dynamic
NOTE	0x148	0x10148	0x10148	0x20	0x20	1.4988	0x4	R	0x4		.note.ABI-tag
GNU_STACK	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0.0000	0x6	RW	0x10
GNU_RELRO	0xff44	0x21f44	0x21f44	0xbc	0xbc	2.1662	0x4	R	0x1		.ctors .dtors .dynamic

Dynamic Tags

Type	Meta	Value	Tag
DT_NEEDED	sharedlib	libc.so.0	0x1
DT_INIT	value	0x10a5c	0xc
DT_FINI	value	0x1d500	0xd
DT_HASH	value	0x10168	0x4
DT_STRTAB	value	0x10650	0x5
DT_SYMTAB	value	0x102e0	0x6
DT_STRSZ	bytes	417	0xa
DT_SYMENT	bytes	16	0xb
DT_INIT	value	0x10a5c	0xc
DT_FINI	value	0x1d500	0xd
DT_DEBUG	value	0x0	0x15
DT_PLTGOT	value	0x10a7c	0x3
DT_PLTRELSZ	bytes	612	0x2
DT_PLTREL	pltrel	DT_RELA	0x14
DT_JMPREL	value	0x107f4	0x17
DT_NULL	value	0x0	0x0

Symbols

Name	Section Name	Value	Symbol Type	Symbol Bind	Symbol Visibility	Ndx
	.dynsym	0x0	NOTYPE	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
__bss_start	.dynsym	0x220ec	NOTYPE	<unknown>	DEFAULT	18
__errno_location	.dynsym	0x10c74	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
__uClibc_main	.dynsym	0x10c14	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
_edata	.dynsym	0x220ec	NOTYPE	<unknown>	DEFAULT	17
_end	.dynsym	0x2235c	NOTYPE	<unknown>	DEFAULT	18
bind	.dynsym	0x10b84	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
calloc	.dynsym	0x10b60	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
clock	.dynsym	0x10c98	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
close	.dynsym	0x10cc8	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
closedir	.dynsym	0x10cb0	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
connect	.dynsym	0x10aac	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
exit	.dynsym	0x10c80	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
fcntl	.dynsym	0x10cbc	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
fork	.dynsym	0x10c08	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
free	.dynsym	0x10cd4	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
getpid	.dynsym	0x10ad0	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
getppid	.dynsym	0x10c38	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
getsockname	.dynsym	0x10cec	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
getsockopt	.dynsym	0x10c5c	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
htonl	.dynsym	0x10bd8	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
htons	.dynsym	0x10c68	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
inet_addr	.dynsym	0x10b90	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
ioctl	.dynsym	0x10a94	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
kill	.dynsym	0x10b78	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
listen	.dynsym	0x10bfc	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
malloc	.dynsym	0x10b00	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
memcpy	.dynsym	0x10ae8	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
memmove	.dynsym	0x10ac4	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
memset	.dynsym	0x10c20	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
ntohl	.dynsym	0x10b9c	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
ntohs	.dynsym	0x10c2c	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
open	.dynsym	0x10c8c	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
opendir	.dynsym	0x10c50	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
prctl	.dynsym	0x10adc	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
rand	.dynsym	0x10bb4	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
read	.dynsym	0x10bcc	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
readdir	.dynsym	0x10b3c	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
readlink	.dynsym	0x10af4	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
realloc	.dynsym	0x10bf0	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
recv	.dynsym	0x10aa0	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
recvfrom	.dynsym	0x10b18	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
select	.dynsym	0x10b30	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
send	.dynsym	0x10b54	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
sendto	.dynsym	0x10be4	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
setsid	.dynsym	0x10ca4	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
setsockopt	.dynsym	0x10ba8	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
sigaddset	.dynsym	0x10b48	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
sigemptyset	.dynsym	0x10ab8	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
signal	.dynsym	0x10bc0	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
sigprocmask	.dynsym	0x10ce0	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
sleep	.dynsym	0x10b0c	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
socket	.dynsym	0x10b24	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
time	.dynsym	0x10c44	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF
write	.dynsym	0x10b6c	FUNC	<unknown>	DEFAULT	SHN_UNDEF

Network Behavior

Network Port Distribution

UDP Packets

Timestamp	Source Port	Dest Port	Source IP	Dest IP
Jan 14, 2025 14:30:40.204689980 CET	53121	53	192.168.2.14	1.1.1.1
Jan 14, 2025 14:30:40.204765081 CET	50005	53	192.168.2.14	1.1.1.1
Jan 14, 2025 14:30:40.211807966 CET	53	50005	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.14
Jan 14, 2025 14:30:40.211827040 CET	53	53121	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.14

DNS Queries

Timestamp	Source IP	Dest IP	Trans ID	OP Code	Name	Type	Class	DNS over HTTPS
Jan 14, 2025 14:30:40.204689980 CET	192.168.2.14	1.1.1.1	0x84c3	Standard query (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false
Jan 14, 2025 14:30:40.204765081 CET	192.168.2.14	1.1.1.1	0x5e21	Standard query (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com	28	IN (0x0001)	false

DNS Answers

Timestamp	Source IP	Dest IP	Trans ID	Reply Code	Name	CName	Address	Type	Class	DNS over HTTPS
Jan 14, 2025 14:30:40.211827040 CET	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.14	0x84c3	No error (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com		162.213.35.24	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false
Jan 14, 2025 14:30:40.211827040 CET	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.14	0x84c3	No error (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com		162.213.35.25	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false

Description:	Adversaries may use an OSI non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2 server or among infected hosts within a network. The list of possible protocols is extensive.Specific examples include use of network layer protocols, such as the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), transport layer protocols, such as the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), session layer protocols, such as Socket Secure (SOCKS), as well as redirected/tunneled protocols, such as Serial over LAN (SOL).
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Network, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may communicate using OSI application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Behavior Section

Behavior Chronological

Disassembly

Uncategorized

Graph

Loading Joe Sandbox Report ...

Warning!

Linux Analysis Report arc.elf

Overview

General Information

Detection

Signatures

Classification

General Information

Errors

Runtime Messages

Malware Threat Intel

Yara Signatures

Initial Sample

Suricata Signatures

Joe Sandbox Signatures

AV Detection

Networking

System Summary

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Remote Access Functionality

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Malware Configuration

Behavior Graph

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Dropped Files

Domains

URLs

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

World Map of Contacted IPs

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Domains

ASNs

JA3 Fingerprints

Dropped Files

Created / dropped Files

Static File Info

General

Static ELF Info

ELF header

Sections

Program Segments

Dynamic Tags

Symbols

Network Behavior

Network Port Distribution

UDP Packets

DNS Queries

DNS Answers

System Behavior

Linux Analysis Report
arc.elf