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Linux Analysis Report
Kloki.arm6.elf

Overview

General Information

Sample name:	Kloki.arm6.elf
Analysis ID:	1584106
MD5:	cbd22978306b7e9efb7c07221c7a2a69
SHA1:	14bacd58439e6158982fac1ff5805a8128c20605
SHA256:	a0a114e9f90a3b28dfb45c574e0dbfee7ecc2eee8802550088c635aff6f5ee98
Tags:	elfuser-abuse_ch
Infos:

Detection

Mirai

Score:	64
Range:	0 - 100
Whitelisted:	false

Signatures

Antivirus / Scanner detection for submitted sample

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Yara detected Mirai

Found strings indicative of a multi-platform dropper

Sample contains strings indicative of BusyBox which embeds multiple Unix commands in a single executable

Sample has stripped symbol table

Tries to connect to HTTP servers, but all servers are down (expired dropper behavior)

Uses the "uname" system call to query kernel version information (possible evasion)

Classification

General Information

Joe Sandbox version:	41.0.0 Charoite
Analysis ID:	1584106
Start date and time:	2025-01-04 09:22:06 +01:00
Joe Sandbox product:	CloudBasic
Overall analysis duration:	0h 4m 28s
Hypervisor based Inspection enabled:	false
Report type:	full
Cookbook file name:	defaultlinuxfilecookbook.jbs
Analysis system description:	Ubuntu Linux 20.04 x64 (Kernel 5.4.0-72, Firefox 91.0, Evince Document Viewer 3.36.10, LibreOffice 6.4.7.2, OpenJDK 11.0.11)
Analysis Mode:	default
Sample name:	Kloki.arm6.elf
Detection:	MAL
Classification:	mal64.troj.linELF@0/0@0/0

Runtime Messages

Command:	/tmp/Kloki.arm6.elf
PID:	6256
Exit Code:	139
Exit Code Info:	SIGSEGV (11) Segmentation fault invalid memory reference
Killed:	False
Standard Output:
Standard Error:	qemu: uncaught target signal 11 (Segmentation fault) - core dumped

Process Tree

system is lnxubuntu20

Kloki.arm6.elf (PID: 6256, Parent: 6177, MD5: 5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1) Arguments: /tmp/Kloki.arm6.elf

cleanup

Malware Threat Intel

Provided by

Name	Description	Attribution	Blogpost URLs	Link
Mirai	Mirai is one of the first significant botnets targeting exposed networking devices running Linux. Found in August 2016 by MalwareMustDie, its name means "future" in Japanese. Nowadays it targets a wide range of networked embedded devices such as IP cameras, home routers (many vendors involved), and other IoT devices. Since the source code was published on "Hack Forums" many variants of the Mirai family appeared, infecting mostly home networks all around the world.	No Attribution	http://osint.bambenekconsulting.com/feeds/ http://www.simonroses.com/2016/10/mirai-ddos-botnet-source-code-binary-analysis/ https://blog.malwaremustdie.org/2020/02/mmd-0065-2021-linuxmirai-fbot-re.html https://blog.netlab.360.com/another-lilin-dvr-0-day-being-used-to-spread-mirai-en/ https://blog.netlab.360.com/mirai_ptea-botnet-is-exploiting-undisclosed-kguard-dvr-vulnerability-en/	https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/elf.mirai

Yara Signatures

Initial Sample

Source	Rule	Description	Author	Strings
Kloki.arm6.elf	JoeSecurity_Mirai_8	Yara detected Mirai	Joe Security

Memory Dumps

Source	Rule	Description	Author	Strings
6256.1.00007f75c4017000.00007f75c4038000.r-x.sdmp	JoeSecurity_Mirai_8	Yara detected Mirai	Joe Security

Joe Sandbox Signatures

Click to jump to signature section

Show All Signature Results

AV Detection

Antivirus / Scanner detection for submitted sample

Source: Kloki.arm6.elf

Avira: detected

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Source: Kloki.arm6.elf

ReversingLabs: Detection: 36%

Source: Kloki.arm6.elf

String: %d/proc/self/exe/. ppid/proc/net/tcp/proc//exe/status/fd//dev/null/dev/consolesocket05self/bin/bash/bin/sh/bin/dashbashshftpwgettftpncnetcatnmaptcpdumpsocatcurlbusyboxpythonrebootechoinitcroniptablessshdtelnettelnetdtftpdrshdrexecdftpdxinetdpftp/bin/loginLh

Source: global traffic	TCP traffic: 192.168.2.23:43928 -> 91.189.91.42:443
Source: global traffic	TCP traffic: 192.168.2.23:42836 -> 91.189.91.43:443
Source: global traffic	TCP traffic: 192.168.2.23:42516 -> 109.202.202.202:80

Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.43
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 109.202.202.202
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.43
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 109.202.202.202
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42

Source: unknown	Network traffic detected: HTTP traffic on port 43928 -> 443
Source: unknown	Network traffic detected: HTTP traffic on port 42836 -> 443

Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: busybox
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: %d/proc/self/exe/. ppid/proc/net/tcp/proc//exe/status/fd//dev/null/dev/consolesocket05self/bin/bash/bin/sh/bin/dashbashshftpwgettftpncnetcatnmaptcpdumpsocatcurlbusyboxpythonrebootechoinitcroniptablessshdtelnettelnetdtftpdrshdrexecdftpdxinetdpftp/bin/loginLh

Source: ELF static info symbol of initial sample

.symtab present: no

Source: classification engine

Classification label: mal64.troj.linELF@0/0@0/0

Source: /tmp/Kloki.arm6.elf (PID: 6256)

Queries kernel information via 'uname':

Jump to behavior

Source: Kloki.arm6.elf, 6256.1.000055e309ad4000.000055e309c02000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: U!/etc/qemu-binfmt/arm
Source: Kloki.arm6.elf, 6256.1.00007fffb082f000.00007fffb0850000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: x86_64/usr/bin/qemu-arm/tmp/Kloki.arm6.elfSUDO_USER=saturninoPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/binDISPLAY=:1.0XAUTHORITY=/run/user/1000/gdm/XauthoritySUDO_UID=1000TERM=xterm-256colorCOLORTERM=truecolorLOGNAME=rootUSER=rootLANG=en_US.UTF-8SUDO_COMMAND=/bin/bashHOME=/rootMAIL=/var/mail/rootSUDO_GID=1000SHELL=/bin/bash/tmp/Kloki.arm6.elf
Source: Kloki.arm6.elf, 6256.1.000055e309ad4000.000055e309c02000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /etc/qemu-binfmt/arm
Source: Kloki.arm6.elf, 6256.1.00007fffb082f000.00007fffb0850000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /usr/bin/qemu-arm
Source: Kloki.arm6.elf, 6256.1.00007fffb082f000.00007fffb0850000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: qemu: uncaught target signal 11 (Segmentation fault) - core dumped

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Yara detected Mirai

Source: Yara match	File source: Kloki.arm6.elf, type: SAMPLE
Source: Yara match	File source: 6256.1.00007f75c4017000.00007f75c4038000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY

Remote Access Functionality

Yara detected Mirai

Source: Yara match	File source: Kloki.arm6.elf, type: SAMPLE
Source: Yara match	File source: 6256.1.00007f75c4017000.00007f75c4038000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Reconnaissance	Resource Development	Initial Access	Execution	Persistence	Privilege Escalation	Defense Evasion	Credential Access	Discovery	Lateral Movement	Collection	Command and Control	Exfiltration	Impact
Gather Victim Identity Information	1 Scripting	Valid Accounts	Windows Management Instrumentation	1 Scripting	Path Interception	Direct Volume Access	OS Credential Dumping	11 Security Software Discovery	Remote Services	Data from Local System	1 Encrypted Channel	Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium	Abuse Accessibility Features
Credentials	Domains	Default Accounts	Scheduled Task/Job	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Rootkit	LSASS Memory	Application Window Discovery	Remote Desktop Protocol	Data from Removable Media	1 Application Layer Protocol	Exfiltration Over Bluetooth	Network Denial of Service

Malware Configuration

⊘No configs have been found

Behavior Graph

Hide Legend

Legend:

Process
Signature
Created File
DNS/IP Info
Is Dropped
Number of created Files
Is malicious
Internet

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Source	Detection	Scanner	Label	Link
Kloki.arm6.elf	37%	ReversingLabs	Linux.Backdoor.Mirai
Kloki.arm6.elf	100%	Avira	EXP/ELF.Mirai.W

Dropped Files

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains

⊘No Antivirus matches

URLs

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

⊘No contacted domains info

World Map of Contacted IPs

No. of IPs < 25%
25% < No. of IPs < 50%
50% < No. of IPs < 75%
75% < No. of IPs

Public IPs

IP	Domain	Country	ASN	ASN Name	Malicious
109.202.202.202	unknown	Switzerland	13030	INIT7CH	false
91.189.91.43	unknown	United Kingdom	41231	CANONICAL-ASGB	false
91.189.91.42	unknown	United Kingdom	41231	CANONICAL-ASGB	false

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
109.202.202.202	kpLwzBouH4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	ch.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/f/firefox/firefox_92.0%2bbuild3-0ubuntu0.20.04.1_amd64.deb
91.189.91.43	Fantazy.arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	jefne64.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	Fantazy.arc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	la.bot.powerpc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	la.bot.arc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	la.bot.m68k.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	la.bot.sparc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	la.bot.arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	nklppc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	zerx86.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
91.189.91.42	Fantazy.arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	jefne64.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	Fantazy.arc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	la.bot.powerpc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	la.bot.arc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	la.bot.m68k.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	la.bot.sparc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	la.bot.arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	nklppc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	zerx86.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse

Domains

⊘No context

ASNs

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
CANONICAL-ASGB	Fantazy.arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	jefne64.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	Fantazy.arc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	la.bot.powerpc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	la.bot.mipsel.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	185.125.190.26
	la.bot.arc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	la.bot.m68k.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	la.bot.sparc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	la.bot.arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	nklppc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
CANONICAL-ASGB	Fantazy.arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	jefne64.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	Fantazy.arc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	la.bot.powerpc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	la.bot.mipsel.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	185.125.190.26
	la.bot.arc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	la.bot.m68k.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	la.bot.sparc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	la.bot.arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	nklppc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
INIT7CH	Fantazy.arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202
	Fantazy.i486.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	77.109.170.26
	jefne64.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202
	Fantazy.arc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202
	la.bot.powerpc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202
	la.bot.arc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202
	la.bot.m68k.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202
	la.bot.sparc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202
	la.bot.arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202
	nklppc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202

JA3 Fingerprints

⊘No context

Dropped Files

⊘No context

Created / dropped Files

⊘No created / dropped files found

Static File Info

General

File type:	ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, EABI4 version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, stripped
Entropy (8bit):	5.641714969118218
TrID:	ELF Executable and Linkable format (generic) (4004/1) 100.00%
File name:	Kloki.arm6.elf
File size:	152'156 bytes
MD5:	cbd22978306b7e9efb7c07221c7a2a69
SHA1:	14bacd58439e6158982fac1ff5805a8128c20605
SHA256:	a0a114e9f90a3b28dfb45c574e0dbfee7ecc2eee8802550088c635aff6f5ee98
SHA512:	89336b754fb67ffe51d6d898780ba72384fd4722d8976446e909827e2bd9c0d3fca6c02e03fa4d0f7c5fce3c2fb3b3def54fc1ccfd93e964dd02e82641486363
SSDEEP:	3072:lKH5XNapVAXgWn1jTRGpTXtaBoBbmvRLdv5aP+nn:lKH5XsfAXgWnJRuXtaaBbO5aPu
TLSH:	F5E3F946F8819F15D5D112BEFE1E128E33232B78E2DE72129D146B247B8A87F0E3B515
File Content Preview:	.ELF..............(.....T...4...TP......4. ...(......................................................H..............Q.td..................................-...L..................@-.,@...0....S..... 0....S.........../..0...0...@..../..O............-.@0....S

Static ELF Info

ELF header
Class:	ELF32
Data:	2's complement, little endian
Version:	1 (current)
Machine:	ARM
Version Number:	0x1
Type:	EXEC (Executable file)
OS/ABI:	UNIX - System V
ABI Version:	0
Entry Point Address:	0x8154
Flags:	0x4000002
ELF Header Size:	52
Program Header Offset:	52
Program Header Size:	32
Number of Program Headers:	3
Section Header Offset:	151636
Section Header Size:	40
Number of Section Headers:	13
Header String Table Index:	12

Sections

Name	Type	Address	Offset	Size	EntSize	Flags	Flags Description	Align
	NULL	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0		0
.init	PROGBITS	0x8094	0x94	0x10	0x0	0x6	AX	4
.text	PROGBITS	0x80b0	0xb0	0x1e704	0x0	0x6	AX	16
.fini	PROGBITS	0x267b4	0x1e7b4	0x10	0x0	0x6	AX	4
.rodata	PROGBITS	0x267c8	0x1e7c8	0x1ff8	0x0	0x2	A	8
.init_array	INIT_ARRAY	0x307c4	0x207c8	0x8	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.fini_array	FINI_ARRAY	0x307cc	0x207d0	0x4	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.data.rel.ro	PROGBITS	0x307d4	0x207d8	0x78	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.got	PROGBITS	0x3084c	0x20850	0x11c	0x4	0x3	WA	4
.data	PROGBITS	0x30980	0x20984	0x4654	0x0	0x3	WA	32
.bss	NOBITS	0x34fd8	0x24fd8	0x5884	0x0	0x3	WA	8
.ARM.attributes	ARM_ATTRIBUTES	0x0	0x24fd8	0x10	0x0	0x0		1
.shstrtab	STRTAB	0x0	0x24fe8	0x6a	0x0	0x0		1

Program Segments

Type	Offset	Virtual Address	Physical Address	File Size	Memory Size	Entropy	Flags	Flags Description	Align	Section Mappings
LOAD	0x0	0x8000	0x8000	0x207c0	0x207c0	6.0801	0x5	R E	0x8000	.init .text .fini .rodata
LOAD	0x207c4	0x307c4	0x307c0	0x4814	0xa098	0.4887	0x6	RW	0x8000	.init_array .fini_array .data.rel.ro .got .data .bss
GNU_STACK	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0.0000	0x7	RWE	0x4

Network Behavior

Network Port Distribution

TCP Packets

Timestamp	Source Port	Dest Port	Source IP	Dest IP
Jan 4, 2025 09:22:54.790947914 CET	43928	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.42
Jan 4, 2025 09:23:00.166224957 CET	42836	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.43
Jan 4, 2025 09:23:01.446135044 CET	42516	80	192.168.2.23	109.202.202.202
Jan 4, 2025 09:23:16.292171001 CET	43928	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.42
Jan 4, 2025 09:23:26.530802965 CET	42836	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.43
Jan 4, 2025 09:23:32.673794985 CET	42516	80	192.168.2.23	109.202.202.202
Jan 4, 2025 09:23:57.246376991 CET	43928	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.42

System Behavior

Analysis Process: Kloki.arm6.elf PID: 6256, Parent PID: 6177

General

Start time (UTC):	08:22:51
Start date (UTC):	04/01/2025
Path:	/tmp/Kloki.arm6.elf
Arguments:	/tmp/Kloki.arm6.elf
File size:	4956856 bytes
MD5 hash:	5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1

Description:	This technique has been deprecated. Please use Command and Scripting Interpreter where appropriate.
Tactics:	Defense Evasion, Execution
Data Sources:
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. This may include things such as firewall rules and anti-virus. Adversaries may use the information from Security Software Discovery during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.
Tactics:	Discovery
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, Firewall: Firewall Enumeration, Firewall: Firewall Metadata, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation
Platforms:	Azure AD, Google Workspace, IaaS, Linux, macOS, Office 365, SaaS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may employ a known encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Despite the use of a secure algorithm, these implementations may be vulnerable to reverse engineering if secret keys are encoded and/or generated within malware samples/configuration files.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may communicate using OSI application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Behavior Section

Behavior Chronological

Disassembly

Uncategorized

Graph

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Warning!

Linux Analysis Report Kloki.arm6.elf

Overview

General Information

Detection

Signatures

Classification

General Information

Runtime Messages

Process Tree

Malware Threat Intel

Yara Signatures

Initial Sample

Memory Dumps

Suricata Signatures

Joe Sandbox Signatures

AV Detection

Spreading

Networking

System Summary

Malware Analysis System Evasion

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Remote Access Functionality

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Malware Configuration

Behavior Graph

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Dropped Files

Domains

URLs

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

World Map of Contacted IPs

Public IPs

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Domains

ASNs

JA3 Fingerprints

Dropped Files

Created / dropped Files

Static File Info

General

Static ELF Info

ELF header

Sections

Program Segments

Network Behavior

Network Port Distribution

TCP Packets

System Behavior

Analysis Process: Kloki.arm6.elf PID: 6256, Parent PID: 6177

General

Chronological Activities

Linux Analysis Report
Kloki.arm6.elf