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Linux Analysis Report
nova2.elf

Overview

General Information

Sample name:	nova2.elf
Analysis ID:	1583784
MD5:	b0d134b9c75044e24d810ecfa4b6970a
SHA1:	f70d491ba1976846d25b65e353149eb09ef40164
SHA256:	0e2aeb9b2f0e0ba891cda89feeb22e15b6c1ffae6f8ada5aab9ef585972440b9
Tags:	elfxdr33user-smica83
Infos:

Detection

Score:	48
Range:	0 - 100
Whitelisted:	false

Signatures

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Creates hidden files and/or directories

Creates hidden files without content (potentially used as a mutex)

Sample contains only a LOAD segment without any section mappings

Sample has stripped symbol table

Tries to connect to HTTP servers, but all servers are down (expired dropper behavior)

Uses the "uname" system call to query kernel version information (possible evasion)

Classification

General Information

Joe Sandbox version:	41.0.0 Charoite
Analysis ID:	1583784
Start date and time:	2025-01-03 15:16:04 +01:00
Joe Sandbox product:	CloudBasic
Overall analysis duration:	0h 4m 19s
Hypervisor based Inspection enabled:	false
Report type:	full
Cookbook file name:	defaultlinuxfilecookbook.jbs
Analysis system description:	Ubuntu Linux 20.04 x64 (Kernel 5.4.0-72, Firefox 91.0, Evince Document Viewer 3.36.10, LibreOffice 6.4.7.2, OpenJDK 11.0.11)
Analysis Mode:	default
Sample name:	nova2.elf
Detection:	MAL
Classification:	mal48.linELF@0/0@0/0

Runtime Messages

Command:	/tmp/nova2.elf
PID:	6217
Exit Code:	0
Exit Code Info:
Killed:	False
Standard Output:
Standard Error:

Process Tree

system is lnxubuntu20

nova2.elf (PID: 6217, Parent: 6133, MD5: b0d134b9c75044e24d810ecfa4b6970a) Arguments: /tmp/nova2.elf

cleanup

Yara Signatures

⊘No yara matches

Suricata Signatures

⊘No Suricata rule has matched

Joe Sandbox Signatures

Click to jump to signature section

Show All Signature Results

AV Detection

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Source: nova2.elf	Virustotal: Detection: 10%			Perma Link
Source: nova2.elf	ReversingLabs: Detection: 13%

Source: global traffic	TCP traffic: 192.168.2.23:43928 -> 91.189.91.42:443
Source: global traffic	TCP traffic: 192.168.2.23:42836 -> 91.189.91.43:443
Source: global traffic	TCP traffic: 192.168.2.23:42516 -> 109.202.202.202:80

Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.43
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 109.202.202.202
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.43
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 109.202.202.202
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.43

Source: unknown	Network traffic detected: HTTP traffic on port 43928 -> 443
Source: unknown	Network traffic detected: HTTP traffic on port 42836 -> 443

Source: LOAD without section mappings

Program segment: 0x8048000

Source: ELF static info symbol of initial sample

.symtab present: no

Source: classification engine

Classification label: mal48.linELF@0/0@0/0

Source: /tmp/nova2.elf (PID: 6217)

File: /rw/.config

Jump to behavior

Source: /tmp/nova2.elf (PID: 6217)

Empty hidden file: /rw/.config

Jump to behavior

Source: /tmp/nova2.elf (PID: 6217)

Queries kernel information via 'uname':

Jump to behavior

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Reconnaissance	Resource Development	Initial Access	Execution	Persistence	Privilege Escalation	Defense Evasion	Credential Access	Discovery	Lateral Movement	Collection	Command and Control	Exfiltration	Impact
Gather Victim Identity Information	Acquire Infrastructure	Valid Accounts	Windows Management Instrumentation	Path Interception	Path Interception	1 Hide Artifacts	OS Credential Dumping	1 Security Software Discovery	Remote Services	Data from Local System	1 Encrypted Channel	Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium	Abuse Accessibility Features
Credentials	Domains	Default Accounts	Scheduled Task/Job	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	1 Hidden Files and Directories	LSASS Memory	Application Window Discovery	Remote Desktop Protocol	Data from Removable Media	1 Application Layer Protocol	Exfiltration Over Bluetooth	Network Denial of Service

Malware Configuration

⊘No configs have been found

Behavior Graph

Hide Legend

Legend:

Process
Signature
Created File
DNS/IP Info
Is Dropped
Number of created Files
Is malicious
Internet

Screenshots

Thumbnails

This section contains all screenshots as thumbnails, including those not shown in the slideshow.

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Source	Detection	Scanner	Label	Link
nova2.elf	11%	Virustotal		Browse
nova2.elf	13%	ReversingLabs

Dropped Files

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains

⊘No Antivirus matches

URLs

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

⊘No contacted domains info

World Map of Contacted IPs

No. of IPs < 25%
25% < No. of IPs < 50%
50% < No. of IPs < 75%
75% < No. of IPs

Public IPs

IP	Domain	Country	ASN	ASN Name	Malicious
109.202.202.202	unknown	Switzerland	13030	INIT7CH	false
91.189.91.43	unknown	United Kingdom	41231	CANONICAL-ASGB	false
91.189.91.42	unknown	United Kingdom	41231	CANONICAL-ASGB	false

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
109.202.202.202	kpLwzBouH4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	ch.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/f/firefox/firefox_92.0%2bbuild3-0ubuntu0.20.04.1_amd64.deb
91.189.91.43	154.216.18.23-boatnet.arm7-2025-01-03T11_41_00.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	g.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	aarch643308.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	ARMV7L.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	bash.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	ARMV5L.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	boatnet.mpsl.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	cedhat	Get hash	malicious	Kaiji	Browse
	arc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	m68k.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse
91.189.91.42	154.216.18.23-boatnet.arm7-2025-01-03T11_41_00.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	g.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	aarch643308.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	ARMV7L.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	bash.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	ARMV5L.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	boatnet.mpsl.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	cedhat	Get hash	malicious	Kaiji	Browse
	arc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	m68k.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse

Domains

⊘No context

ASNs

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
CANONICAL-ASGB	154.216.18.23-boatnet.arm7-2025-01-03T11_41_00.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	g.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	aarch643308.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	ARMV7L.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	bash.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	ARMV5L.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	boatnet.mpsl.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	cedhat	Get hash	malicious	Kaiji	Browse	91.189.91.42
	arc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	i586.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	185.125.190.26
CANONICAL-ASGB	154.216.18.23-boatnet.arm7-2025-01-03T11_41_00.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	g.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	aarch643308.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	ARMV7L.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	bash.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	ARMV5L.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	boatnet.mpsl.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	cedhat	Get hash	malicious	Kaiji	Browse	91.189.91.42
	arc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	i586.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	185.125.190.26
INIT7CH	154.216.18.23-boatnet.arm7-2025-01-03T11_41_00.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202
	g.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202
	aarch643308.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202
	ARMV7L.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202
	bash.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202
	ARMV5L.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202
	boatnet.mpsl.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202
	cedhat	Get hash	malicious	Kaiji	Browse	109.202.202.202
	arc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202
	m68k.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202

JA3 Fingerprints

⊘No context

Dropped Files

⊘No context

Created / dropped Files

⊘No created / dropped files found

Static File Info

General

File type:	ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, stripped
Entropy (8bit):	6.636864788119594
TrID:	ELF Executable and Linkable format (generic) (4004/1) 100.00%
File name:	nova2.elf
File size:	614'820 bytes
MD5:	b0d134b9c75044e24d810ecfa4b6970a
SHA1:	f70d491ba1976846d25b65e353149eb09ef40164
SHA256:	0e2aeb9b2f0e0ba891cda89feeb22e15b6c1ffae6f8ada5aab9ef585972440b9
SHA512:	93f1b9a45b61ad56a70375aea7ac20ef116299afefd79b4897a3bb610ea915c6c3585b14501b1d52ac34c9f7a53250ccd20df71c8a1dee2f5f200f3faca7f1a4
SSDEEP:	12288:X8iWKFnlJY9P6DoKZLT6ViTN5U00TWHE1GdQacjha+Rcl3Llz7ph3u6tfUTQe:shKFlJY56DoILT6ViTN5zEMdQaLHlz72
TLSH:	92D45B0AFA92E872F171D0B1428ED772A524AD354117D053FF9F2E68B5392E08B5D32B
File Content Preview:	.ELF....................,...4....^......4. ...(..............................................................................@...@...Q...Q..........................\L..............................................Q.td............................R.td.......

Static ELF Info

ELF header
Class:	ELF32
Data:	2's complement, little endian
Version:	1 (current)
Machine:	Intel 80386
Version Number:	0x1
Type:	EXEC (Executable file)
OS/ABI:	UNIX - System V
ABI Version:	0
Entry Point Address:	0x804972c
Flags:	0x0
ELF Header Size:	52
Program Header Offset:	52
Program Header Size:	32
Number of Program Headers:	7
Section Header Offset:	614100
Section Header Size:	40
Number of Section Headers:	18
Header String Table Index:	17

Sections

Name	Type	Address	Offset	Size	EntSize	Flags	Flags Description	Align
	NULL	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0		0
.init	PROGBITS	0x8049000	0x1000	0x1c	0x0	0x6	AX	1
.text	PROGBITS	0x8049020	0x1020	0x6ab62	0x0	0x6	AX	16
.fini	PROGBITS	0x80b3b82	0x6bb82	0x17	0x0	0x6	AX	1
.rodata	PROGBITS	0x80b4000	0x6c000	0xfe20	0x0	0x2	A	32
.eh_frame	PROGBITS	0x80c3e20	0x7be20	0x15388	0x0	0x2	A	4
.gcc_except_table	PROGBITS	0x80d91a8	0x911a8	0xe	0x0	0x2	A	1
.tdata	PROGBITS	0x80da1cc	0x911cc	0x4	0x0	0x403	WAT	4
.tbss	NOBITS	0x80da1d0	0x911d0	0x8	0x0	0x403	WAT	4
.ctors	PROGBITS	0x80da1d0	0x911d0	0x8	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.dtors	PROGBITS	0x80da1d8	0x911d8	0x8	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.data.rel.ro	PROGBITS	0x80da1e0	0x911e0	0x2df0	0x0	0x3	WA	32
.got	PROGBITS	0x80dcfd0	0x93fd0	0x20	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.got.plt	PROGBITS	0x80dd000	0x94000	0xc	0x4	0x3	WA	4
.data	PROGBITS	0x80dd020	0x94020	0x1e08	0x0	0x3	WA	32
.bss	NOBITS	0x80dee40	0x95e28	0x18d40	0x0	0x3	WA	32
.comment	PROGBITS	0x0	0x95e28	0x21	0x1	0x30	MS	1
.shstrtab	STRTAB	0x0	0x95e49	0x8b	0x0	0x0		1

Program Segments

Type	Offset	Virtual Address	Physical Address	File Size	Memory Size	Entropy	Flags	Flags Description	Align	Section Mappings
LOAD	0x0	0x8048000	0x8048000	0x114	0x114	3.3628	0x4	R	0x1000
LOAD	0x1000	0x8049000	0x8049000	0x6ab99	0x6ab99	6.5470	0x5	R E	0x1000	.init .text .fini
LOAD	0x6c000	0x80b4000	0x80b4000	0x251b6	0x251b6	6.2832	0x4	R	0x1000	.rodata .eh_frame .gcc_except_table
LOAD	0x911cc	0x80da1cc	0x80da1cc	0x4c5c	0x1d9b4	4.6314	0x6	RW	0x1000	.tdata .tbss .ctors .dtors .data.rel.ro .got .got.plt .data .bss
TLS	0x911cc	0x80da1cc	0x80da1cc	0x4	0xc	2.0000	0x4	R	0x4	.tdata .tbss
GNU_STACK	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0.0000	0x6	RW	0x10
GNU_RELRO	0x911cc	0x80da1cc	0x80da1cc	0x2e34	0x2e34	3.3126	0x4	R	0x1	.tdata .tbss .ctors .dtors .data.rel.ro .got

Network Behavior

Network Port Distribution

TCP Packets

Timestamp	Source Port	Dest Port	Source IP	Dest IP
Jan 3, 2025 15:16:42.018202066 CET	43928	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.42
Jan 3, 2025 15:16:47.393520117 CET	42836	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.43
Jan 3, 2025 15:16:48.929330111 CET	42516	80	192.168.2.23	109.202.202.202
Jan 3, 2025 15:17:03.007267952 CET	43928	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.42
Jan 3, 2025 15:17:13.245958090 CET	42836	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.43
Jan 3, 2025 15:17:19.389045000 CET	42516	80	192.168.2.23	109.202.202.202
Jan 3, 2025 15:17:43.961571932 CET	43928	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.42
Jan 3, 2025 15:18:04.438611031 CET	42836	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.43

System Behavior

Analysis Process: nova2.elf PID: 6217, Parent PID: 6133

General

Start time (UTC):	14:16:39
Start date (UTC):	03/01/2025
Path:	/tmp/nova2.elf
Arguments:	/tmp/nova2.elf
File size:	614820 bytes
MD5 hash:	b0d134b9c75044e24d810ecfa4b6970a

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to hide artifacts associated with their behaviors to evade detection. Operating systems may have features to hide various artifacts, such as important system files and administrative task execution, to avoid disrupting user work environments and prevent users from changing files or features on the system. Adversaries may abuse these features to hide artifacts such as files, directories, user accounts, or other system activity to evade detection.
Tactics:	Defense Evasion
Data Sources:	Application Log: Application Log Content, Command: Command Execution, File: File Creation, File: File Metadata, File: File Modification, Firmware: Firmware Modification, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation, Script: Script Execution, Service: Service Creation, User Account: User Account Creation, User Account: User Account Metadata, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Modification
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Office 365, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may set files and directories to be hidden to evade detection mechanisms. To prevent normal users from accidentally changing special files on a system, most operating systems have the concept of a ‘hidden’ file. These files don’t show up when a user browses the file system with a GUI or when using normal commands on the command line. Users must explicitly ask to show the hidden files either via a series of Graphical User Interface (GUI) prompts or with command line switches ( `dir /a` for Windows and `ls –a` for Linux and macOS).
Tactics:	Defense Evasion
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, File: File Creation, File: File Metadata, Process: Process Creation
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. This may include things such as firewall rules and anti-virus. Adversaries may use the information from Security Software Discovery during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.
Tactics:	Discovery
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, Firewall: Firewall Enumeration, Firewall: Firewall Metadata, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation
Platforms:	Azure AD, Google Workspace, IaaS, Linux, macOS, Office 365, SaaS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may employ a known encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Despite the use of a secure algorithm, these implementations may be vulnerable to reverse engineering if secret keys are encoded and/or generated within malware samples/configuration files.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may communicate using OSI application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Behavior Section

Behavior Chronological

Disassembly

Uncategorized

Graph

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Warning!

Linux Analysis Report nova2.elf

Overview

General Information

Detection

Signatures

Classification

General Information

Runtime Messages

Process Tree

Yara Signatures

Suricata Signatures

Joe Sandbox Signatures

AV Detection

Networking

System Summary

Persistence and Installation Behavior

Malware Analysis System Evasion

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Malware Configuration

Behavior Graph

Screenshots

Thumbnails

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Dropped Files

Domains

URLs

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

World Map of Contacted IPs

Public IPs

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Domains

ASNs

JA3 Fingerprints

Dropped Files

Created / dropped Files

Static File Info

General

Static ELF Info

ELF header

Sections

Program Segments

Network Behavior

Network Port Distribution

TCP Packets

System Behavior

Analysis Process: nova2.elf PID: 6217, Parent PID: 6133

General

Chronological Activities

Linux Analysis Report
nova2.elf