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Linux Analysis Report
rebirth.arm4.elf

Overview

General Information

Sample name:	rebirth.arm4.elf
Analysis ID:	1582123
MD5:	8b3add14c03e44994a8687b04586784c
SHA1:	e9e69f14253bd82bf0e555335115eb25412eb094
SHA256:	34dc3e69779852517064b1ffd5464825a07f8e727568b49735e51ca3a7c617a9
Tags:	elfuser-abuse_ch
Infos:

Detection

Gafgyt

Score:	76
Range:	0 - 100
Whitelisted:	false

Signatures

Antivirus / Scanner detection for submitted sample

Found malware configuration

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Yara detected Gafgyt

Opens /proc/net/* files useful for finding connected devices and routers

Detected TCP or UDP traffic on non-standard ports

Uses the "uname" system call to query kernel version information (possible evasion)

Classification

General Information

Joe Sandbox version:	41.0.0 Charoite
Analysis ID:	1582123
Start date and time:	2024-12-30 02:34:23 +01:00
Joe Sandbox product:	CloudBasic
Overall analysis duration:	0h 5m 13s
Hypervisor based Inspection enabled:	false
Report type:	full
Cookbook file name:	defaultlinuxfilecookbook.jbs
Analysis system description:	Ubuntu Linux 20.04 x64 (Kernel 5.4.0-72, Firefox 91.0, Evince Document Viewer 3.36.10, LibreOffice 6.4.7.2, OpenJDK 11.0.11)
Analysis Mode:	default
Sample name:	rebirth.arm4.elf
Detection:	MAL
Classification:	mal76.spre.troj.linELF@0/0@2/0

Warnings

VT rate limit hit for: 87.120.113.63:666

Runtime Messages

Command:	/tmp/rebirth.arm4.elf
PID:	5839
Exit Code:	0
Exit Code Info:
Killed:	False
Standard Output:
Standard Error:

Process Tree

system is lnxubuntu20

rebirth.arm4.elf (PID: 5839, Parent: 5765, MD5: 5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1) Arguments: /tmp/rebirth.arm4.elf

rebirth.arm4.elf New Fork (PID: 5841, Parent: 5839)

rebirth.arm4.elf New Fork (PID: 5843, Parent: 5841)

cleanup

Malware Threat Intel

Provided by

Name	Description	Attribution	Blogpost URLs	Link
Bashlite, Gafgyt	Bashlite is a malware family which infects Linux systems in order to launch distributed denial-of-service attacks (DDoS). Originally it was also known under the name Bashdoor, but this term now refers to the exploit method used by the malware. It has been used to launch attacks of up to 400 Gbps.	No Attribution	http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/bashlite-affects-devices-running-on-busybox/ https://blog.cyber5w.com/gafgyt-backdoor-analysis https://blog.netlab.360.com/gafgtyt_tor-and-necro-are-on-the-move-again/ https://blog.netlab.360.com/public-cloud-threat-intelligence-202203/ https://blog.netlab.360.com/some_details_of_the_ddos_attacks_targeting_ukraine_and_russia_in_recent_days/	https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/elf.bashlite

Yara Signatures

Initial Sample

Source	Rule	Description	Author	Strings
rebirth.arm4.elf	JoeSecurity_Gafgyt	Yara detected Gafgyt	Joe Security

Suricata Signatures

⊘No Suricata rule has matched

Joe Sandbox Signatures

Click to jump to signature section

Show All Signature Results

AV Detection

Antivirus / Scanner detection for submitted sample

Source: rebirth.arm4.elf

Avira: detected

Found malware configuration

Source: rebirth.arm4.elf

Malware Configuration Extractor: Gafgyt {"C2 url": "87.120.113.63:666"}

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Source: rebirth.arm4.elf	Virustotal: Detection: 60%			Perma Link
Source: rebirth.arm4.elf	ReversingLabs: Detection: 65%

Spreading

Opens /proc/net/* files useful for finding connected devices and routers

Source: /tmp/rebirth.arm4.elf (PID: 5839)

Opens: /proc/net/route

Jump to behavior

Source: global traffic

TCP traffic: 192.168.2.15:33370 -> 87.120.113.63:666

Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 87.120.113.63
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 87.120.113.63
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 87.120.113.63
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 87.120.113.63
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 87.120.113.63
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 87.120.113.63
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 87.120.113.63
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 87.120.113.63
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 87.120.113.63
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 87.120.113.63
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 87.120.113.63
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 87.120.113.63

Source: global traffic

DNS traffic detected: DNS query: daisy.ubuntu.com

Source: classification engine

Classification label: mal76.spre.troj.linELF@0/0@2/0

Source: /tmp/rebirth.arm4.elf (PID: 5839)

Queries kernel information via 'uname':

Jump to behavior

Source: rebirth.arm4.elf, 5839.1.00005582a0c4b000.00005582a0d79000.rw-.sdmp, rebirth.arm4.elf, 5841.1.00005582a0c4b000.00005582a0d79000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: U!/etc/qemu-binfmt/arm
Source: rebirth.arm4.elf, 5839.1.00005582a0c4b000.00005582a0d79000.rw-.sdmp, rebirth.arm4.elf, 5841.1.00005582a0c4b000.00005582a0d79000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /etc/qemu-binfmt/arm
Source: rebirth.arm4.elf, 5839.1.00007fffb78ba000.00007fffb78db000.rw-.sdmp, rebirth.arm4.elf, 5841.1.00007fffb78ba000.00007fffb78db000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /usr/bin/qemu-arm
Source: rebirth.arm4.elf, 5839.1.00007fffb78ba000.00007fffb78db000.rw-.sdmp, rebirth.arm4.elf, 5841.1.00007fffb78ba000.00007fffb78db000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: x86_64/usr/bin/qemu-arm/tmp/rebirth.arm4.elfSUDO_USER=saturninoPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/binDISPLAY=:1.0XAUTHORITY=/run/user/1000/gdm/XauthoritySUDO_UID=1000TERM=xterm-256colorCOLORTERM=truecolorLOGNAME=rootUSER=rootLANG=en_US.UTF-8SUDO_COMMAND=/bin/bashHOME=/rootMAIL=/var/mail/rootSUDO_GID=1000SHELL=/bin/bash/tmp/rebirth.arm4.elf

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Yara detected Gafgyt

Source: Yara match

File source: rebirth.arm4.elf, type: SAMPLE

Remote Access Functionality

Yara detected Gafgyt

Source: Yara match

File source: rebirth.arm4.elf, type: SAMPLE

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Reconnaissance	Resource Development	Initial Access	Execution	Persistence	Privilege Escalation	Defense Evasion	Credential Access	Discovery	Lateral Movement	Collection	Command and Control	Exfiltration	Impact
Gather Victim Identity Information	Acquire Infrastructure	Valid Accounts	Windows Management Instrumentation	Path Interception	Path Interception	Direct Volume Access	OS Credential Dumping	11 Security Software Discovery	Remote Services	Data from Local System	1 Non-Standard Port	Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium	Abuse Accessibility Features
Credentials	Domains	Default Accounts	Scheduled Task/Job	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Rootkit	LSASS Memory	1 Remote System Discovery	Remote Desktop Protocol	Data from Removable Media	1 Non-Application Layer Protocol	Exfiltration Over Bluetooth	Network Denial of Service
Email Addresses	DNS Server	Domain Accounts	At	Logon Script (Windows)	Logon Script (Windows)	Obfuscated Files or Information	Security Account Manager	Query Registry	SMB/Windows Admin Shares	Data from Network Shared Drive	1 Application Layer Protocol	Automated Exfiltration	Data Encrypted for Impact

Malware Configuration

Threatname: Gafgyt

{"C2 url": "87.120.113.63:666"}

Behavior Graph

Hide Legend

Legend:

Process
Signature
Created File
DNS/IP Info
Is Dropped
Number of created Files
Is malicious
Internet

Screenshots

Thumbnails

This section contains all screenshots as thumbnails, including those not shown in the slideshow.

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Source	Detection	Scanner	Label	Link
rebirth.arm4.elf	60%	Virustotal		Browse
rebirth.arm4.elf	66%	ReversingLabs	Linux.Backdoor.Gafgyt
rebirth.arm4.elf	100%	Avira	LINUX/Gafgyt.opnd

Dropped Files

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains

⊘No Antivirus matches

URLs

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

Name	IP	Active	Malicious	Antivirus Detection	Reputation
daisy.ubuntu.com	162.213.35.24	true	false		high

Contacted URLs

Name	Malicious	Antivirus Detection	Reputation
87.120.113.63:666	true		unknown

World Map of Contacted IPs

No. of IPs < 25%
25% < No. of IPs < 50%
50% < No. of IPs < 75%
75% < No. of IPs

Public IPs

IP	Domain	Country	Flag	ASN	ASN Name	Malicious
87.120.113.63	unknown	Bulgaria		25206	UNACS-AS-BG8000BurgasBG	true

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
87.120.113.63	rebirth.i686.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse

Domains

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
daisy.ubuntu.com	dlr.arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	162.213.35.24
	rebirth.arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse	162.213.35.24
	rebirth.i686.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse	162.213.35.25
	loligang.m68k.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.24
	dlr.arm.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	162.213.35.25
	loligang.arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.24
	loligang.arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.24
	mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse	162.213.35.25
	sh4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse	162.213.35.25
	x86.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Moobot	Browse	162.213.35.25

ASNs

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
UNACS-AS-BG8000BurgasBG	rebirth.i686.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse	87.120.113.63
	LPO-0048532025.lnk	Get hash	malicious	DarkVision Rat	Browse	87.120.113.91
	39382629.exe	Get hash	malicious	RedLine	Browse	87.120.120.7
	bot.ppc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Gafgyt, Okiru	Browse	87.120.112.234
	bot.mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Gafgyt, Okiru	Browse	87.120.112.234
	bot.sh4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Gafgyt, Okiru	Browse	87.120.112.234
	bot.arm.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Gafgyt, Okiru	Browse	87.120.112.234
	arm7.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	87.120.114.32
	x86_64.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	87.120.114.32
	bot.mpsl.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai, Gafgyt, Okiru	Browse	87.120.112.234

JA3 Fingerprints

⊘No context

Dropped Files

⊘No context

Created / dropped Files

⊘No created / dropped files found

Static File Info

General

File type:
Entropy (8bit):	5.90616927029017
TrID:	ELF Executable and Linkable format (generic) (4004/1) 100.00%
File name:	rebirth.arm4.elf
File size:	111'561 bytes
MD5:	8b3add14c03e44994a8687b04586784c
SHA1:	e9e69f14253bd82bf0e555335115eb25412eb094
SHA256:	34dc3e69779852517064b1ffd5464825a07f8e727568b49735e51ca3a7c617a9
SHA512:	f416e22b3a92902c69d372482e4f3017cc22d3df7bdc356e10d345a1c123df7561f02a54089d0261c5b742be0d336cffa45dd23ca80d45333987b5c32c2050c0
SSDEEP:	3072:HgvUxOcKFN+B9Jy8D3XvpIhfX44CHz9cm7QnKQXaeW:HDEKXy8rvOFX44CZcm7QnKGaeW
TLSH:	3EB30741D6548627C2D32B7BAB9F438D3336AA54A7E733195528BFF03BC27981E3A111
File Content Preview:	.ELF...a..........(.........4...lB......4. ...(.......................................... ... ... .......i..........Q.td..................................-...L."....@..........0@-.\P...0....S.0...P@...0... ....R......0...0...........0... ....R..... 0....S

Network Behavior

Network Port Distribution

TCP Packets

Timestamp	Source Port	Dest Port	Source IP	Dest IP
Dec 30, 2024 02:35:29.605858088 CET	33370	666	192.168.2.15	87.120.113.63
Dec 30, 2024 02:35:29.611546040 CET	666	33370	87.120.113.63	192.168.2.15
Dec 30, 2024 02:35:29.611598015 CET	33370	666	192.168.2.15	87.120.113.63
Dec 30, 2024 02:35:29.612641096 CET	33370	666	192.168.2.15	87.120.113.63
Dec 30, 2024 02:35:29.617530107 CET	666	33370	87.120.113.63	192.168.2.15
Dec 30, 2024 02:35:40.914956093 CET	666	33370	87.120.113.63	192.168.2.15
Dec 30, 2024 02:35:40.915015936 CET	666	33370	87.120.113.63	192.168.2.15
Dec 30, 2024 02:35:40.915024996 CET	666	33370	87.120.113.63	192.168.2.15
Dec 30, 2024 02:35:40.915242910 CET	33370	666	192.168.2.15	87.120.113.63
Dec 30, 2024 02:35:40.915244102 CET	33370	666	192.168.2.15	87.120.113.63
Dec 30, 2024 02:35:40.915244102 CET	33370	666	192.168.2.15	87.120.113.63
Dec 30, 2024 02:36:40.649950027 CET	666	33370	87.120.113.63	192.168.2.15
Dec 30, 2024 02:36:40.650054932 CET	33370	666	192.168.2.15	87.120.113.63
Dec 30, 2024 02:36:40.775428057 CET	666	33370	87.120.113.63	192.168.2.15
Dec 30, 2024 02:36:40.775492907 CET	33370	666	192.168.2.15	87.120.113.63
Dec 30, 2024 02:37:40.658497095 CET	666	33370	87.120.113.63	192.168.2.15
Dec 30, 2024 02:37:40.658729076 CET	33370	666	192.168.2.15	87.120.113.63
Dec 30, 2024 02:37:40.776647091 CET	666	33370	87.120.113.63	192.168.2.15
Dec 30, 2024 02:37:40.776773930 CET	33370	666	192.168.2.15	87.120.113.63
Dec 30, 2024 02:38:15.317630053 CET	55766	53	192.168.2.15	8.8.8.8
Dec 30, 2024 02:38:15.322465897 CET	53	55766	8.8.8.8	192.168.2.15
Dec 30, 2024 02:38:15.322525024 CET	55766	53	192.168.2.15	8.8.8.8
Dec 30, 2024 02:38:15.322551966 CET	55766	53	192.168.2.15	8.8.8.8
Dec 30, 2024 02:38:15.322573900 CET	55766	53	192.168.2.15	8.8.8.8
Dec 30, 2024 02:38:15.327322960 CET	53	55766	8.8.8.8	192.168.2.15
Dec 30, 2024 02:38:15.327336073 CET	53	55766	8.8.8.8	192.168.2.15
Dec 30, 2024 02:38:15.750531912 CET	53	55766	8.8.8.8	192.168.2.15
Dec 30, 2024 02:38:15.750606060 CET	55766	53	192.168.2.15	8.8.8.8
Dec 30, 2024 02:38:15.878941059 CET	53	55766	8.8.8.8	192.168.2.15
Dec 30, 2024 02:38:15.878983974 CET	55766	53	192.168.2.15	8.8.8.8
Dec 30, 2024 02:38:17.750606060 CET	53	55766	8.8.8.8	192.168.2.15
Dec 30, 2024 02:38:17.750888109 CET	55766	53	192.168.2.15	8.8.8.8
Dec 30, 2024 02:38:17.755738974 CET	53	55766	8.8.8.8	192.168.2.15
Dec 30, 2024 02:38:40.666809082 CET	666	33370	87.120.113.63	192.168.2.15
Dec 30, 2024 02:38:40.667069912 CET	33370	666	192.168.2.15	87.120.113.63
Dec 30, 2024 02:38:40.793420076 CET	666	33370	87.120.113.63	192.168.2.15
Dec 30, 2024 02:38:40.793694019 CET	33370	666	192.168.2.15	87.120.113.63

DNS Queries

Timestamp	Source IP	Dest IP	Trans ID	OP Code	Name	Type	Class	DNS over HTTPS
Dec 30, 2024 02:38:15.322551966 CET	192.168.2.15	8.8.8.8	0x788a	Standard query (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false
Dec 30, 2024 02:38:15.322573900 CET	192.168.2.15	8.8.8.8	0xd92	Standard query (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com	28	IN (0x0001)	false

DNS Answers

Timestamp	Source IP	Dest IP	Trans ID	Reply Code	Name	CName	Address	Type	Class	DNS over HTTPS
Dec 30, 2024 02:38:15.750531912 CET	8.8.8.8	192.168.2.15	0x788a	No error (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com		162.213.35.24	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false
Dec 30, 2024 02:38:15.750531912 CET	8.8.8.8	192.168.2.15	0x788a	No error (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com		162.213.35.25	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false

System Behavior

Analysis Process: rebirth.arm4.elf PID: 5839, Parent PID: 5765

General

Start time (UTC):	01:35:28
Start date (UTC):	30/12/2024
Path:	/tmp/rebirth.arm4.elf
Arguments:	/tmp/rebirth.arm4.elf
File size:	4956856 bytes
MD5 hash:	5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: rebirth.arm4.elf PID: 5841, Parent PID: 5839

General

Start time (UTC):	01:35:28
Start date (UTC):	30/12/2024
Path:	/tmp/rebirth.arm4.elf
Arguments:	-
File size:	4956856 bytes
MD5 hash:	5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: rebirth.arm4.elf PID: 5843, Parent PID: 5841

General

Start time (UTC):	01:35:28
Start date (UTC):	30/12/2024
Path:	/tmp/rebirth.arm4.elf
Arguments:	-
File size:	4956856 bytes
MD5 hash:	5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. This may include things such as firewall rules and anti-virus. Adversaries may use the information from Security Software Discovery during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.
Tactics:	Discovery
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, Firewall: Firewall Enumeration, Firewall: Firewall Metadata, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation
Platforms:	Azure AD, Google Workspace, IaaS, Linux, macOS, Office 365, SaaS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of other systems by IP address, hostname, or other logical identifier on a network that may be used for Lateral Movement from the current system. Functionality could exist within remote access tools to enable this, but utilities available on the operating system could also be used such as Ping or `net view` using Net .
Tactics:	Discovery
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, File: File Access, Network Traffic: Network Connection Creation, Process: Process Creation
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Network, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may communicate using a protocol and port pairing that are typically not associated. For example, HTTPS over port 8088or port 587as opposed to the traditional port 443. Adversaries may make changes to the standard port used by a protocol to bypass filtering or muddle analysis/parsing of network data.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may use an OSI non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2 server or among infected hosts within a network. The list of possible protocols is extensive.Specific examples include use of network layer protocols, such as the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), transport layer protocols, such as the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), session layer protocols, such as Socket Secure (SOCKS), as well as redirected/tunneled protocols, such as Serial over LAN (SOL).
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Network, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may communicate using OSI application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Behavior Section

Behavior Chronological

Disassembly

Uncategorized

Graph

Loading Joe Sandbox Report ...

Warning!

Linux Analysis Report rebirth.arm4.elf

Overview

General Information

Detection

Signatures

Classification

General Information

Warnings

Runtime Messages

Process Tree

Malware Threat Intel

Yara Signatures

Initial Sample

Suricata Signatures

Joe Sandbox Signatures

AV Detection

Spreading

Networking

System Summary

Malware Analysis System Evasion

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Remote Access Functionality

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Malware Configuration

Threatname: Gafgyt

Behavior Graph

Screenshots

Thumbnails

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Dropped Files

Domains

URLs

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

Contacted URLs

World Map of Contacted IPs

Public IPs

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Domains

ASNs

JA3 Fingerprints

Dropped Files

Created / dropped Files

Static File Info

General

Network Behavior

Network Port Distribution

TCP Packets

DNS Queries

DNS Answers

System Behavior

Analysis Process: rebirth.arm4.elf PID: 5839, Parent PID: 5765

General

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: rebirth.arm4.elf PID: 5841, Parent PID: 5839

General

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: rebirth.arm4.elf PID: 5843, Parent PID: 5841

General

Chronological Activities

Linux Analysis Report
rebirth.arm4.elf