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Linux Analysis Report
mpsl.elf

Overview

General Information

Sample name:	mpsl.elf
Analysis ID:	1581692
MD5:	0101c12911499bdae03eeb5bcdd78174
SHA1:	40187f2b281c983c7cad9bb87bd1661d6a03f468
SHA256:	5a330fbbfe279226a5e39748363441fcb001fbd4ddcaeed8cc41e65ca2b6a64e
Tags:	elfuser-abuse_ch
Infos:

Detection

Gafgyt

Score:	56
Range:	0 - 100
Whitelisted:	false

Signatures

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Yara detected Gafgyt

Sample contains strings indicative of BusyBox which embeds multiple Unix commands in a single executable

Sample has stripped symbol table

Sample listens on a socket

Tries to connect to HTTP servers, but all servers are down (expired dropper behavior)

Uses the "uname" system call to query kernel version information (possible evasion)

Classification

General Information

Joe Sandbox version:	41.0.0 Charoite
Analysis ID:	1581692
Start date and time:	2024-12-28 17:31:07 +01:00
Joe Sandbox product:	CloudBasic
Overall analysis duration:	0h 4m 35s
Hypervisor based Inspection enabled:	false
Report type:	full
Cookbook file name:	defaultlinuxfilecookbook.jbs
Analysis system description:	Ubuntu Linux 20.04 x64 (Kernel 5.4.0-72, Firefox 91.0, Evince Document Viewer 3.36.10, LibreOffice 6.4.7.2, OpenJDK 11.0.11)
Analysis Mode:	default
Sample name:	mpsl.elf
Detection:	MAL
Classification:	mal56.troj.linELF@0/0@0/0

Runtime Messages

Command:	/tmp/mpsl.elf
PID:	6264
Exit Code:	0
Exit Code Info:
Killed:	False
Standard Output:	listening dn0
Standard Error:

Process Tree

system is lnxubuntu20

mpsl.elf (PID: 6264, Parent: 6191, MD5: 0d6f61f82cf2f781c6eb0661071d42d9) Arguments: /tmp/mpsl.elf

mpsl.elf New Fork (PID: 6266, Parent: 6264)

cleanup

Malware Threat Intel

Provided by

Name	Description	Attribution	Blogpost URLs	Link
Bashlite, Gafgyt	Bashlite is a malware family which infects Linux systems in order to launch distributed denial-of-service attacks (DDoS). Originally it was also known under the name Bashdoor, but this term now refers to the exploit method used by the malware. It has been used to launch attacks of up to 400 Gbps.	No Attribution	http://blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/bashlite-affects-devices-running-on-busybox/ https://blog.cyber5w.com/gafgyt-backdoor-analysis https://blog.netlab.360.com/gafgtyt_tor-and-necro-are-on-the-move-again/ https://blog.netlab.360.com/public-cloud-threat-intelligence-202203/ https://blog.netlab.360.com/some_details_of_the_ddos_attacks_targeting_ukraine_and_russia_in_recent_days/	https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/elf.bashlite

Yara Signatures

Initial Sample

Source	Rule	Description	Author	Strings
mpsl.elf	JoeSecurity_Gafgyt	Yara detected Gafgyt	Joe Security

Memory Dumps

Source	Rule	Description	Author	Strings
6264.1.00007fa8ac400000.00007fa8ac42e000.r-x.sdmp	JoeSecurity_Gafgyt	Yara detected Gafgyt	Joe Security
6266.1.00007fa8ac400000.00007fa8ac42e000.r-x.sdmp	JoeSecurity_Gafgyt	Yara detected Gafgyt	Joe Security

Suricata Signatures

⊘No Suricata rule has matched

Joe Sandbox Signatures

Click to jump to signature section

Show All Signature Results

AV Detection

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Source: mpsl.elf

ReversingLabs: Detection: 15%

Source: /tmp/mpsl.elf (PID: 6264)

Socket: 127.0.0.1:8345

Jump to behavior

Source: global traffic	TCP traffic: 192.168.2.23:43928 -> 91.189.91.42:443
Source: global traffic	TCP traffic: 192.168.2.23:42836 -> 91.189.91.43:443
Source: global traffic	TCP traffic: 192.168.2.23:42516 -> 109.202.202.202:80

Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.43
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 109.202.202.202
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.43
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 109.202.202.202
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.43

Source: unknown	Network traffic detected: HTTP traffic on port 43928 -> 443
Source: unknown	Network traffic detected: HTTP traffic on port 42836 -> 443

Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: /bin/busybox iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 26721 -j ACCEPT
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: busybox iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 26721 -j ACCEPT
Source: Initial sample	String containing 'busybox' found: [KILLER] Failed to kill process/proc/%d/fd/usr/bin//usr/sbin//lib//lib64//sys//proc/self//proc/thread-self/socketsetsockoptbindlisten1.1.1.1hi im here, i think/bin/busybox iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 26721 -j ACCEPT/usr/bin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 26721 -j ACCEPTbusybox iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 26721 -j ACCEPTbindtoipconnectpoll/proc/net/tcp/proc/0

Source: ELF static info symbol of initial sample

.symtab present: no

Source: classification engine

Classification label: mal56.troj.linELF@0/0@0/0

Source: /tmp/mpsl.elf (PID: 6264)

Queries kernel information via 'uname':

Jump to behavior

Source: mpsl.elf, 6264.1.00007ffd92e6c000.00007ffd92e8d000.rw-.sdmp, mpsl.elf, 6266.1.00007ffd92e6c000.00007ffd92e8d000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: `x86_64/usr/bin/qemu-mipsel/tmp/mpsl.elfSUDO_USER=saturninoPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/binDISPLAY=:1.0XAUTHORITY=/run/user/1000/gdm/XauthoritySUDO_UID=1000TERM=xterm-256colorCOLORTERM=truecolorLOGNAME=rootUSER=rootLANG=en_US.UTF-8SUDO_COMMAND=/bin/bashHOME=/rootMAIL=/var/mail/rootSUDO_GID=1000SHELL=/bin/bash/tmp/mpsl.elf
Source: mpsl.elf, 6264.1.000055bcfaa81000.000055bcfab2b000.rw-.sdmp, mpsl.elf, 6266.1.000055bcfaa81000.000055bcfab2b000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /etc/qemu-binfmt/mipsel
Source: mpsl.elf, 6264.1.000055bcfaa81000.000055bcfab2b000.rw-.sdmp, mpsl.elf, 6266.1.000055bcfaa81000.000055bcfab2b000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: U!/etc/qemu-binfmt/mipsel
Source: mpsl.elf, 6264.1.00007ffd92e6c000.00007ffd92e8d000.rw-.sdmp, mpsl.elf, 6266.1.00007ffd92e6c000.00007ffd92e8d000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /usr/bin/qemu-mipsel

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Yara detected Gafgyt

Source: Yara match	File source: mpsl.elf, type: SAMPLE
Source: Yara match	File source: 6264.1.00007fa8ac400000.00007fa8ac42e000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY
Source: Yara match	File source: 6266.1.00007fa8ac400000.00007fa8ac42e000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY

Remote Access Functionality

Yara detected Gafgyt

Source: Yara match	File source: mpsl.elf, type: SAMPLE
Source: Yara match	File source: 6264.1.00007fa8ac400000.00007fa8ac42e000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY
Source: Yara match	File source: 6266.1.00007fa8ac400000.00007fa8ac42e000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Reconnaissance	Resource Development	Initial Access	Execution	Persistence	Privilege Escalation	Defense Evasion	Credential Access	Discovery	Lateral Movement	Collection	Command and Control	Exfiltration	Impact
Gather Victim Identity Information	Acquire Infrastructure	Valid Accounts	Windows Management Instrumentation	Path Interception	Path Interception	Direct Volume Access	OS Credential Dumping	11 Security Software Discovery	Remote Services	Data from Local System	1 Encrypted Channel	Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium	Abuse Accessibility Features
Credentials	Domains	Default Accounts	Scheduled Task/Job	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Rootkit	LSASS Memory	Application Window Discovery	Remote Desktop Protocol	Data from Removable Media	1 Application Layer Protocol	Exfiltration Over Bluetooth	Network Denial of Service

Malware Configuration

⊘No configs have been found

Behavior Graph

Hide Legend

Legend:

Process
Signature
Created File
DNS/IP Info
Is Dropped
Number of created Files
Is malicious
Internet

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Source	Detection	Scanner	Label	Link
mpsl.elf	16%	ReversingLabs	Linux.Trojan.Mirai

Dropped Files

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains

⊘No Antivirus matches

URLs

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

⊘No contacted domains info

World Map of Contacted IPs

No. of IPs < 25%
25% < No. of IPs < 50%
50% < No. of IPs < 75%
75% < No. of IPs

Public IPs

IP	Domain	Country	ASN	ASN Name	Malicious
109.202.202.202	unknown	Switzerland	13030	INIT7CH	false
91.189.91.43	unknown	United Kingdom	41231	CANONICAL-ASGB	false
91.189.91.42	unknown	United Kingdom	41231	CANONICAL-ASGB	false

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
109.202.202.202	kpLwzBouH4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	ch.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/f/firefox/firefox_92.0%2bbuild3-0ubuntu0.20.04.1_amd64.deb
91.189.91.43	arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse
	arm7.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	yakuza.mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	yakuza.arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	x86_64.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse
	arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse
	arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse
	arm4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse
	yakuza.sh.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	yakuza.sparc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
91.189.91.42	arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse
	arm7.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	yakuza.mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	yakuza.arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	x86_64.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse
	arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse
	arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse
	arm4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse
	yakuza.sh.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	yakuza.sparc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse

Domains

⊘No context

ASNs

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
CANONICAL-ASGB	arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse	91.189.91.42
	arm7.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	yakuza.mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse	185.125.190.26
	yakuza.arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	x86_64.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse	91.189.91.42
	arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse	91.189.91.42
	yakuza.m68k.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	185.125.190.26
	mpsl.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse	185.125.190.26
	yakuza.i586.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	185.125.190.26
CANONICAL-ASGB	arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse	91.189.91.42
	arm7.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	yakuza.mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse	185.125.190.26
	yakuza.arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	x86_64.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse	91.189.91.42
	arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse	91.189.91.42
	yakuza.m68k.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	185.125.190.26
	mpsl.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse	185.125.190.26
	yakuza.i586.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	185.125.190.26
INIT7CH	arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse	109.202.202.202
	arm7.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202
	yakuza.mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202
	yakuza.arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202
	x86_64.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse	109.202.202.202
	arm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse	109.202.202.202
	arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse	109.202.202.202
	arm4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt	Browse	109.202.202.202
	yakuza.sh.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202
	yakuza.sparc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202

JA3 Fingerprints

⊘No context

Dropped Files

⊘No context

Created / dropped Files

⊘No created / dropped files found

Static File Info

General

File type:	ELF 32-bit LSB executable, MIPS, MIPS-I version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, stripped
Entropy (8bit):	5.117056900662818
TrID:	ELF Executable and Linkable format (generic) (4004/1) 100.00%
File name:	mpsl.elf
File size:	210'676 bytes
MD5:	0101c12911499bdae03eeb5bcdd78174
SHA1:	40187f2b281c983c7cad9bb87bd1661d6a03f468
SHA256:	5a330fbbfe279226a5e39748363441fcb001fbd4ddcaeed8cc41e65ca2b6a64e
SHA512:	969e82ca502fd4782215f80cd9242a93961aba02ad3642782ab530a3d3efce2b2d86ef996776a3b7e617f25eef009d7f14c29c4fd7a5022f1e8471a0ff63e021
SSDEEP:	1536:q5ik/9k5YaihEuEw+6JyzRqQO7F670fjU91GBL5ciivcYSWZD7IqTh1V+F70vk3w:wpalbw+hqz3RiwW6+1Mj3sQgQ7tr1WA
TLSH:	9924C70AAB510FFBD86FDE3702E90B4529CC651722A43B7A3674D528F54A90F49E3C78
File Content Preview:	.ELF....................`.@.4....4......4. ...(...............@...@.@...@...............D...D.F.D.F..X..,...........Q.td...............................<...'!......'.......................<h..'!... .........9'.. ........................<8..'!.............9

Static ELF Info

ELF header
Class:	ELF32
Data:	2's complement, little endian
Version:	1 (current)
Machine:	MIPS R3000
Version Number:	0x1
Type:	EXEC (Executable file)
OS/ABI:	UNIX - System V
ABI Version:	0
Entry Point Address:	0x400260
Flags:	0x1007
ELF Header Size:	52
Program Header Offset:	52
Program Header Size:	32
Number of Program Headers:	3
Section Header Offset:	210116
Section Header Size:	40
Number of Section Headers:	14
Header String Table Index:	13

Sections

Name	Type	Address	Offset	Size	EntSize	Flags	Flags Description	Align
	NULL	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0		0
.init	PROGBITS	0x400094	0x94	0x8c	0x0	0x6	AX	4
.text	PROGBITS	0x400120	0x120	0x2b410	0x0	0x6	AX	16
.fini	PROGBITS	0x42b530	0x2b530	0x5c	0x0	0x6	AX	4
.rodata	PROGBITS	0x42b590	0x2b590	0x26b0	0x0	0x2	A	16
.ctors	PROGBITS	0x46dc44	0x2dc44	0xc	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.dtors	PROGBITS	0x46dc50	0x2dc50	0x8	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.data.rel.ro	PROGBITS	0x46dc5c	0x2dc5c	0x490	0x0	0x3	WA	4
.data	PROGBITS	0x46e100	0x2e100	0x4930	0x0	0x3	WA	32
.got	PROGBITS	0x472a30	0x32a30	0xa30	0x4	0x10000003	WAp	16
.sbss	NOBITS	0x473460	0x33460	0x3c	0x0	0x10000003	WAp	4
.bss	NOBITS	0x4734a0	0x33460	0x48d0	0x0	0x3	WA	16
.mdebug.abi32	PROGBITS	0x14e2	0x33460	0x0	0x0	0x0		1
.shstrtab	STRTAB	0x0	0x33460	0x64	0x0	0x0		1

Program Segments

Type	Offset	Virtual Address	Physical Address	File Size	Memory Size	Entropy	Flags	Flags Description	Align	Section Mappings
LOAD	0x0	0x400000	0x400000	0x2dc40	0x2dc40	5.4240	0x5	R E	0x10000	.init .text .fini .rodata
LOAD	0x2dc44	0x46dc44	0x46dc44	0x581c	0xa12c	1.4109	0x6	RW	0x10000	.ctors .dtors .data.rel.ro .data .got .sbss .bss
GNU_STACK	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0.0000	0x7	RWE	0x4

Network Behavior

Network Port Distribution

TCP Packets

Timestamp	Source Port	Dest Port	Source IP	Dest IP
Dec 28, 2024 17:31:56.219609976 CET	43928	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.42
Dec 28, 2024 17:32:01.851027012 CET	42836	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.43
Dec 28, 2024 17:32:02.618829012 CET	42516	80	192.168.2.23	109.202.202.202
Dec 28, 2024 17:32:17.464706898 CET	43928	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.42
Dec 28, 2024 17:32:27.703218937 CET	42836	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.43
Dec 28, 2024 17:32:33.846416950 CET	42516	80	192.168.2.23	109.202.202.202
Dec 28, 2024 17:32:58.419009924 CET	43928	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.42
Dec 28, 2024 17:33:18.896147013 CET	42836	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.43

System Behavior

Analysis Process: mpsl.elf PID: 6264, Parent PID: 6191

General

Start time (UTC):	16:31:54
Start date (UTC):	28/12/2024
Path:	/tmp/mpsl.elf
Arguments:	/tmp/mpsl.elf
File size:	5773336 bytes
MD5 hash:	0d6f61f82cf2f781c6eb0661071d42d9

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: mpsl.elf PID: 6266, Parent PID: 6264

General

Start time (UTC):	16:31:54
Start date (UTC):	28/12/2024
Path:	/tmp/mpsl.elf
Arguments:	-
File size:	5773336 bytes
MD5 hash:	0d6f61f82cf2f781c6eb0661071d42d9

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. This may include things such as firewall rules and anti-virus. Adversaries may use the information from Security Software Discovery during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.
Tactics:	Discovery
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, Firewall: Firewall Enumeration, Firewall: Firewall Metadata, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation
Platforms:	Azure AD, Google Workspace, IaaS, Linux, macOS, Office 365, SaaS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may employ a known encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Despite the use of a secure algorithm, these implementations may be vulnerable to reverse engineering if secret keys are encoded and/or generated within malware samples/configuration files.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may communicate using OSI application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Behavior Section

Behavior Chronological

Disassembly

Uncategorized

Graph

Loading Joe Sandbox Report ...

Warning!

Linux Analysis Report mpsl.elf

Overview

General Information

Detection

Signatures

Classification

General Information

Runtime Messages

Process Tree

Malware Threat Intel

Yara Signatures

Initial Sample

Memory Dumps

Suricata Signatures

Joe Sandbox Signatures

AV Detection

Networking

System Summary

Malware Analysis System Evasion

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Remote Access Functionality

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Malware Configuration

Behavior Graph

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Dropped Files

Domains

URLs

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

World Map of Contacted IPs

Public IPs

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Domains

ASNs

JA3 Fingerprints

Dropped Files

Created / dropped Files

Static File Info

General

Static ELF Info

ELF header

Sections

Program Segments

Network Behavior

Network Port Distribution

TCP Packets

System Behavior

Analysis Process: mpsl.elf PID: 6264, Parent PID: 6191

General

Chronological Activities

Analysis Process: mpsl.elf PID: 6266, Parent PID: 6264

General

Chronological Activities

Linux Analysis Report
mpsl.elf