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Linux Analysis Report
boatnet.arm6.elf

Overview

General Information

Sample name:	boatnet.arm6.elf
Analysis ID:	1580683
MD5:	6aa8fc4d4d5dfe5f80f2bf3fe0cf73bc
SHA1:	6c6d085920f3588796e790f9ea4972227ba04683
SHA256:	88958aff651dd7f0979c4bd78e7f7673a0c65241aae878af7cedbad40712dd0b
Tags:	elfuser-abuse_ch
Infos:

Detection

Mirai

Score:	68
Range:	0 - 100
Whitelisted:	false

Signatures

Malicious sample detected (through community Yara rule)

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Yara detected Mirai

Sample is packed with UPX

ELF contains segments with high entropy indicating compressed/encrypted content

Sample contains only a LOAD segment without any section mappings

Uses the "uname" system call to query kernel version information (possible evasion)

Yara signature match

Classification

General Information

Joe Sandbox version:	41.0.0 Charoite
Analysis ID:	1580683
Start date and time:	2024-12-25 16:55:48 +01:00
Joe Sandbox product:	CloudBasic
Overall analysis duration:	0h 4m 49s
Hypervisor based Inspection enabled:	false
Report type:	full
Cookbook file name:	defaultlinuxfilecookbook.jbs
Analysis system description:	Ubuntu Linux 20.04 x64 (Kernel 5.4.0-72, Firefox 91.0, Evince Document Viewer 3.36.10, LibreOffice 6.4.7.2, OpenJDK 11.0.11)
Analysis Mode:	default
Sample name:	boatnet.arm6.elf
Detection:	MAL
Classification:	mal68.troj.evad.linELF@0/0@2/0

Runtime Messages

Command:	/tmp/boatnet.arm6.elf
PID:	5825
Exit Code:	139
Exit Code Info:	SIGSEGV (11) Segmentation fault invalid memory reference
Killed:	False
Standard Output:
Standard Error:	qemu: uncaught target signal 11 (Segmentation fault) - core dumped

Process Tree

system is lnxubuntu20

boatnet.arm6.elf (PID: 5825, Parent: 5747, MD5: 5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1) Arguments: /tmp/boatnet.arm6.elf

cleanup

Malware Threat Intel

Provided by

Name	Description	Attribution	Blogpost URLs	Link
Mirai	Mirai is one of the first significant botnets targeting exposed networking devices running Linux. Found in August 2016 by MalwareMustDie, its name means "future" in Japanese. Nowadays it targets a wide range of networked embedded devices such as IP cameras, home routers (many vendors involved), and other IoT devices. Since the source code was published on "Hack Forums" many variants of the Mirai family appeared, infecting mostly home networks all around the world.	No Attribution	http://osint.bambenekconsulting.com/feeds/ http://www.simonroses.com/2016/10/mirai-ddos-botnet-source-code-binary-analysis/ https://blog.malwaremustdie.org/2020/02/mmd-0065-2021-linuxmirai-fbot-re.html https://blog.netlab.360.com/another-lilin-dvr-0-day-being-used-to-spread-mirai-en/ https://blog.netlab.360.com/mirai_ptea-botnet-is-exploiting-undisclosed-kguard-dvr-vulnerability-en/	https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/elf.mirai

Yara Signatures

Memory Dumps

Source	Rule	Description	Author	Strings
5825.1.00007fa0a8017000.00007fa0a8027000.r-x.sdmp	JoeSecurity_Mirai_8	Yara detected Mirai	Joe Security
5825.1.00007fa0a8017000.00007fa0a8027000.r-x.sdmp	Linux_Trojan_Gafgyt_28a2fe0c	unknown	unknown	0xed00:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xed14:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xed28:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xed3c:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xed50:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xed64:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xed78:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xed8c:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xeda0:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xedb4:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xedc8:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xeddc:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xedf0:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xee04:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xee18:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xee2c:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xee40:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xee54:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xee68:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xee7c:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xee90:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F
5825.1.00007fa0a8017000.00007fa0a8027000.r-x.sdmp	Linux_Trojan_Gafgyt_ea92cca8	unknown	unknown	0xf258:$a: 53 65 6C 66 20 52 65 70 20 46 75 63 6B 69 6E 67 20 4E 65 54 69 53 20 61 6E 64

Suricata Signatures

⊘No Suricata rule has matched

Joe Sandbox Signatures

Click to jump to signature section

Show All Signature Results

AV Detection

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Source: boatnet.arm6.elf	ReversingLabs: Detection: 52%
Source: boatnet.arm6.elf	Virustotal: Detection: 44%			Perma Link

Source: global traffic

DNS traffic detected: DNS query: daisy.ubuntu.com

Source: boatnet.arm6.elf

String found in binary or memory: http://upx.sf.net

System Summary

Malicious sample detected (through community Yara rule)

Source: 5825.1.00007fa0a8017000.00007fa0a8027000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY	Matched rule: Linux_Trojan_Gafgyt_28a2fe0c Author: unknown
Source: 5825.1.00007fa0a8017000.00007fa0a8027000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY	Matched rule: Linux_Trojan_Gafgyt_ea92cca8 Author: unknown

Source: LOAD without section mappings

Program segment: 0x8000

Source: 5825.1.00007fa0a8017000.00007fa0a8027000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY	Matched rule: Linux_Trojan_Gafgyt_28a2fe0c os = linux, severity = x86, creation_date = 2021-01-12, scan_context = file, memory, license = Elastic License v2, threat_name = Linux.Trojan.Gafgyt, fingerprint = a2c6beaec18ca876e8487c11bcc7a29279669588aacb7d3027d8d8df8f5bcead, id = 28a2fe0c-eed5-4c79-81e6-3b11b73a4ebd, last_modified = 2021-09-16
Source: 5825.1.00007fa0a8017000.00007fa0a8027000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY	Matched rule: Linux_Trojan_Gafgyt_ea92cca8 os = linux, severity = x86, creation_date = 2021-01-12, scan_context = file, memory, license = Elastic License v2, threat_name = Linux.Trojan.Gafgyt, fingerprint = aa4aee9f3d6bedd8234eaf8778895a0f5d71c42b21f2a428f01f121e85704e8e, id = ea92cca8-bba7-4a1c-9b88-a2d051ad0021, last_modified = 2021-09-16

Source: classification engine

Classification label: mal68.troj.evad.linELF@0/0@2/0

Data Obfuscation

Sample is packed with UPX

Source: initial sample	String containing UPX found: $Info: This file is packed with the UPX executable packer http://upx.sf.net $
Source: initial sample	String containing UPX found: $Info: This file is packed with the UPX executable packer http://upx.sf.net $
Source: initial sample	String containing UPX found: $Id: UPX 3.94 Copyright (C) 1996-2017 the UPX Team. All Rights Reserved. $

Source: boatnet.arm6.elf

Submission file: segment LOAD with 7.9427 entropy (max. 8.0)

Source: /tmp/boatnet.arm6.elf (PID: 5825)

Queries kernel information via 'uname':

Jump to behavior

Source: boatnet.arm6.elf, 5825.1.0000563583a44000.0000563583bf2000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: 5V!/etc/qemu-binfmt/arm
Source: boatnet.arm6.elf, 5825.1.00007ffc195e5000.00007ffc19606000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: Ox86_64/usr/bin/qemu-arm/tmp/boatnet.arm6.elfSUDO_USER=saturninoPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/binDISPLAY=:1.0XAUTHORITY=/run/user/1000/gdm/XauthoritySUDO_UID=1000TERM=xterm-256colorCOLORTERM=truecolorLOGNAME=rootUSER=rootLANG=en_US.UTF-8SUDO_COMMAND=/bin/bashHOME=/rootMAIL=/var/mail/rootSUDO_GID=1000SHELL=/bin/bash/tmp/boatnet.arm6.elf
Source: boatnet.arm6.elf, 5825.1.0000563583a44000.0000563583bf2000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /etc/qemu-binfmt/arm
Source: boatnet.arm6.elf, 5825.1.00007ffc195e5000.00007ffc19606000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /usr/bin/qemu-arm
Source: boatnet.arm6.elf, 5825.1.00007ffc195e5000.00007ffc19606000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: qemu: uncaught target signal 11 (Segmentation fault) - core dumped

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Yara detected Mirai

Source: Yara match

File source: 5825.1.00007fa0a8017000.00007fa0a8027000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY

Remote Access Functionality

Yara detected Mirai

Source: Yara match

File source: 5825.1.00007fa0a8017000.00007fa0a8027000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Reconnaissance	Resource Development	Initial Access	Execution	Persistence	Privilege Escalation	Defense Evasion	Credential Access	Discovery	Lateral Movement	Collection	Command and Control	Exfiltration	Impact
Gather Victim Identity Information	Acquire Infrastructure	Valid Accounts	Windows Management Instrumentation	Path Interception	Path Interception	11 Obfuscated Files or Information	OS Credential Dumping	11 Security Software Discovery	Remote Services	Data from Local System	1 Non-Application Layer Protocol	Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium	Abuse Accessibility Features
Credentials	Domains	Default Accounts	Scheduled Task/Job	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Rootkit	LSASS Memory	Application Window Discovery	Remote Desktop Protocol	Data from Removable Media	1 Application Layer Protocol	Exfiltration Over Bluetooth	Network Denial of Service

Malware Configuration

⊘No configs have been found

Behavior Graph

Hide Legend

Legend:

Process
Signature
Created File
DNS/IP Info
Is Dropped
Number of created Files
Is malicious
Internet

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Source	Detection	Scanner	Label	Link
boatnet.arm6.elf	53%	ReversingLabs	Linux.Trojan.Mirai
boatnet.arm6.elf	44%	Virustotal		Browse

Dropped Files

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains

⊘No Antivirus matches

URLs

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

Name	IP	Active	Malicious	Antivirus Detection	Reputation
daisy.ubuntu.com	162.213.35.25	true	false		high

URLs from Memory and Binaries

Name	Source	Malicious	Antivirus Detection	Reputation
http://upx.sf.net	boatnet.arm6.elf	false		high

World Map of Contacted IPs

⊘No contacted IP infos

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

⊘No context

Domains

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
daisy.ubuntu.com	boatnet.arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25
	boatnet.ppc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.24
	boatnet.arm7.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.24
	boatnet.mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.24
	boatnet.x86.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.24
	boatnet.sh4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25
	boatnet.mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.25
	boatnet.x86.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.24
	195.114.193.250-boatnet.mpsl-2024-12-25T14_29_30.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	162.213.35.24
	Mozi.m.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	162.213.35.25

ASNs

⊘No context

JA3 Fingerprints

⊘No context

Dropped Files

⊘No context

Created / dropped Files

⊘No created / dropped files found

Static File Info

General

File type:	ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, EABI4 version 1 (GNU/Linux), statically linked, no section header
Entropy (8bit):	7.93926692363279
TrID:	ELF Executable and Linkable format (generic) (4004/1) 100.00%
File name:	boatnet.arm6.elf
File size:	27'300 bytes
MD5:	6aa8fc4d4d5dfe5f80f2bf3fe0cf73bc
SHA1:	6c6d085920f3588796e790f9ea4972227ba04683
SHA256:	88958aff651dd7f0979c4bd78e7f7673a0c65241aae878af7cedbad40712dd0b
SHA512:	274731481b7ae6aa5cf00c11f7c5d942257450c6b001f4acc753fe0a4054dfa9f498d9d4aec9623aea751d28dda30e030732461f629a40dcd7adbb95fc0292e9
SSDEEP:	768:4MKyhegCCMqfizjoNpd2vJdX6vwrg9q3UELuc:PKy4qfqoeJdXWgpL5
TLSH:	AAC2D0E0B726FA31C4206C7DE53B4D8A3A51067C91FF393664258D398FC165B63A48E9
File Content Preview:	.ELF..............(.........4...........4. ...(.....................ui..ui...............(...(...(..................Q.td...............................OUPX!........0...0.......S..........?.E.h;....#..$..1)...o....+d....8~Vg.[...{...@..(....PPG.....es^.X..

Static ELF Info

ELF header
Class:	ELF32
Data:	2's complement, little endian
Version:	1 (current)
Machine:	ARM
Version Number:	0x1
Type:	EXEC (Executable file)
OS/ABI:	UNIX - Linux
ABI Version:	0
Entry Point Address:	0xd788
Flags:	0x4000002
ELF Header Size:	52
Program Header Offset:	52
Program Header Size:	32
Number of Program Headers:	3
Section Header Offset:	0
Section Header Size:	40
Number of Section Headers:	0
Header String Table Index:	0

Program Segments

Type	Offset	Virtual Address	Physical Address	File Size	Memory Size	Entropy	Flags	Flags Description	Align
LOAD	0x0	0x8000	0x8000	0x6975	0x6975	7.9427	0x5	R E	0x8000
LOAD	0x28c4	0x228c4	0x228c4	0x0	0x0	0.0000	0x6	RW	0x8000
GNU_STACK	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0.0000	0x7	RWE	0x4

Network Behavior

Network Port Distribution

TCP Packets

Timestamp	Source Port	Dest Port	Source IP	Dest IP
Dec 25, 2024 16:57:02.026736975 CET	55764	53	192.168.2.15	8.8.8.8
Dec 25, 2024 16:57:02.146517038 CET	53	55764	8.8.8.8	192.168.2.15
Dec 25, 2024 16:57:02.146615028 CET	55764	53	192.168.2.15	8.8.8.8
Dec 25, 2024 16:57:02.146615028 CET	55764	53	192.168.2.15	8.8.8.8
Dec 25, 2024 16:57:02.146615028 CET	55764	53	192.168.2.15	8.8.8.8
Dec 25, 2024 16:57:02.266530991 CET	53	55764	8.8.8.8	192.168.2.15
Dec 25, 2024 16:57:02.266542912 CET	53	55764	8.8.8.8	192.168.2.15
Dec 25, 2024 16:57:03.232027054 CET	53	55764	8.8.8.8	192.168.2.15
Dec 25, 2024 16:57:03.232161999 CET	55764	53	192.168.2.15	8.8.8.8
Dec 25, 2024 16:57:05.232100010 CET	53	55764	8.8.8.8	192.168.2.15
Dec 25, 2024 16:57:05.232400894 CET	55764	53	192.168.2.15	8.8.8.8
Dec 25, 2024 16:57:05.352019072 CET	53	55764	8.8.8.8	192.168.2.15

DNS Queries

Timestamp	Source IP	Dest IP	Trans ID	OP Code	Name	Type	Class	DNS over HTTPS
Dec 25, 2024 16:57:02.146615028 CET	192.168.2.15	8.8.8.8	0x610	Standard query (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false
Dec 25, 2024 16:57:02.146615028 CET	192.168.2.15	8.8.8.8	0x657a	Standard query (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com	28	IN (0x0001)	false

DNS Answers

Timestamp	Source IP	Dest IP	Trans ID	Reply Code	Name	CName	Address	Type	Class	DNS over HTTPS
Dec 25, 2024 16:57:03.232027054 CET	8.8.8.8	192.168.2.15	0x610	No error (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com		162.213.35.25	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false
Dec 25, 2024 16:57:03.232027054 CET	8.8.8.8	192.168.2.15	0x610	No error (0)	daisy.ubuntu.com		162.213.35.24	A (IP address)	IN (0x0001)	false

System Behavior

Analysis Process: boatnet.arm6.elf PID: 5825, Parent PID: 5747

General

Start time (UTC):	15:57:00
Start date (UTC):	25/12/2024
Path:	/tmp/boatnet.arm6.elf
Arguments:	/tmp/boatnet.arm6.elf
File size:	4956856 bytes
MD5 hash:	5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to make an executable or file difficult to discover or analyze by encrypting, encoding, or otherwise obfuscating its contents on the system or in transit. This is common behavior that can be used across different platforms and the network to evade defenses.
Tactics:	Defense Evasion
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, File: File Creation, File: File Metadata, Module: Module Load, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation, Script: Script Execution, WMI: WMI Creation, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. This may include things such as firewall rules and anti-virus. Adversaries may use the information from Security Software Discovery during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.
Tactics:	Discovery
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, Firewall: Firewall Enumeration, Firewall: Firewall Metadata, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation
Platforms:	Azure AD, Google Workspace, IaaS, Linux, macOS, Office 365, SaaS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may use an OSI non-application layer protocol for communication between host and C2 server or among infected hosts within a network. The list of possible protocols is extensive.Specific examples include use of network layer protocols, such as the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), transport layer protocols, such as the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), session layer protocols, such as Socket Secure (SOCKS), as well as redirected/tunneled protocols, such as Serial over LAN (SOL).
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Network, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may communicate using OSI application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Behavior Section

Behavior Chronological

Disassembly

Uncategorized

Graph

Loading Joe Sandbox Report ...

Warning!

Linux Analysis Report boatnet.arm6.elf

Overview

General Information

Detection

Signatures

Classification

General Information

Runtime Messages

Process Tree

Malware Threat Intel

Yara Signatures

Memory Dumps

Suricata Signatures

Joe Sandbox Signatures

AV Detection

Networking

System Summary

Data Obfuscation

Hooking and other Techniques for Hiding and Protection

Malware Analysis System Evasion

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Remote Access Functionality

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Malware Configuration

Behavior Graph

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Dropped Files

Domains

URLs

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

URLs from Memory and Binaries

World Map of Contacted IPs

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Domains

ASNs

JA3 Fingerprints

Dropped Files

Created / dropped Files

Static File Info

General

Static ELF Info

ELF header

Program Segments

Network Behavior

Network Port Distribution

TCP Packets

DNS Queries

DNS Answers

System Behavior

Analysis Process: boatnet.arm6.elf PID: 5825, Parent PID: 5747

General

Chronological Activities

Linux Analysis Report
boatnet.arm6.elf