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Linux Analysis Report
na.elf

Overview

General Information

Sample name:	na.elf
Analysis ID:	1543739
MD5:	d602f28a0d75cb0387e965594c4b51c4
SHA1:	bf5e65f798e63d9ef6c35202412dfaa8b03bc6a6
SHA256:	d2bcf89297b6e4b93ab6200647a71ffcb325a6beba972983cdf5a6d32e1e79b8
Tags:	elfuser-abuse_ch
Infos:

Detection

Score:	64
Range:	0 - 100
Whitelisted:	false

Signatures

Antivirus / Scanner detection for submitted sample

Malicious sample detected (through community Yara rule)

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

ELF contains segments with high entropy indicating compressed/encrypted content

Sample contains only a LOAD segment without any section mappings

Tries to connect to HTTP servers, but all servers are down (expired dropper behavior)

Uses the "uname" system call to query kernel version information (possible evasion)

Yara signature match

Classification

General Information

Joe Sandbox version:	41.0.0 Charoite
Analysis ID:	1543739
Start date and time:	2024-10-28 11:03:04 +01:00
Joe Sandbox product:	CloudBasic
Overall analysis duration:	0h 4m 33s
Hypervisor based Inspection enabled:	false
Report type:	full
Cookbook file name:	defaultlinuxfilecookbook.jbs
Analysis system description:	Ubuntu Linux 20.04 x64 (Kernel 5.4.0-72, Firefox 91.0, Evince Document Viewer 3.36.10, LibreOffice 6.4.7.2, OpenJDK 11.0.11)
Analysis Mode:	default
Sample name:	na.elf
Detection:	MAL
Classification:	mal64.linELF@0/0@0/0

Warnings

VT rate limit hit for: na.elf

Runtime Messages

Command:	/tmp/na.elf
PID:	6240
Exit Code:	139
Exit Code Info:	SIGSEGV (11) Segmentation fault invalid memory reference
Killed:	False
Standard Output:
Standard Error:	qemu: uncaught target signal 11 (Segmentation fault) - core dumped

Process Tree

system is lnxubuntu20

na.elf (PID: 6240, Parent: 6164, MD5: 0083f1f0e77be34ad27f849842bbb00c) Arguments: /tmp/na.elf

cleanup

Yara Signatures

Initial Sample

Source	Rule	Description	Author	Strings
na.elf	Linux_Packer_Patched_UPX_62e11c64	unknown	unknown	0x78:$a: 55 50 58 21 0A 58 0D 89 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

Memory Dumps

Source	Rule	Description	Author	Strings
6240.1.00007fdd34400000.00007fdd34422000.r-x.sdmp	Linux_Packer_Patched_UPX_62e11c64	unknown	unknown	0x78:$a: 55 50 58 21 0A 58 0D 89 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

Suricata Signatures

⊘No Suricata rule has matched

Joe Sandbox Signatures

Click to jump to signature section

Show All Signature Results

AV Detection

Antivirus / Scanner detection for submitted sample

Source: na.elf

Avira: detected

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Source: na.elf

ReversingLabs: Detection: 52%

Source: global traffic	TCP traffic: 192.168.2.23:43928 -> 91.189.91.42:443
Source: global traffic	TCP traffic: 192.168.2.23:42836 -> 91.189.91.43:443
Source: global traffic	TCP traffic: 192.168.2.23:42516 -> 109.202.202.202:80

Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.43
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 109.202.202.202
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.43
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 109.202.202.202
Source: unknown	TCP traffic detected without corresponding DNS query: 91.189.91.42

Source: unknown	Network traffic detected: HTTP traffic on port 43928 -> 443
Source: unknown	Network traffic detected: HTTP traffic on port 42836 -> 443

System Summary

Malicious sample detected (through community Yara rule)

Source: na.elf, type: SAMPLE	Matched rule: Linux_Packer_Patched_UPX_62e11c64 Author: unknown
Source: 6240.1.00007fdd34400000.00007fdd34422000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY	Matched rule: Linux_Packer_Patched_UPX_62e11c64 Author: unknown

Source: LOAD without section mappings

Program segment: 0x400000

Source: na.elf, type: SAMPLE	Matched rule: Linux_Packer_Patched_UPX_62e11c64 reference_sample = 02f81a1e1edcb9032a1d7256a002b11e1e864b2e9989f5d24ea1c9b507895669, os = linux, severity = x86, creation_date = 2021-06-08, scan_context = file, reference = https://cujo.com/upx-anti-unpacking-techniques-in-iot-malware/, license = Elastic License v2, threat_name = Linux.Packer.Patched_UPX, fingerprint = 3297b5c63e70c557e71b739428b453039b142e1e04c2ab15eea4627d023b686d, id = 62e11c64-fc7d-4a0a-9d72-ad53ec3987ff, last_modified = 2021-07-28
Source: 6240.1.00007fdd34400000.00007fdd34422000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY	Matched rule: Linux_Packer_Patched_UPX_62e11c64 reference_sample = 02f81a1e1edcb9032a1d7256a002b11e1e864b2e9989f5d24ea1c9b507895669, os = linux, severity = x86, creation_date = 2021-06-08, scan_context = file, reference = https://cujo.com/upx-anti-unpacking-techniques-in-iot-malware/, license = Elastic License v2, threat_name = Linux.Packer.Patched_UPX, fingerprint = 3297b5c63e70c557e71b739428b453039b142e1e04c2ab15eea4627d023b686d, id = 62e11c64-fc7d-4a0a-9d72-ad53ec3987ff, last_modified = 2021-07-28

Source: classification engine

Classification label: mal64.linELF@0/0@0/0

Source: na.elf

Submission file: segment LOAD with 7.7958 entropy (max. 8.0)

Source: /tmp/na.elf (PID: 6240)

Queries kernel information via 'uname':

Jump to behavior

Source: na.elf, 6240.1.00007ffe0f697000.00007ffe0f6b8000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: x86_64/usr/bin/qemu-mips/tmp/na.elfSUDO_USER=saturninoPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/binDISPLAY=:1.0XAUTHORITY=/run/user/1000/gdm/XauthoritySUDO_UID=1000TERM=xterm-256colorCOLORTERM=truecolorLOGNAME=rootUSER=rootLANG=en_US.UTF-8SUDO_COMMAND=/bin/bashHOME=/rootMAIL=/var/mail/rootSUDO_GID=1000SHELL=/bin/bash/tmp/na.elf
Source: na.elf, 6240.1.000055c00dec3000.000055c00df4a000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: U!/etc/qemu-binfmt/mips
Source: na.elf, 6240.1.000055c00dec3000.000055c00df4a000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /etc/qemu-binfmt/mips
Source: na.elf, 6240.1.00007ffe0f697000.00007ffe0f6b8000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /usr/bin/qemu-mips
Source: na.elf, 6240.1.00007ffe0f697000.00007ffe0f6b8000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: qemu: uncaught target signal 11 (Segmentation fault) - core dumped

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Reconnaissance	Resource Development	Initial Access	Execution	Persistence	Privilege Escalation	Defense Evasion	Credential Access	Discovery	Lateral Movement	Collection	Command and Control	Exfiltration	Impact
Gather Victim Identity Information	Acquire Infrastructure	Valid Accounts	Windows Management Instrumentation	Path Interception	Path Interception	1 Obfuscated Files or Information	OS Credential Dumping	11 Security Software Discovery	Remote Services	Data from Local System	1 Encrypted Channel	Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium	Abuse Accessibility Features
Credentials	Domains	Default Accounts	Scheduled Task/Job	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts	Rootkit	LSASS Memory	Application Window Discovery	Remote Desktop Protocol	Data from Removable Media	1 Application Layer Protocol	Exfiltration Over Bluetooth	Network Denial of Service

Malware Configuration

⊘No configs have been found

Behavior Graph

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Legend:

Process
Signature
Created File
DNS/IP Info
Is Dropped
Number of created Files
Is malicious
Internet

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Source	Detection	Scanner	Label	Link
na.elf	53%	ReversingLabs	Linux.Trojan.Dakkatoni
na.elf	100%	Avira	LINUX/Siggen.tkpnw

Dropped Files

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains

⊘No Antivirus matches

URLs

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

⊘No contacted domains info

World Map of Contacted IPs

No. of IPs < 25%
25% < No. of IPs < 50%
50% < No. of IPs < 75%
75% < No. of IPs

Public IPs

IP	Domain	Country	ASN	ASN Name	Malicious
109.202.202.202	unknown	Switzerland	13030	INIT7CH	false
91.189.91.43	unknown	United Kingdom	41231	CANONICAL-ASGB	false
91.189.91.42	unknown	United Kingdom	41231	CANONICAL-ASGB	false

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
109.202.202.202	kpLwzBouH4.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	ch.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/f/firefox/firefox_92.0%2bbuild3-0ubuntu0.20.04.1_amd64.deb
91.189.91.43	la.bot.arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse
	arm.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	zermips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	splarm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	la.bot.arc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
91.189.91.42	la.bot.arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse
	arm.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse
	zermips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	splarm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse
	la.bot.arc.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse

Domains

⊘No context

ASNs

Match	Associated Sample Name / URL	SHA 256	Detection	Threat Name	Link	Context
CANONICAL-ASGB	la.bot.arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse	185.125.190.26
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse	185.125.190.26
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	arm.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	la.bot.arm7.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	185.125.190.26
	zermips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
CANONICAL-ASGB	la.bot.arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse	185.125.190.26
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse	185.125.190.26
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	arm.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	91.189.91.42
	la.bot.arm7.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	185.125.190.26
	zermips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	91.189.91.42
INIT7CH	la.bot.arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202
	na.elf	Get hash	malicious	Gafgyt, Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202
	arm.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202
	mips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Mirai	Browse	109.202.202.202
	zerarm5.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202
	zermips.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202
	splarm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202
	arm6.elf	Get hash	malicious	Unknown	Browse	109.202.202.202

JA3 Fingerprints

⊘No context

Dropped Files

⊘No context

Created / dropped Files

⊘No created / dropped files found

Static File Info

General

File type:	ELF 32-bit MSB executable, MIPS, MIPS-I version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, no section header
Entropy (8bit):	7.795783696807686
TrID:	ELF Executable and Linkable format (Linux) (4029/14) 50.16% ELF Executable and Linkable format (generic) (4004/1) 49.84%
File name:	na.elf
File size:	108'600 bytes
MD5:	d602f28a0d75cb0387e965594c4b51c4
SHA1:	bf5e65f798e63d9ef6c35202412dfaa8b03bc6a6
SHA256:	d2bcf89297b6e4b93ab6200647a71ffcb325a6beba972983cdf5a6d32e1e79b8
SHA512:	0e5c8778f11ab05ca00e8a472b019e68dc69c9b7a559060c07b9245ee77f197e3becbd818cbf40b3fc4411265b22ed56ca179a1f37cd73cfbff5d849ac569f5e
SSDEEP:	1536:pxpJNlEYvXndUt/afLuZmVelu9eoCtcCCzNbC4RWC0CQFW3RLlNCzgb0OmfPn+V3:phNlHuBafLeBtfCzpta8xlBIOdVoU
TLSH:	1DB3124AFF359D0B8F000DB21BDA9E9E9C697B6B02CBB8A469C2954F47D00CE7C52204
File Content Preview:	.ELF.....................B.....4.........4. ...(.............@...@...........................C...C......../...........UPX!.X.....................^....\|.$..ELF..........@.`....4...0... ...(......<...@......[v......H...`.t..;_...dt.Q.....].M..............

Static ELF Info

ELF header
Class:	ELF32
Data:	2's complement, big endian
Version:	1 (current)
Machine:	MIPS R3000
Version Number:	0x1
Type:	EXEC (Executable file)
OS/ABI:	UNIX - System V
ABI Version:	0
Entry Point Address:	0x4206a8
Flags:	0x1007
ELF Header Size:	52
Program Header Offset:	52
Program Header Size:	32
Number of Program Headers:	2
Section Header Offset:	0
Section Header Size:	40
Number of Section Headers:	0
Header String Table Index:	0

Program Segments

Type	Offset	Virtual Address	Physical Address	File Size	Memory Size	Entropy	Flags	Flags Description	Align	Prog Interpreter	Section Mappings
LOAD	0x0	0x400000	0x400000	0x210f2	0x210f2	7.7958	0x5	R E	0x10000
LOAD	0x0	0x430000	0x430000	0x0	0x92fd8	0.0000	0x6	RW	0x10000

Network Behavior

Network Port Distribution

TCP Packets

Timestamp	Source Port	Dest Port	Source IP	Dest IP
Oct 28, 2024 11:03:51.383151054 CET	43928	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.42
Oct 28, 2024 11:03:56.754559040 CET	42836	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.43
Oct 28, 2024 11:03:57.778393030 CET	42516	80	192.168.2.23	109.202.202.202
Oct 28, 2024 11:04:11.856574059 CET	43928	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.42
Oct 28, 2024 11:04:24.142652988 CET	42836	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.43
Oct 28, 2024 11:04:28.238219023 CET	42516	80	192.168.2.23	109.202.202.202
Oct 28, 2024 11:04:52.810794115 CET	43928	443	192.168.2.23	91.189.91.42

System Behavior

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 6240, Parent PID: 6164

General

Start time (UTC):	10:03:50
Start date (UTC):	28/10/2024
Path:	/tmp/na.elf
Arguments:	/tmp/na.elf
File size:	5777432 bytes
MD5 hash:	0083f1f0e77be34ad27f849842bbb00c

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to make an executable or file difficult to discover or analyze by encrypting, encoding, or otherwise obfuscating its contents on the system or in transit. This is common behavior that can be used across different platforms and the network to evade defenses.
Tactics:	Defense Evasion
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, File: File Creation, File: File Metadata, Module: Module Load, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation, Script: Script Execution, WMI: WMI Creation, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. This may include things such as firewall rules and anti-virus. Adversaries may use the information from Security Software Discovery during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.
Tactics:	Discovery
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, Firewall: Firewall Enumeration, Firewall: Firewall Metadata, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation
Platforms:	Azure AD, Google Workspace, IaaS, Linux, macOS, Office 365, SaaS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may employ a known encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Despite the use of a secure algorithm, these implementations may be vulnerable to reverse engineering if secret keys are encoded and/or generated within malware samples/configuration files.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may communicate using OSI application layer protocols to avoid detection/network filtering by blending in with existing traffic. Commands to the remote system, and often the results of those commands, will be embedded within the protocol traffic between the client and server.
Tactics:	Command and Control
Data Sources:	Network Traffic: Network Traffic Content, Network Traffic: Network Traffic Flow
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Behavior Section

Behavior Chronological

Disassembly

Uncategorized

Graph

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Warning!

Linux Analysis Report na.elf

Overview

General Information

Detection

Signatures

Classification

General Information

Warnings

Runtime Messages

Process Tree

Yara Signatures

Initial Sample

Memory Dumps

Suricata Signatures

Joe Sandbox Signatures

AV Detection

Networking

System Summary

Hooking and other Techniques for Hiding and Protection

Malware Analysis System Evasion

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Malware Configuration

Behavior Graph

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Dropped Files

Domains

URLs

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

World Map of Contacted IPs

Public IPs

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Domains

ASNs

JA3 Fingerprints

Dropped Files

Created / dropped Files

Static File Info

General

Static ELF Info

ELF header

Program Segments

Network Behavior

Network Port Distribution

TCP Packets

System Behavior

Analysis Process: na.elf PID: 6240, Parent PID: 6164

General

Chronological Activities

Linux Analysis Report
na.elf