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Linux Analysis Report
E9kF2YAyaP.elf

Overview

General Information

Sample name:	E9kF2YAyaP.elf renamed because original name is a hash value
Original sample name:	c4fd092dc63563ffa9bae557c4afad3b.elf
Analysis ID:	1447595
MD5:	c4fd092dc63563ffa9bae557c4afad3b
SHA1:	d5d20a18e4d1a53d6609e7a7f0d0dd1ee85e7a8f
SHA256:	223149eb7e5532edfdfc95d57ba8ea23b7923b1f550e9bd38ffc8b49555385fb
Tags:	32armelfmirai
Infos:

Detection

Mirai

Score:	68
Range:	0 - 100
Whitelisted:	false

Signatures

Malicious sample detected (through community Yara rule)

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Yara detected Mirai

Sample is packed with UPX

Detected non-DNS traffic on DNS port

ELF contains segments with high entropy indicating compressed/encrypted content

Sample contains only a LOAD segment without any section mappings

Uses the "uname" system call to query kernel version information (possible evasion)

Yara signature match

Classification

General Information

Joe Sandbox version:	40.0.0 Tourmaline
Analysis ID:	1447595
Start date and time:	2024-05-26 01:29:18 +02:00
Joe Sandbox product:	CloudBasic
Overall analysis duration:	0h 4m 47s
Hypervisor based Inspection enabled:	false
Report type:	full
Cookbook file name:	defaultlinuxfilecookbook.jbs
Analysis system description:	Ubuntu Linux 20.04 x64 (Kernel 5.4.0-72, Firefox 91.0, Evince Document Viewer 3.36.10, LibreOffice 6.4.7.2, OpenJDK 11.0.11)
Analysis Mode:	default
Sample name:	E9kF2YAyaP.elf renamed because original name is a hash value
Original Sample Name:	c4fd092dc63563ffa9bae557c4afad3b.elf
Detection:	MAL
Classification:	mal68.troj.evad.linELF@0/0@0/0

Runtime Messages

Command:	/tmp/E9kF2YAyaP.elf
PID:	5477
Exit Code:	127
Exit Code Info:
Killed:	False
Standard Output:
Standard Error:

Process Tree

system is lnxubuntu20

E9kF2YAyaP.elf (PID: 5477, Parent: 5394, MD5: 5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1) Arguments: /tmp/E9kF2YAyaP.elf

cleanup

Malware Threat Intel

Provided by

Name	Description	Attribution	Blogpost URLs	Link
Mirai	Mirai is one of the first significant botnets targeting exposed networking devices running Linux. Found in August 2016 by MalwareMustDie, its name means "future" in Japanese. Nowadays it targets a wide range of networked embedded devices such as IP cameras, home routers (many vendors involved), and other IoT devices. Since the source code was published on "Hack Forums" many variants of the Mirai family appeared, infecting mostly home networks all around the world.	No Attribution	http://osint.bambenekconsulting.com/feeds/ http://www.simonroses.com/2016/10/mirai-ddos-botnet-source-code-binary-analysis/ https://blog.malwaremustdie.org/2020/02/mmd-0065-2021-linuxmirai-fbot-re.html https://blog.netlab.360.com/another-lilin-dvr-0-day-being-used-to-spread-mirai-en/ https://blog.netlab.360.com/mirai_ptea-botnet-is-exploiting-undisclosed-kguard-dvr-vulnerability-en/	https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/elf.mirai

Yara Signatures

Memory Dumps

Source	Rule	Description	Author	Strings
5477.1.00007fdc48017000.00007fdc48025000.r-x.sdmp	JoeSecurity_Mirai_8	Yara detected Mirai	Joe Security
5477.1.00007fdc48017000.00007fdc48025000.r-x.sdmp	Linux_Trojan_Gafgyt_28a2fe0c	unknown	unknown	0xca88:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xca9c:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xcab0:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xcac4:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xcad8:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xcaec:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xcb00:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xcb14:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xcb28:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xcb3c:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xcb50:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xcb64:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xcb78:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xcb8c:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xcba0:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xcbb4:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xcbc8:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xcbdc:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xcbf0:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xcc04:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 0xcc18:$a: 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F 78 39 33 2F 78 49 44 2F 78 39 41 2F 78 33 38 2F 78 46 4A 2F
5477.1.00007fdc48017000.00007fdc48025000.r-x.sdmp	Linux_Trojan_Gafgyt_ea92cca8	unknown	unknown	0xcfe0:$a: 53 65 6C 66 20 52 65 70 20 46 75 63 6B 69 6E 67 20 4E 65 54 69 53 20 61 6E 64

Snort Signatures

⊘No Snort rule has matched

Joe Sandbox Signatures

Click to jump to signature section

Show All Signature Results

AV Detection

Multi AV Scanner detection for submitted file

Source: E9kF2YAyaP.elf	Virustotal: Detection: 34%			Perma Link
Source: E9kF2YAyaP.elf	ReversingLabs: Detection: 39%

Source: global traffic

TCP traffic: 192.168.2.13:34788 -> 8.8.8.8:53

Source: E9kF2YAyaP.elf

String found in binary or memory: http://upx.sf.net

System Summary

Malicious sample detected (through community Yara rule)

Source: 5477.1.00007fdc48017000.00007fdc48025000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY	Matched rule: Linux_Trojan_Gafgyt_28a2fe0c Author: unknown
Source: 5477.1.00007fdc48017000.00007fdc48025000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY	Matched rule: Linux_Trojan_Gafgyt_ea92cca8 Author: unknown

Source: LOAD without section mappings

Program segment: 0x8000

Source: 5477.1.00007fdc48017000.00007fdc48025000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY	Matched rule: Linux_Trojan_Gafgyt_28a2fe0c os = linux, severity = x86, creation_date = 2021-01-12, scan_context = file, memory, license = Elastic License v2, threat_name = Linux.Trojan.Gafgyt, fingerprint = a2c6beaec18ca876e8487c11bcc7a29279669588aacb7d3027d8d8df8f5bcead, id = 28a2fe0c-eed5-4c79-81e6-3b11b73a4ebd, last_modified = 2021-09-16
Source: 5477.1.00007fdc48017000.00007fdc48025000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY	Matched rule: Linux_Trojan_Gafgyt_ea92cca8 os = linux, severity = x86, creation_date = 2021-01-12, scan_context = file, memory, license = Elastic License v2, threat_name = Linux.Trojan.Gafgyt, fingerprint = aa4aee9f3d6bedd8234eaf8778895a0f5d71c42b21f2a428f01f121e85704e8e, id = ea92cca8-bba7-4a1c-9b88-a2d051ad0021, last_modified = 2021-09-16

Source: classification engine

Classification label: mal68.troj.evad.linELF@0/0@0/0

Data Obfuscation

Sample is packed with UPX

Source: initial sample	String containing UPX found: $Info: This file is packed with the UPX executable packer http://upx.sf.net $
Source: initial sample	String containing UPX found: $Info: This file is packed with the UPX executable packer http://upx.sf.net $
Source: initial sample	String containing UPX found: $Id: UPX 3.94 Copyright (C) 1996-2017 the UPX Team. All Rights Reserved. $

Source: E9kF2YAyaP.elf

Submission file: segment LOAD with 7.915 entropy (max. 8.0)

Source: /tmp/E9kF2YAyaP.elf (PID: 5477)

Queries kernel information via 'uname':

Jump to behavior

Source: E9kF2YAyaP.elf, 5477.1.0000559698b0b000.0000559698c59000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: U!/etc/qemu-binfmt/arm
Source: E9kF2YAyaP.elf, 5477.1.00007ffedc06a000.00007ffedc08b000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: x86_64/usr/bin/qemu-arm/tmp/E9kF2YAyaP.elfSUDO_USER=saturninoPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/binDISPLAY=:1.0XAUTHORITY=/run/user/1000/gdm/XauthoritySUDO_UID=1000TERM=xterm-256colorCOLORTERM=truecolorLOGNAME=rootUSER=rootLANG=en_US.UTF-8SUDO_COMMAND=/bin/bashHOME=/rootMAIL=/var/mail/rootSUDO_GID=1000SHELL=/bin/bash/tmp/E9kF2YAyaP.elf
Source: E9kF2YAyaP.elf, 5477.1.0000559698b0b000.0000559698c59000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /etc/qemu-binfmt/arm
Source: E9kF2YAyaP.elf, 5477.1.00007ffedc06a000.00007ffedc08b000.rw-.sdmp	Binary or memory string: /usr/bin/qemu-arm

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Yara detected Mirai

Source: Yara match

File source: 5477.1.00007fdc48017000.00007fdc48025000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY

Remote Access Functionality

Yara detected Mirai

Source: Yara match

File source: 5477.1.00007fdc48017000.00007fdc48025000.r-x.sdmp, type: MEMORY

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Reconnaissance	Resource Development	Initial Access	Execution	Persistence	Privilege Escalation	Defense Evasion	Credential Access	Discovery	Lateral Movement	Collection	Command and Control	Exfiltration	Impact
Gather Victim Identity Information	Acquire Infrastructure	Valid Accounts	Windows Management Instrumentation	Path Interception	Path Interception	11 Obfuscated Files or Information	OS Credential Dumping	11 Security Software Discovery	Remote Services	Data from Local System	Data Obfuscation	Exfiltration Over Other Network Medium	Abuse Accessibility Features

Malware Configuration

⊘No configs have been found

Behavior Graph

Hide Legend

Legend:

Process
Signature
Created File
DNS/IP Info
Is Dropped
Number of created Files
Is malicious
Internet

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Source	Detection	Scanner	Label	Link
E9kF2YAyaP.elf	35%	Virustotal		Browse
E9kF2YAyaP.elf	39%	ReversingLabs	Linux.Trojan.Mirai

Dropped Files

⊘No Antivirus matches

Domains

⊘No Antivirus matches

URLs

Source	Detection	Scanner	Label	Link
http://upx.sf.net	0%	URL Reputation	safe

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

⊘No contacted domains info

URLs from Memory and Binaries

Name	Source	Malicious	Antivirus Detection	Reputation
http://upx.sf.net	E9kF2YAyaP.elf	true	URL Reputation: safe	unknown

World Map of Contacted IPs

No. of IPs < 25%
25% < No. of IPs < 50%
50% < No. of IPs < 75%
75% < No. of IPs

Public IPs

IP	Domain	Country	Flag	ASN	ASN Name	Malicious
8.8.8.8	unknown	United States		15169	GOOGLEUS	false

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

⊘No context

Domains

⊘No context

ASNs

⊘No context

JA3 Fingerprints

⊘No context

Dropped Files

⊘No context

Created / dropped Files

⊘No created / dropped files found

Static File Info

General

File type:	ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, EABI4 version 1 (GNU/Linux), statically linked, no section header
Entropy (8bit):	7.910754261138074
TrID:	ELF Executable and Linkable format (generic) (4004/1) 100.00%
File name:	E9kF2YAyaP.elf
File size:	22'596 bytes
MD5:	c4fd092dc63563ffa9bae557c4afad3b
SHA1:	d5d20a18e4d1a53d6609e7a7f0d0dd1ee85e7a8f
SHA256:	223149eb7e5532edfdfc95d57ba8ea23b7923b1f550e9bd38ffc8b49555385fb
SHA512:	66f764491bfef6f5413ee179a6f6de3f5b0c6fc953aaff86e779315e99701a06f661a60448a289028fa27a9a721157b20a078ab0b88fd3f540a8dd8320ed02ea
SSDEEP:	384:/XLipjSPrNEbcSCE0CWmJWtaI6/ZmZfij8TMvn6DOAhh7qmdGUEpiaac:PLcSPNvUZmZfijQMvnIOy9q3UELd
TLSH:	4BA2C09995D57EB1C9646D36D82140C62B1A277CC2FBB671365890AC2BC220BAFFC05B
File Content Preview:	.ELF..............(.........4...........4. ...(......................V...V..............,_..,...,...................Q.td............................=.%<UPX!........H...H.......l..........?.E.h;....#..$....'..)[..5.l.....z.Y..yGnV..q..!H....7...w.....Z....

Static ELF Info

ELF header
Class:	ELF32
Data:	2's complement, little endian
Version:	1 (current)
Machine:	ARM
Version Number:	0x1
Type:	EXEC (Executable file)
OS/ABI:	UNIX - Linux
ABI Version:	0
Entry Point Address:	0xc4b0
Flags:	0x4000002
ELF Header Size:	52
Program Header Offset:	52
Program Header Size:	32
Number of Program Headers:	3
Section Header Offset:	0
Section Header Size:	40
Number of Section Headers:	0
Header String Table Index:	0

Program Segments

Type	Offset	Virtual Address	Physical Address	File Size	Memory Size	Entropy	Flags	Flags Description	Align
LOAD	0x0	0x8000	0x8000	0x569d	0x569d	7.9150	0x5	R E	0x8000
LOAD	0x5f2c	0x1df2c	0x1df2c	0x0	0x0	0.0000	0x6	RW	0x8000
GNU_STACK	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0x0	0.0000	0x7	RWE	0x4

Network Behavior

Network Port Distribution

TCP Packets

Timestamp	Source Port	Dest Port	Source IP	Dest IP
May 26, 2024 01:30:29.985188007 CEST	53	34788	8.8.8.8	192.168.2.13
May 26, 2024 01:30:29.985368013 CEST	34788	53	192.168.2.13	8.8.8.8

System Behavior

Analysis Process: E9kF2YAyaP.elf PID: 5477, Parent PID: 5394

General

Start time (UTC):	23:30:19
Start date (UTC):	25/05/2024
Path:	/tmp/E9kF2YAyaP.elf
Arguments:	/tmp/E9kF2YAyaP.elf
File size:	4956856 bytes
MD5 hash:	5ebfcae4fe2471fcc5695c2394773ff1

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to make an executable or file difficult to discover or analyze by encrypting, encoding, or otherwise obfuscating its contents on the system or in transit. This is common behavior that can be used across different platforms and the network to evade defenses.
Tactics:	Defense Evasion
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, File: File Creation, File: File Metadata, Module: Module Load, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation, Script: Script Execution, WMI: WMI Creation, Windows Registry: Windows Registry Key Creation
Platforms:	Linux, macOS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Description:	Adversaries may attempt to get a listing of security software, configurations, defensive tools, and sensors that are installed on a system or in a cloud environment. This may include things such as firewall rules and anti-virus. Adversaries may use the information from Security Software Discovery during automated discovery to shape follow-on behaviors, including whether or not the adversary fully infects the target and/or attempts specific actions.
Tactics:	Discovery
Data Sources:	Command: Command Execution, Firewall: Firewall Enumeration, Firewall: Firewall Metadata, Process: OS API Execution, Process: Process Creation
Platforms:	Azure AD, Google Workspace, IaaS, Linux, macOS, Office 365, SaaS, Windows
Url:	Open detailed description by Mitre

Behavior Section

Behavior Chronological

Disassembly

Uncategorized

Graph

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Linux Analysis Report E9kF2YAyaP.elf

Overview

General Information

Detection

Signatures

Classification

General Information

Runtime Messages

Process Tree

Malware Threat Intel

Yara Signatures

Memory Dumps

Snort Signatures

Joe Sandbox Signatures

AV Detection

Networking

System Summary

Data Obfuscation

Hooking and other Techniques for Hiding and Protection

Malware Analysis System Evasion

Stealing of Sensitive Information

Remote Access Functionality

Mitre Att&ck Matrix

Malware Configuration

Behavior Graph

Antivirus, Machine Learning and Genetic Malware Detection

Initial Sample

Dropped Files

Domains

URLs

Domains and IPs

Contacted Domains

URLs from Memory and Binaries

World Map of Contacted IPs

Public IPs

Joe Sandbox View / Context

IPs

Domains

ASNs

JA3 Fingerprints

Dropped Files

Created / dropped Files

Static File Info

General

Static ELF Info

ELF header

Program Segments

Network Behavior

Network Port Distribution

TCP Packets

System Behavior

Analysis Process: E9kF2YAyaP.elf PID: 5477, Parent PID: 5394

General

Chronological Activities

Linux Analysis Report
E9kF2YAyaP.elf